日粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪小肠功能的影响
|
摘要
本研究旨在探究日粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌(BC)对断奶仔猪小肠功能的影响。试验选取平均体重为(6.5±0.21) kg的21日龄三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪24头,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,BCⅠ、BCⅡ组分别在基础日粮中添加2×10~6、2×10~7 CFU/g凝结芽孢杆菌。于试验第21天,所有仔猪灌服D-木糖(0.1 g/(kg·BW)),1 h后采血,屠宰,取回肠黏膜样品及回肠、结肠食糜。结果表明:与对照组相比,BCⅠ、BCⅡ组血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)活力显著降低(P<0.05),BCⅠ组血浆D-木糖含量显著增加(P<0.05);BCⅠ、BCⅡ组回肠谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力显著增加(P<0.05),BCⅡ组回肠谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量增加(P>0.05),BCⅠ组回肠丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);BCⅠ组回肠黏膜水通道蛋白3(AQP3)、碱性氨基酸转运载体(b~(0,+)AT)、钠葡萄糖共转运载体1(SGLT-1)的mRNA表达量均显著增加(P<0.05),BCⅡ组回肠黏膜AQP3、AQP10、内向整流钾离子通道13(KCNJ13)、b~(0,+)AT、SGLT-1的mRNA表达量均显著增加(P<0.05);BCⅠ组回肠及结肠肠球菌、双歧杆菌数量均显著升高(P<0.05),BCⅡ组回肠肠球菌及结肠肠球菌及双歧杆菌数量均显著升高(P<0.05)。综合试验结果,日粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌可提高断奶仔猪小肠道吸收转运能力及抗氧化能力,改善断奶仔猪小肠内菌群结构。
The study was to investigate the effects of Bacillus coagulans(BC) on intestinal function in weaned piglets.Twenty-four piglets were randomly allocated into three groups.The control group was fed the based diet,whereas the BC Ⅰ and BC Ⅱ groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2×10~6 and 2×10~7 CFU/g Bacillus coagulans,respectively.On the 21 th day of the trial,D-xylose(0.1 g/(kg·BW)) was orally administrated to all piglets.One hour later,jugular vein blood samples were collected,and then all pigs were sacrificed to obtain the mid-ileum and the chyme of ileum and colon.The results showed that,cmpared with the control group,plasma diamine oxidase(DAO) activities in BC Ⅰ and BC Ⅱ groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and plasma D-xylose content was significantly increased in BC Ⅰ group(P<0.05).The actitivies of ileum glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in BC Ⅰ and BC Ⅱ groups increased significantly(P<0.05),and the content of ileal glutathione(GSH) in BC Ⅱ group increased(P>0.05).The content of ileal malondialdehyde(MDA) was significantly decreased(P<0.05);The mRNA expression of ileal mucosa aquaporin 3(AQP3),basic amino acid transporter(b~(0,+)AT) and sodium glucose cotransporter 1(SGLT-1) in BC Ⅰ group increased significantly(P<0.05).The mRNA expression levels of ileum mucosa AQP3,AQP10,inward rectifier potassium channel 13(KCNJ13),b~(0,+)AT,SGLT-1 were significantly increased in BC Ⅱ group(P<0.05).The number of Enterococcus,Bifidobacterium in the ileum and colon of BC Ⅰ group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The number of Enterococcus in the ileum,Enterococcus,Bifidobacterium in colon of BC Ⅱ group were significantly increased(P<0.05).In summary,the addition of Bacillus coagulans in the diet could improve the intestinal absorption,transport capacity and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets,and improve the intestinal flora structure of weaned piglets.
