拔牙后牙槽嵴保持的研究现状
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摘要
拔牙后牙槽嵴会出现不可逆的骨吸收,常导致拔牙区骨量不足,可能会限制后期的种植或传统修复治疗,而牙槽嵴保持术可以减少拔牙后的骨量丢失。故本文从拔牙窝改建特点、影响拔牙窝的愈合因素及生物材料在牙槽嵴保持中的应用等几个方面作一综述。
Resorption of alveolar bone that occurs following tooth extraction is irreversible,it may compromise the restoration of implants or conventional prostheses.Ridge preservation can minimize ridge resorption after tooth extraction.In this article,healing features of socket after tooth extraction,factors influencing ridge remodeling,and the use of bioma-terials were reviewed.
Resorption of alveolar bone that occurs following tooth extraction is irreversible,it may compromise the restoration of implants or conventional prostheses.Ridge preservation can minimize ridge resorption after tooth extraction.In this article,healing features of socket after tooth extraction,factors influencing ridge remodeling,and the use of bioma-terials were reviewed.
引文
[1]Schropp L,Wenzel A,Kostopoulos L,et al.Bone healing and soft tissue contour changes following single-tooth extraction:a clinical and radiographic 12-month prospective study[J].Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent,2003,23(4):313-323.
[2]Barone A,Ricci M,Tonelli P,et al.Tissue changes of extraction sockets in humans:a comparison of spontaneous healing vs.ridge preservation with secondary soft tissue healing[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2013,24(11):1231-1237.
[3]Jung RE,Philipp A,Annen BM,et al.Radiographic evaluation of different techniques for ridge preservation after tooth extraction:a randomized controlled clinical trial[J].JClin Periodontol,2013,40(1):90-98.
[4]Avila-Ortiz G,Elangovan S,Kramer KW,et al.Effect of alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].J Dent Res,2014,93(10):950-958.
[5]Amler MH.The time sequence of tissue regeneration in human extraction wounds[J].Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol,1969,27(3):309-318.
[6]Sbordone C,Toti P,Martuscelli R,et al.Retrospective volume analysis of bone remodeling after tooth extraction with and without deproteinized bovine bone mineral insertion[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2016,27(9):1152-1159.
[7]Tan WL,Wong TL,Wong MC,et al.A systematic review of post-extractional alveolar hard and soft tissue dimensional changes in humans[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2012,23(Suppl 5):1-21.
[8]Tallgren A.Alveolar bone loss in denture wearers as related to facial morphology[J].Acta Odontol Scand,1970,28(2):251-270.
[9]Cardaropoli D,Tamagnone L,Roffredo A,et al.Relationship between the buccal bone plate thickness and the healing of postextraction sockets with/without ridge preservation[J].Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent,2014,34(2):211-217.
[10]Spinato S,Galindo-Moreno P,Zaffe D,et al.Is socket healing conditioned by buccal plate thickness?A clinical and histologic study 4 months after mineralized human bone allografting[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2014,25(2):e120-e126.
[11]Cook DR,Mealey BL,Verrett RG,et al.Relationship between clinical periodontal biotype and labial plate thickness:an in vivo study[J].Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent,2011,31(4):345-354.
[12]Atwood DA,Coy WA.Clinical,cephalometric,and densitometric study of reduction of residual ridges[J].J Prosthet Dent,1971,26(3):280-295.
[13]Papadimitriou DE,Geminiani A,Zahavi T,et al.Sonosurgery for atraumatic tooth extraction:a clinical report[J].JProsthet Dent,2012,108(6):339-343.
[14]Fickl S,Zuhr O,Wachtel H,et al.Tissue alterations after tooth extraction with and without surgical trauma:a volumetric study in the beagle dog[J].J Clin Periodontol,2008,35(4):356-363.
[15]Araújo MG,Lindhe J.Ridge alterations following tooth extraction with and without flap elevation:an experimental study in the dog[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2009,20(6):545-549.
[16]Vignoletti F,Matesanz P,Rodrigo D,et al.Surgical protocols for ridge preservation after tooth extraction.A systematic review[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2012,23(Suppl 5):22-38.
[17]Darby I,Chen ST,Buser D.Ridge preservation techniques for implant therapy[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,2009,24(Suppl):260-271.
