河南关庙—大坪地区铝土矿岩相学特征及成矿物源分析
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摘要
河南嵩箕地区的关庙—大坪铝土矿是位于华北陆块南缘的一个大型铝土矿床,产于上古生界中奥陶统或上寒武统古风化面上,属典型的古风化壳沉积型铝土矿床。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜等方法对矿石结构、矿物成分等进行深入的研究:铝土矿中含铝矿物主要以细粒一水硬铝石为主,并可见(高岭土、伊利石)等胶状黏土矿物,其他还有赤铁矿、黄铁矿、锐钛矿、锆石等矿物,含铝岩系中由下至上具Fe→Al→Si层分特点,对应其致密块状→含豆鲕状→豆鲕状→碎屑状结构,间接说明了水动力条件由强变弱的转换过程,这是个多次形成的过程。豆鲕粒结构的出现都表明了矿石形成过程中经历了机械搬运或胶体溶液沉积的特点。矿石中矿物颗粒变化趋势反映了当时沉积由河湖沼泽洼地低能的沉积环境向潮下带高能海水环境的过渡;岩相学特征结合前人关于岩相古地理特征及碎屑锆石U-Pb测年等方法对研究区沉积型铝土矿成矿物质来源进行分析,认为成矿源区应为研究区南部的秦岭古陆。
Guanmiao-Daping bauxite deposit in Songji area,Henan Province is a large bauxite deposit located in the southern margin of North China continental block. It is produced on the weathering surface of Late Paleozoic MiddleOrdovician or Upper-Cambrian. By means of optical microscope analysis,scanning electron microscopy( sem) analysis and other methed,the ore structure,mineral composition of bauxite were study in-depth,the result of the study showed that the mainly mineral of containing aluminum in the bauxite ore was fine-grained hard diaspore monohydrate,the other mineral include the visible colloidal clay minerals( such as kaolinite and illite),hematite,pyrite,anatase,zircon,etc. From bottom to top,the structure of aluminiferous rock system respectively are massive structure,pisolitic or oolitic structure,and clastic structure,corresponding to its layer geochemical characteristics of Fe→Al→Si,indirectly illustrating that during its repeated formation process,the transformation process of hydrodynamic condition from strong to weak. The appearance of pisolitic or oolitic structure indicates that the ore underwent mechanical transport or colloidal solution deposition in the process of ore formation. The change trend of mineral granule in the ore reflects the transition from the low-energy sedimentary environment in the hehu marsh depression to the highenergy seawater environment in the subtidal zone. The ore-forming material source of sedimentary bauxite in the study area is believed,by the combination study of petrographic characteristics,paleogeographic characteristics of lithofacies,U-Pb dating of detrital zircon and other methods,to be from the Qinling ancient land in south.
Guanmiao-Daping bauxite deposit in Songji area,Henan Province is a large bauxite deposit located in the southern margin of North China continental block. It is produced on the weathering surface of Late Paleozoic MiddleOrdovician or Upper-Cambrian. By means of optical microscope analysis,scanning electron microscopy( sem) analysis and other methed,the ore structure,mineral composition of bauxite were study in-depth,the result of the study showed that the mainly mineral of containing aluminum in the bauxite ore was fine-grained hard diaspore monohydrate,the other mineral include the visible colloidal clay minerals( such as kaolinite and illite),hematite,pyrite,anatase,zircon,etc. From bottom to top,the structure of aluminiferous rock system respectively are massive structure,pisolitic or oolitic structure,and clastic structure,corresponding to its layer geochemical characteristics of Fe→Al→Si,indirectly illustrating that during its repeated formation process,the transformation process of hydrodynamic condition from strong to weak. The appearance of pisolitic or oolitic structure indicates that the ore underwent mechanical transport or colloidal solution deposition in the process of ore formation. The change trend of mineral granule in the ore reflects the transition from the low-energy sedimentary environment in the hehu marsh depression to the highenergy seawater environment in the subtidal zone. The ore-forming material source of sedimentary bauxite in the study area is believed,by the combination study of petrographic characteristics,paleogeographic characteristics of lithofacies,U-Pb dating of detrital zircon and other methods,to be from the Qinling ancient land in south.
引文
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[15]崔来运.判断铝土矿成矿物质来源的数学方法[J].物探与化探,2011,35(1):131-135.
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[19]陈旺.豫西石炭纪铝土矿成矿系统[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2009.
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[21]丰恺.河南铝土矿成因的一点认识[J].轻金属,1992(7):1-8.
[22]王绍龙.再论河南G层铝土矿的物质来源[J].河南地质,1992,10(1):15-19.
[23]袁跃清.河南省铝土矿床成因探讨[J].矿产与地质,2005,19(1):52-56.
[24]班宜红,郭锐,王军强,等.河南省钙红土风化壳型铝土矿沉积规律及找矿远景概论[J].矿产与地质,2012,26(3):210-220.
[25]BRDOSSY G.Karst bauxites:bauxite deposits on carbonate rocks[J].Developments in Economic Geology,1982,14:1-441.
[26]BRDOSSY G,ALEVA G J J.Lateritic bauxites:developments in economic geology[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific Publication,1990:1-624.
[27]刘长龄.华北地台铝土矿床的物质来源[J].轻金属,1985(8):1-4.
[28]真允庆,王振玉.华北式(G层)铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].桂林冶金地质学院学报,1991,11(1):49-56.
[29]卢静文,彭晓蕾,徐丽杰.山西铝土矿床成矿物质来源[J].长春地质学院学报,1997,27(2):147-151.
[30]曹高社,张松,徐光明,等.豫西偃师龙门地区上石炭统本溪组含铝岩系矿物学特征及其原岩分析[J].地质论评,2016,62(5):1300-1314.