The study was to investigate the effects of Bacillus coagulans(BC) on intestinal function in weaned piglets.Twenty-four piglets were randomly allocated into three groups.The control group was fed the based diet,whereas the BC Ⅰ and BC Ⅱ groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2×10~6 and 2×10~7 CFU/g Bacillus coagulans,respectively.On the 21 th day of the trial,D-xylose(0.1 g/(kg·BW)) was orally administrated to all piglets.One hour later,jugular vein blood samples were collected,and then all pigs were sacrificed to obtain the mid-ileum and the chyme of ileum and colon.The results showed that,cmpared with the control group,plasma diamine oxidase(DAO) activities in BC Ⅰ and BC Ⅱ groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and plasma D-xylose content was significantly increased in BC Ⅰ group(P<0.05).The actitivies of ileum glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in BC Ⅰ and BC Ⅱ groups increased significantly(P<0.05),and the content of ileal glutathione(GSH) in BC Ⅱ group increased(P>0.05).The content of ileal malondialdehyde(MDA) was significantly decreased(P<0.05);The mRNA expression of ileal mucosa aquaporin 3(AQP3),basic amino acid transporter(b~(0,+)AT) and sodium glucose cotransporter 1(SGLT-1) in BC Ⅰ group increased significantly(P<0.05).The mRNA expression levels of ileum mucosa AQP3,AQP10,inward rectifier potassium channel 13(KCNJ13),b~(0,+)AT,SGLT-1 were significantly increased in BC Ⅱ group(P<0.05).The number of Enterococcus,Bifidobacterium in the ileum and colon of BC Ⅰ group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The number of Enterococcus in the ileum,Enterococcus,Bifidobacterium in colon of BC Ⅱ group were significantly increased(P<0.05).In summary,the addition of Bacillus coagulans in the diet could improve the intestinal absorption,transport capacity and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets,and improve the intestinal flora structure of weaned piglets.
引文
[1] 栾兆双,姚丽丽,傅振宁,等.断奶应激对仔猪肠形态、肠黏膜屏障和p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(11):2237-2242. LUAN Z S,YAO L L,FU Z N,et al.Effects of weaning stress on intestinal morphology,mucosal barrier and p38 mapk signaling pathway in piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2012,24(11):2237-2242.(in Chinese)
[2] ENDRES J R,QURESHI I,FARBER T,et al.Safety assessment of a pro-prietary preparation of a novel probiotic Bacillus coagulans,as a food ingredient[J].Food&Chemical ToxicoIogy,2009,47(6):1231-1238.
[3] PAN C Y,WANG Y D,CHEN J Y.Immunomodulatory effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans in grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) infected with Vibrio vulnificus[J].Aquaculture International,2013,21(5):1155-1168.
[4] 林丽花,柯芙容,詹湉湉,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(12):3806-3813. LIN L H,KE F R,ZHAN T T,et al.Effects of Bacillus coagulans on performance,serum biochemical indices and antioxidant function of Yellow broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2014,26(12):3806-3813.(in Chinese)
[5] 周映华,吴胜莲,胡新旭,等.不同芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].饲料工业,2012,33(3):21-23. ZHOU Y H,WU S L,HU X X,et al.Effect of different Bacillus sp.on performance of weaned piglets[J].Feed Industry,2012,33(3):21-23.(in Chinese)
[6] KOHSAKA S,TAKAHASHI K,WANG L,et al.Inhibition of GSH synthesis potentiates temozolomide-induced bystander effect in glioblastoma[J].Cancer Letters,2013,331(5):68-75.
[7] ROMAGNOLI C,MARCUCCI G,FAVILLI F,et al.Role of GSH/GSSG redox couple in osteogenic activity and osteoclastogenic markers of human osteoblast-like Sa OS-2 cells[J].Febs Journal,2013,280(6):867-879.
[8] LUK G D,BAY T M,BAY S B.Plasma pos- the par in diamine ox idase:Scensitive provocative test for quantitating length of acute intestinal mucosa injury in the rat[J].Journal of Clinical Investigation,1983,71:1308-1316.
[9] 杨彩梅,徐卫丹,陈安国.甘氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道吸收功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005,41(8):6-8. YANG C M,XU W D,CHEN A G.Effect of GLY-L-GLN on growth performance and intestinal absorption ability in weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2005,41(8):6-8.(in Chinese)
[10] 陈文锋,宋丽军,赵文昌.水通道蛋白在腹泻中的研究进展[J].医学综述,2018,24(6):1041-1046. CHEN W F,SONG L J,ZHAO W C.Research progress of aquaporins in diarrhea[J].Medical Recapitulate,2018,24(6):1041-1046.(in Chinese)
[11] TAVAKKOLIZADEH A,BERGER U V,SHEN K R,et al.Diurnal rhythmicity in intestinal SGLT-1 function,V(max),and mRNA expression topography[J].American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology,2001,280:G209-G215.
[12] ROMEO E,DAVE M H,BACIC D,et al.Luminal kidney and intestine SLC6 amino acid transporters of B0AT-cluster and their tissue distribution in Mus musculus[J].American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 2006,290:F376-F383.