[18]Alharbi HM,Babay N,Alzoman H,et al.Bone morphology changes around two types of bone-level implants installed in fresh extraction sockets-a histomorphometric study in Beagle dogs[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2015,26(9):1106-1112.
[19]Engelhardt S,Papacosta P,Rathe F,et al.Annual failure rates and marginal bone-level changes of immediate compared to conventional loading of dental implants.A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2015,26(6):671-687.
[20]Mercier P,Inoue S.Bone density and serum minerals in cases of residual alveolar ridge atrophy[J].J Prosthetic Dent,1981,46(3):250-255.
[21]Kribbs PJ,Smith DE,Chesnut CH.Oral findings in osteoporosis.PartⅡ:Relationship between residual ridge and alveolar bone resorption and generalized skeletal osteopenia[J].J Prosthet Dent,1983,50(5):719-724.
[22]Ortman LF,Hausmann E,Dunford RG.Skeletal osteopenia and residual ridge resorption[J].J Prosthet Dent,1989,61(3):321-325.
[23]Hong HH,Yen TH,Hong A,et al.Association of vitamin D3 with alveolar bone regeneration in dogs[J].J Cell Mol Med,2015,19(6):1208-1217.
[24]Kuroshima S,Al-Salihi Z,Yamashita J.Parathyroid hormone related to bone regeneration in grafted and nongrafted tooth extraction sockets in rats[J].Implant Dent,2013,22(1):71-76.
[25]Devlin H,Ferguson MW.Alveolar ridge resorption and mandibular atrophy.A review of the role of local and systemic factors[J].Br Dent J,1991,170(3):101-104.
[26]Fenton AH,Elkassem M.The effect of fluoride on postextraction alveolar resorption in the rat[J].J Dent Res,1984,63:329.
[27]Ortman LF,Casey DM,Deers M.Bioelectric stimulation and residual ridge resorption[J].J Prosthet Dent,1992,67(1):67-71.
[28]Ozkan A,Bayar GR,Altug HA,et al.The effect of cigarette smoking on the healing of extraction sockets:an immunohistochemical study[J].J Craniofac Surg,2014,25(4):e397-e402.
[29]Br?gger U,Schild U,Lang NP.Effect of chlorhexidine(0.12%)rinses on periodontal tissue healing after tooth extraction[J].J Clin Periodontol,1994,21(6):422-430.
[30]Sj?str?m M,Sennerby L,Lundgren S.Bone graft healing in reconstruction of maxillary atrophy[J].Clin Implant Dent Relat Res,2013,15(3):367-379.
[31]Burg KJ,Porter S,Kellam JF.Biomaterial developments for bone tissue engineering[J].Biomaterials,2000,21(23):2347-2359.
[32]Borg TD,Mealey BL.Histologic healing following tooth extraction with ridge preservation using mineralized versus combined mineralized-demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft:a randomized controlled clinical trial[J].J Periodontol,2015,86(3):348-355.
[33]Shao S,Li B,Xue HM,et al.Effects of alveolar ridge preservation on delayed implant osseointegration[J].Int J Clin Expe Med,2015,8(7):10773-10778.
[34]Serino G,Biancu S,Iezzi G,et al.Ridge preservation following tooth extraction using a polylactide and polyglycolide sponge as space filler:a clinical and histological study in humans[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2003,14(5):651-658.
[35]Leventis MD,Fairbairn P,Kakar A,et al.Minimally invasive alveolar ridge preservation utilizing an in situ hardeningβ-tricalcium phosphate bone substitute:a multicenter case series[J].Int J Dent,2016,2016:5406736.
[36]Arbab H,Greenwell H,Hill M,et al.Ridge preservation comparing a nonresorbable PTFE membrane to a resorbable collagen membrane:a clinical and histologic study in humans[J].Implant Dent,2016,25(1):128-134.
[37]Carmagnola D,Adriaens P,Berglundh T.Healing of human extraction sockets filled with Bio-Oss[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2003,14(2):137-143.
[38]Geurs N,Ntounis A,Vassilopoulos P,et al.Using growth factors in human extraction sockets:a histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of short-term healing[J].Int JOral Maxillofac Implants,2014,29(2):485-496.
[39]Hatakeyama I,Marukawa E,Takahashi Y,et al.Effects of platelet-poor plasma,platelet-rich plasma,and platelet-rich fibrin on healing of extraction sockets with buccal dehiscence in dogs[J].Tissue Eng Part A,2013,20(3/4):874-882.