[31]曹高社,邢舟,毕景豪,等.豫西偃龙地区本溪组铝土矿成矿物质来源分析[J].地质学报,2018,92(7):1507-1523.
[32]吴元保,郑永飞.锆石成因矿物学研究及其对U-Pb年龄解释的制约[J].科学通报,2004,49(16):1589-1604.
[33]孟祥化,葛铭,肖增起.华北石炭纪含铝建造沉积学研究[J].地质科学,1987(2):182-197.
[34]施和生.豫西铝土矿的成矿学特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,1989,13(3):280-282.
[35]范忠仁.河南省中西部铝土矿微量元素比值特征及其成因意义[J].地质与勘探,1989,25(7):2327.
[36]李凯琦,葛宝勋,陈书龙.豫西G层铝土矿分布于古陆边缘的控制因素[J].焦作矿业学院学报,1994,13(2):1-9.
[37]杨延伟.豫中关庙-大坪地区隐伏铝土矿成矿规律及找矿方向研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2017.
[2]刘长龄.中国石炭纪铝土矿的地质特征与成因[J].沉积学报,1988,(3):1-10,131.
[3]马既民.河南岩溶型铝土矿床的成矿过程[J].河南地质,1991,9(3):15-20.
[4]刘长龄,时子祯.山西、河南高铝黏土铝土矿矿床矿物学研究[J].沉积学报,1985(2):18-36,166.
[5]张乃娴,姬素荣.河南巩县铝土矿及其含矿岩系的岩石学矿物学特点[J].地质科学,1985,(2):170-179,214.
[6]吕夏.河南省中西部石炭系铝土矿中硬水铝石的矿物学特征研究[J].地质论评,1988,(4):293-301,390.
[7]施和生.豫西铝土矿的成矿学特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,1989,13(3):280-282.
[8]程学志.河南铝土矿的物质组成及矿物组合类型[J].河南地质,1990(4):12-18.
[9]温同想.河南石炭纪铝土矿地质特征[J].华北地质矿产杂志,1996(4):491-511.
[10]刘长龄.华北地台铝土矿床的物质来源[J].轻金属,1985(8):1-4.
[11]刘长龄.论铝土矿的成因学说[J].河北地质学院学报,1992,15(2):195-204.
[12]刘学飞,王庆飞,李中明,等.河南铝土矿矿物成因及其演化序列[J].地质与勘探,2012,48(3):449-459.
[13]吴国炎.华北铝土矿的物质来源及成矿模式探讨[J].河南地质,1997,15(3):161-166.
[14]温同想.河南石炭纪铝土矿地质特征[J].华北地质矿产杂志,1996(4):491-511.
[15]崔来运.判断铝土矿成矿物质来源的数学方法[J].物探与化探,2011,35(1):131-135.
[16]章柏盛.微量元素对比在铝土矿成矿物质来源上的应用[J].轻金属,1987(3):1-4
[17]秦运良.嵩箕地区构造特征[J].河南地质,1988,6(3):29-31.
[18]温同想.河南石炭纪铝土矿地质特征[J].华北地质矿产杂志,1996(4):491-511.
[19]陈旺.豫西石炭纪铝土矿成矿系统[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2009.
[20]张源有.豫西铝土矿物质来源和化学沉积分异作用[J].地质与勘探,1982,18(10):2-8.
[21]丰恺.河南铝土矿成因的一点认识[J].轻金属,1992(7):1-8.
[22]王绍龙.再论河南G层铝土矿的物质来源[J].河南地质,1992,10(1):15-19.
[23]袁跃清.河南省铝土矿床成因探讨[J].矿产与地质,2005,19(1):52-56.
[24]班宜红,郭锐,王军强,等.河南省钙红土风化壳型铝土矿沉积规律及找矿远景概论[J].矿产与地质,2012,26(3):210-220.
[25]BRDOSSY G.Karst bauxites:bauxite deposits on carbonate rocks[J].Developments in Economic Geology,1982,14:1-441.
[26]BRDOSSY G,ALEVA G J J.Lateritic bauxites:developments in economic geology[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific Publication,1990:1-624.
[27]刘长龄.华北地台铝土矿床的物质来源[J].轻金属,1985(8):1-4.
[28]真允庆,王振玉.华北式(G层)铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].桂林冶金地质学院学报,1991,11(1):49-56.
[29]卢静文,彭晓蕾,徐丽杰.山西铝土矿床成矿物质来源[J].长春地质学院学报,1997,27(2):147-151.
[30]曹高社,张松,徐光明,等.豫西偃师龙门地区上石炭统本溪组含铝岩系矿物学特征及其原岩分析[J].地质论评,2016,62(5):1300-1314.
[31]曹高社,邢舟,毕景豪,等.豫西偃龙地区本溪组铝土矿成矿物质来源分析[J].地质学报,2018,92(7):1507-1523.
[32]吴元保,郑永飞.锆石成因矿物学研究及其对U-Pb年龄解释的制约[J].科学通报,2004,49(16):1589-1604.
[33]孟祥化,葛铭,肖增起.华北石炭纪含铝建造沉积学研究[J].地质科学,1987(2):182-197.
[34]施和生.豫西铝土矿的成矿学特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,1989,13(3):280-282.
[35]范忠仁.河南省中西部铝土矿微量元素比值特征及其成因意义[J].地质与勘探,1989,25(7):2327.
[36]李凯琦,葛宝勋,陈书龙.豫西G层铝土矿分布于古陆边缘的控制因素[J].焦作矿业学院学报,1994,13(2):1-9.
[37]杨延伟.豫中关庙-大坪地区隐伏铝土矿成矿规律及找矿方向研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2017.