[13] 高侃,汪海峰,章文明,等.益生菌调节肠道上皮屏障功能及作用机制[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(9):1936-1945. GAO K,WANG H F,ZHANG W M,et al.Functions of intestinal epithelial barriers modulated by probiotics and mechanisms[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2013,25(9):1936-1945.(in Chinese)
[14] 张越,徐海旺,李鹏,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道菌群和血液相关指标的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2018,12:165-168. ZHANG Y,XU H W,LI P,et al.Effects of Bacillus coagulans on growth performance,intestinal flora and blood indexes of weaned piglets[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2018,12:165-168.(in Chinese)
[15] HOU Y Q,WANG L,YI D,et al.N-acetylcysteine reduces inflammation in the small intestine by regulating redox,EGF and TLR4 signaling[J].Amino Acids,2013,45:513-522.
[16] FU W J,STROMBERG A J,VIELE K,et al.Statistics and bioinformatics in nutritional sciences:Analysis of complex date in the era of systems biology[J].Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2010,21(7):561-572.
[17] LIU Y,CHEN F,ODLE J,et al.Fish oil enhances intestinal integrity and inhibits TLR4 and NOD2 signaling pathways in weaned pigs after LPS challenge[J].Journal of Nutrition,2012,142(11):2017-2024.
[18] HOU Y Q,WANG L,ZHANG W,et al.Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on intestinal functions of piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide[J].Amino Acids,2012,43:1233-1242.
[19] HOU Y Q,WANG L,DING B Y,et al.α-ketoglutarate and intestinal function[J].Frontiers in Bioscience,2011,16:1186-1196.
[20] 谢雅清,梁晓美,叶伟霞.还原型谷胱甘肽的药理作用与临床应用研究进展[J].中国药业,2013,22(7):124-127. XIE Y Q,LIANG X M,YE W X,Advances in pharmacological effects and clinical application of reduced glutathione[J].Chinese Pharmaceuticals,2013,22(7):124-127.(in Chinese)
[21] SHIRIN M,SIMA B,MARYAM S,et al.Inverse association of plasma level of glutathione peroxidase with liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B:Potential role of iron[J].Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases,2016,8(2):122-130.
[22] 宫秀燕,韦明,蒋秋斐,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对肠炎沙门氏菌感染肉鸡生产性能和抗氧化功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(17):74-79. GONG X Y,WEI M,JIANG Q F,et al.Effect of Bacillus coagulans on growth performance and antioxidant fuction of broilers challenged with Salmonella enteritis[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2015,51(17):74-79.(in Chinese)
[23] 赵凯科,郑立,毛智斌,等.水通道蛋白与胃肠道疾病关系研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2016,37(1):77-80. ZHAO K K,ZHENG L,MAO Z B,et al.Progress on relationship between aquaporins and gastrointestinal disease[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2016,37(1):77-80.(in Chinese)
[24] 庞坤,刘英丽,韩立强.水通道蛋白结构及调控的研究进展[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2015,12:69-72. PANG K,LIU Y L,HAN L Q.Research progress on structure and regulating system of aquaporin[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2015,12:69-72.(in Chinese)
[25] 吴霜,程滢瑞,周锦勇,等.洛哌丁胺构建大鼠便秘模型对水通道蛋白AQP3和AQP8的影响[J].世界华人消化杂志,2014,7:969-974. WU S,CHENG Y R,ZHOU J Y,et al.Expression of AQP3 and 8 in loperamide induced constipation in rats[J].World Chinese Journal of Digestology,2014,7:969-974.(in Chinese)
[26] 职爱民,左建军,周响艳,等.不同浓度赖氨酸对猪肠黏膜上皮细胞碱性氨基酸转运载体mRNA表达的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(21):6-11. ZHI A M,ZHUO J J,ZHOU X Y,et al.The influence of different lysine concentration on the cationic amino acid transporter mRNA expression of porcine IEC[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(21):6-11.(in Chinese)
[27] GOULD G W,HOLMAN G D.The glucose transporter family:Structure,function and tissue-specific expression[J].Biochemical Journal,1993,295(2):329-341.
[28] 张璇,耿仙,陈兴娟,等.蛋白激酶C对内向整流钾离子通道的调节机制[J].第二军医大学学报,2009,30(8):956-960. ZHANG X,GENG X,CHEN X J,et al.Modulation mechanism of PKC upon inwardly rectifying potassium channels[J].Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University,2009,30(8):956-960.(in Chinese)
[29] FERREIRA C M,VIEIRA A T,VINOLO M A,et al.The central role of the gut microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases[J].Journal of Immunology Research,2014,2014:689-492.