[40]Schliephake H.Clinical efficacy of growth factors to enhance tissue repair in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction:a systematic review[J].Clin Implant Dent Relat Res,2015,17(2):247-273.
[41]Urist MR,Strates BS.Bone morphogenetic protein[J].J Dent Res,1971,50(6):1392-1406.
[42]Coomes AM,Mealey BL,Huynh-Ba G,et al.Buccal bone formation after flapless extraction:a randomized,controlled clinical trial comparing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/absorbable collagen carrier and collagen sponge alone[J].J Periodontol,2014,85(4):525-535.
[43]Carreira AC,Lojudice FH,Halcsik E,et al.Bone morphogenetic proteins:facts,challenges,and future perspectives[J].J Dent Res,2014,93(4):335-345.
[44]Arai Y,Aoki K,Shimizu Y,et al.Peptide-induced de novo bone formation after tooth extraction prevents alveolar bone loss in a murine tooth extraction model[J].Eur J Pharmacol,2016,782:89-97.
[45]Li Q,Pan S,Dangaria SJ,et al.Platelet-rich fibrin promotes periodontal regeneration and enhances alveolar bone augmentation[J].Biomed Res Int,2013:638043.
[46]Qin L,Yao D,Zheng L,et al.Phytomoleculeicaritin incorporated PLGA/TCP scaffold for steroid-associated osteonecrosis:proof-of-concept for prevention of hip joint collapse in bipedal emus and mechanistic study in quadrupedal rabbits[J].Biomaterials,2015,59:125-143.
[47]Bennett SM,Arumugam M,Wilberforce S,et al.The effect of particle size on the in vivo degradation of poly(d,l-lactideco-glycolide)/α-tricalcium phosphate micro-and nanocomposites[J].Acta biomater,2016,45:340-348.
[48]Perelman-Karmon M,Kozlovsky A,Liloy R,et al.Socket site preservation using bovine bone mineral with and without a bioresorbable collagen membrane[J].Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent,2012,32(4):459-465.
[49]Maiorana C,Poli PP,Deflorian M,et al.Alveolar socket preservation with demineralised bovine bone mineral and a collagen matrix[J].J Periodontal Implant Sci,2017,47(4):194-210.
[50]Shi B,Zhou Y,Wang YN,et al.Alveolar ridge preservation prior to implant placement with surgical-grade calcium sulfate and platelet-rich plasma:a pilot study in a canine model[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,2007,22(4):656-665.
[51]Kim CM,Ullah A,Chang CH,et al.Preparation of lidocaineloaded porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)microparticles using microfluidic flow focusing and phosphate buffer solution porogen[J].Int J Precis Eng Manuf,2017,18(4):599-604.
[2]Barone A,Ricci M,Tonelli P,et al.Tissue changes of extraction sockets in humans:a comparison of spontaneous healing vs.ridge preservation with secondary soft tissue healing[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2013,24(11):1231-1237.
[3]Jung RE,Philipp A,Annen BM,et al.Radiographic evaluation of different techniques for ridge preservation after tooth extraction:a randomized controlled clinical trial[J].JClin Periodontol,2013,40(1):90-98.
[4]Avila-Ortiz G,Elangovan S,Kramer KW,et al.Effect of alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].J Dent Res,2014,93(10):950-958.
[5]Amler MH.The time sequence of tissue regeneration in human extraction wounds[J].Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol,1969,27(3):309-318.
[6]Sbordone C,Toti P,Martuscelli R,et al.Retrospective volume analysis of bone remodeling after tooth extraction with and without deproteinized bovine bone mineral insertion[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2016,27(9):1152-1159.
[7]Tan WL,Wong TL,Wong MC,et al.A systematic review of post-extractional alveolar hard and soft tissue dimensional changes in humans[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2012,23(Suppl 5):1-21.
[8]Tallgren A.Alveolar bone loss in denture wearers as related to facial morphology[J].Acta Odontol Scand,1970,28(2):251-270.
[9]Cardaropoli D,Tamagnone L,Roffredo A,et al.Relationship between the buccal bone plate thickness and the healing of postextraction sockets with/without ridge preservation[J].Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent,2014,34(2):211-217.