[30] 刘松珍,张雁,张名位,等.肠道短链脂肪酸产生机制及生理功能的研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2013,11:99-103. LIU S Z,ZHANG Y,ZHANG M W,et al.Research progress on producing mechanism and physiological functions of intestinal short chain fatty acids[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2013,11:99-103.(in Chinese)
[31] 雷鸣.益生性肠球菌的生物学特性和安全性评价[D].杭州:中国计量学院,2014. LEI M.Biological characteristics and safety assessment of probiotic Enterococcal strains[D].Hangzhou:China Jiliang University,2014.(in Chinese)
[32] 蒋小丰,罗国升,刘亚力,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道菌群的影响[J].中国饲料添加剂,2016,10:27-31. JIANG X F,LUO G S,LIU Y L,et al.Effect of Bacillus coagulans on growth performance and intestinal flora of weaned piglets[J].China Feed Additive,2016,10:27-31.(in Chinese)
[2] ENDRES J R,QURESHI I,FARBER T,et al.Safety assessment of a pro-prietary preparation of a novel probiotic Bacillus coagulans,as a food ingredient[J].Food&Chemical ToxicoIogy,2009,47(6):1231-1238.
[3] PAN C Y,WANG Y D,CHEN J Y.Immunomodulatory effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans in grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) infected with Vibrio vulnificus[J].Aquaculture International,2013,21(5):1155-1168.
[4] 林丽花,柯芙容,詹湉湉,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(12):3806-3813. LIN L H,KE F R,ZHAN T T,et al.Effects of Bacillus coagulans on performance,serum biochemical indices and antioxidant function of Yellow broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2014,26(12):3806-3813.(in Chinese)
[5] 周映华,吴胜莲,胡新旭,等.不同芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].饲料工业,2012,33(3):21-23. ZHOU Y H,WU S L,HU X X,et al.Effect of different Bacillus sp.on performance of weaned piglets[J].Feed Industry,2012,33(3):21-23.(in Chinese)
[6] KOHSAKA S,TAKAHASHI K,WANG L,et al.Inhibition of GSH synthesis potentiates temozolomide-induced bystander effect in glioblastoma[J].Cancer Letters,2013,331(5):68-75.
[7] ROMAGNOLI C,MARCUCCI G,FAVILLI F,et al.Role of GSH/GSSG redox couple in osteogenic activity and osteoclastogenic markers of human osteoblast-like Sa OS-2 cells[J].Febs Journal,2013,280(6):867-879.
[8] LUK G D,BAY T M,BAY S B.Plasma pos- the par in diamine ox idase:Scensitive provocative test for quantitating length of acute intestinal mucosa injury in the rat[J].Journal of Clinical Investigation,1983,71:1308-1316.
[9] 杨彩梅,徐卫丹,陈安国.甘氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道吸收功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005,41(8):6-8. YANG C M,XU W D,CHEN A G.Effect of GLY-L-GLN on growth performance and intestinal absorption ability in weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2005,41(8):6-8.(in Chinese)
[10] 陈文锋,宋丽军,赵文昌.水通道蛋白在腹泻中的研究进展[J].医学综述,2018,24(6):1041-1046. CHEN W F,SONG L J,ZHAO W C.Research progress of aquaporins in diarrhea[J].Medical Recapitulate,2018,24(6):1041-1046.(in Chinese)
[11] TAVAKKOLIZADEH A,BERGER U V,SHEN K R,et al.Diurnal rhythmicity in intestinal SGLT-1 function,V(max),and mRNA expression topography[J].American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology,2001,280:G209-G215.
[12] ROMEO E,DAVE M H,BACIC D,et al.Luminal kidney and intestine SLC6 amino acid transporters of B0AT-cluster and their tissue distribution in Mus musculus[J].American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 2006,290:F376-F383.
[13] 高侃,汪海峰,章文明,等.益生菌调节肠道上皮屏障功能及作用机制[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(9):1936-1945. GAO K,WANG H F,ZHANG W M,et al.Functions of intestinal epithelial barriers modulated by probiotics and mechanisms[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2013,25(9):1936-1945.(in Chinese)
[14] 张越,徐海旺,李鹏,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道菌群和血液相关指标的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2018,12:165-168. ZHANG Y,XU H W,LI P,et al.Effects of Bacillus coagulans on growth performance,intestinal flora and blood indexes of weaned piglets[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2018,12:165-168.(in Chinese)
[15] HOU Y Q,WANG L,YI D,et al.N-acetylcysteine reduces inflammation in the small intestine by regulating redox,EGF and TLR4 signaling[J].Amino Acids,2013,45:513-522.
[16] FU W J,STROMBERG A J,VIELE K,et al.Statistics and bioinformatics in nutritional sciences:Analysis of complex date in the era of systems biology[J].Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2010,21(7):561-572.
[17] LIU Y,CHEN F,ODLE J,et al.Fish oil enhances intestinal integrity and inhibits TLR4 and NOD2 signaling pathways in weaned pigs after LPS challenge[J].Journal of Nutrition,2012,142(11):2017-2024.
[18] HOU Y Q,WANG L,ZHANG W,et al.Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on intestinal functions of piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide[J].Amino Acids,2012,43:1233-1242.
[19] HOU Y Q,WANG L,DING B Y,et al.α-ketoglutarate and intestinal function[J].Frontiers in Bioscience,2011,16:1186-1196.
[20] 谢雅清,梁晓美,叶伟霞.还原型谷胱甘肽的药理作用与临床应用研究进展[J].中国药业,2013,22(7):124-127. XIE Y Q,LIANG X M,YE W X,Advances in pharmacological effects and clinical application of reduced glutathione[J].Chinese Pharmaceuticals,2013,22(7):124-127.(in Chinese)
[21] SHIRIN M,SIMA B,MARYAM S,et al.Inverse association of plasma level of glutathione peroxidase with liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B:Potential role of iron[J].Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases,2016,8(2):122-130.
[22] 宫秀燕,韦明,蒋秋斐,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对肠炎沙门氏菌感染肉鸡生产性能和抗氧化功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(17):74-79. GONG X Y,WEI M,JIANG Q F,et al.Effect of Bacillus coagulans on growth performance and antioxidant fuction of broilers challenged with Salmonella enteritis[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2015,51(17):74-79.(in Chinese)
[23] 赵凯科,郑立,毛智斌,等.水通道蛋白与胃肠道疾病关系研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2016,37(1):77-80. ZHAO K K,ZHENG L,MAO Z B,et al.Progress on relationship between aquaporins and gastrointestinal disease[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2016,37(1):77-80.(in Chinese)
[24] 庞坤,刘英丽,韩立强.水通道蛋白结构及调控的研究进展[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2015,12:69-72. PANG K,LIU Y L,HAN L Q.Research progress on structure and regulating system of aquaporin[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2015,12:69-72.(in Chinese)
[25] 吴霜,程滢瑞,周锦勇,等.洛哌丁胺构建大鼠便秘模型对水通道蛋白AQP3和AQP8的影响[J].世界华人消化杂志,2014,7:969-974. WU S,CHENG Y R,ZHOU J Y,et al.Expression of AQP3 and 8 in loperamide induced constipation in rats[J].World Chinese Journal of Digestology,2014,7:969-974.(in Chinese)
[26] 职爱民,左建军,周响艳,等.不同浓度赖氨酸对猪肠黏膜上皮细胞碱性氨基酸转运载体mRNA表达的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(21):6-11. ZHI A M,ZHUO J J,ZHOU X Y,et al.The influence of different lysine concentration on the cationic amino acid transporter mRNA expression of porcine IEC[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(21):6-11.(in Chinese)
[27] GOULD G W,HOLMAN G D.The glucose transporter family:Structure,function and tissue-specific expression[J].Biochemical Journal,1993,295(2):329-341.
[28] 张璇,耿仙,陈兴娟,等.蛋白激酶C对内向整流钾离子通道的调节机制[J].第二军医大学学报,2009,30(8):956-960. ZHANG X,GENG X,CHEN X J,et al.Modulation mechanism of PKC upon inwardly rectifying potassium channels[J].Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University,2009,30(8):956-960.(in Chinese)
[29] FERREIRA C M,VIEIRA A T,VINOLO M A,et al.The central role of the gut microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases[J].Journal of Immunology Research,2014,2014:689-492.
[30] 刘松珍,张雁,张名位,等.肠道短链脂肪酸产生机制及生理功能的研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2013,11:99-103. LIU S Z,ZHANG Y,ZHANG M W,et al.Research progress on producing mechanism and physiological functions of intestinal short chain fatty acids[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2013,11:99-103.(in Chinese)
[31] 雷鸣.益生性肠球菌的生物学特性和安全性评价[D].杭州:中国计量学院,2014. LEI M.Biological characteristics and safety assessment of probiotic Enterococcal strains[D].Hangzhou:China Jiliang University,2014.(in Chinese)
[32] 蒋小丰,罗国升,刘亚力,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道菌群的影响[J].中国饲料添加剂,2016,10:27-31. JIANG X F,LUO G S,LIU Y L,et al.Effect of Bacillus coagulans on growth performance and intestinal flora of weaned piglets[J].China Feed Additive,2016,10:27-31.(in Chinese)