[10]Spinato S,Galindo-Moreno P,Zaffe D,et al.Is socket healing conditioned by buccal plate thickness?A clinical and histologic study 4 months after mineralized human bone allografting[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2014,25(2):e120-e126.
[11]Cook DR,Mealey BL,Verrett RG,et al.Relationship between clinical periodontal biotype and labial plate thickness:an in vivo study[J].Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent,2011,31(4):345-354.
[12]Atwood DA,Coy WA.Clinical,cephalometric,and densitometric study of reduction of residual ridges[J].J Prosthet Dent,1971,26(3):280-295.
[13]Papadimitriou DE,Geminiani A,Zahavi T,et al.Sonosurgery for atraumatic tooth extraction:a clinical report[J].JProsthet Dent,2012,108(6):339-343.
[14]Fickl S,Zuhr O,Wachtel H,et al.Tissue alterations after tooth extraction with and without surgical trauma:a volumetric study in the beagle dog[J].J Clin Periodontol,2008,35(4):356-363.
[15]Araújo MG,Lindhe J.Ridge alterations following tooth extraction with and without flap elevation:an experimental study in the dog[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2009,20(6):545-549.
[16]Vignoletti F,Matesanz P,Rodrigo D,et al.Surgical protocols for ridge preservation after tooth extraction.A systematic review[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2012,23(Suppl 5):22-38.
[17]Darby I,Chen ST,Buser D.Ridge preservation techniques for implant therapy[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,2009,24(Suppl):260-271.
[18]Alharbi HM,Babay N,Alzoman H,et al.Bone morphology changes around two types of bone-level implants installed in fresh extraction sockets-a histomorphometric study in Beagle dogs[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2015,26(9):1106-1112.
[19]Engelhardt S,Papacosta P,Rathe F,et al.Annual failure rates and marginal bone-level changes of immediate compared to conventional loading of dental implants.A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2015,26(6):671-687.
[20]Mercier P,Inoue S.Bone density and serum minerals in cases of residual alveolar ridge atrophy[J].J Prosthetic Dent,1981,46(3):250-255.
[21]Kribbs PJ,Smith DE,Chesnut CH.Oral findings in osteoporosis.PartⅡ:Relationship between residual ridge and alveolar bone resorption and generalized skeletal osteopenia[J].J Prosthet Dent,1983,50(5):719-724.
[22]Ortman LF,Hausmann E,Dunford RG.Skeletal osteopenia and residual ridge resorption[J].J Prosthet Dent,1989,61(3):321-325.
[23]Hong HH,Yen TH,Hong A,et al.Association of vitamin D3 with alveolar bone regeneration in dogs[J].J Cell Mol Med,2015,19(6):1208-1217.
[24]Kuroshima S,Al-Salihi Z,Yamashita J.Parathyroid hormone related to bone regeneration in grafted and nongrafted tooth extraction sockets in rats[J].Implant Dent,2013,22(1):71-76.
[25]Devlin H,Ferguson MW.Alveolar ridge resorption and mandibular atrophy.A review of the role of local and systemic factors[J].Br Dent J,1991,170(3):101-104.
[26]Fenton AH,Elkassem M.The effect of fluoride on postextraction alveolar resorption in the rat[J].J Dent Res,1984,63:329.
[27]Ortman LF,Casey DM,Deers M.Bioelectric stimulation and residual ridge resorption[J].J Prosthet Dent,1992,67(1):67-71.
[28]Ozkan A,Bayar GR,Altug HA,et al.The effect of cigarette smoking on the healing of extraction sockets:an immunohistochemical study[J].J Craniofac Surg,2014,25(4):e397-e402.
[29]Br?gger U,Schild U,Lang NP.Effect of chlorhexidine(0.12%)rinses on periodontal tissue healing after tooth extraction[J].J Clin Periodontol,1994,21(6):422-430.
[30]Sj?str?m M,Sennerby L,Lundgren S.Bone graft healing in reconstruction of maxillary atrophy[J].Clin Implant Dent Relat Res,2013,15(3):367-379.
[31]Burg KJ,Porter S,Kellam JF.Biomaterial developments for bone tissue engineering[J].Biomaterials,2000,21(23):2347-2359.
[32]Borg TD,Mealey BL.Histologic healing following tooth extraction with ridge preservation using mineralized versus combined mineralized-demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft:a randomized controlled clinical trial[J].J Periodontol,2015,86(3):348-355.
[33]Shao S,Li B,Xue HM,et al.Effects of alveolar ridge preservation on delayed implant osseointegration[J].Int J Clin Expe Med,2015,8(7):10773-10778.
[34]Serino G,Biancu S,Iezzi G,et al.Ridge preservation following tooth extraction using a polylactide and polyglycolide sponge as space filler:a clinical and histological study in humans[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2003,14(5):651-658.
[35]Leventis MD,Fairbairn P,Kakar A,et al.Minimally invasive alveolar ridge preservation utilizing an in situ hardeningβ-tricalcium phosphate bone substitute:a multicenter case series[J].Int J Dent,2016,2016:5406736.
[36]Arbab H,Greenwell H,Hill M,et al.Ridge preservation comparing a nonresorbable PTFE membrane to a resorbable collagen membrane:a clinical and histologic study in humans[J].Implant Dent,2016,25(1):128-134.
[37]Carmagnola D,Adriaens P,Berglundh T.Healing of human extraction sockets filled with Bio-Oss[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2003,14(2):137-143.
[38]Geurs N,Ntounis A,Vassilopoulos P,et al.Using growth factors in human extraction sockets:a histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of short-term healing[J].Int JOral Maxillofac Implants,2014,29(2):485-496.
[39]Hatakeyama I,Marukawa E,Takahashi Y,et al.Effects of platelet-poor plasma,platelet-rich plasma,and platelet-rich fibrin on healing of extraction sockets with buccal dehiscence in dogs[J].Tissue Eng Part A,2013,20(3/4):874-882.
[40]Schliephake H.Clinical efficacy of growth factors to enhance tissue repair in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction:a systematic review[J].Clin Implant Dent Relat Res,2015,17(2):247-273.
[41]Urist MR,Strates BS.Bone morphogenetic protein[J].J Dent Res,1971,50(6):1392-1406.
[42]Coomes AM,Mealey BL,Huynh-Ba G,et al.Buccal bone formation after flapless extraction:a randomized,controlled clinical trial comparing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/absorbable collagen carrier and collagen sponge alone[J].J Periodontol,2014,85(4):525-535.
[43]Carreira AC,Lojudice FH,Halcsik E,et al.Bone morphogenetic proteins:facts,challenges,and future perspectives[J].J Dent Res,2014,93(4):335-345.
[44]Arai Y,Aoki K,Shimizu Y,et al.Peptide-induced de novo bone formation after tooth extraction prevents alveolar bone loss in a murine tooth extraction model[J].Eur J Pharmacol,2016,782:89-97.
[45]Li Q,Pan S,Dangaria SJ,et al.Platelet-rich fibrin promotes periodontal regeneration and enhances alveolar bone augmentation[J].Biomed Res Int,2013:638043.
[46]Qin L,Yao D,Zheng L,et al.Phytomoleculeicaritin incorporated PLGA/TCP scaffold for steroid-associated osteonecrosis:proof-of-concept for prevention of hip joint collapse in bipedal emus and mechanistic study in quadrupedal rabbits[J].Biomaterials,2015,59:125-143.
[47]Bennett SM,Arumugam M,Wilberforce S,et al.The effect of particle size on the in vivo degradation of poly(d,l-lactideco-glycolide)/α-tricalcium phosphate micro-and nanocomposites[J].Acta biomater,2016,45:340-348.
[48]Perelman-Karmon M,Kozlovsky A,Liloy R,et al.Socket site preservation using bovine bone mineral with and without a bioresorbable collagen membrane[J].Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent,2012,32(4):459-465.
[49]Maiorana C,Poli PP,Deflorian M,et al.Alveolar socket preservation with demineralised bovine bone mineral and a collagen matrix[J].J Periodontal Implant Sci,2017,47(4):194-210.
[50]Shi B,Zhou Y,Wang YN,et al.Alveolar ridge preservation prior to implant placement with surgical-grade calcium sulfate and platelet-rich plasma:a pilot study in a canine model[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,2007,22(4):656-665.
[51]Kim CM,Ullah A,Chang CH,et al.Preparation of lidocaineloaded porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)microparticles using microfluidic flow focusing and phosphate buffer solution porogen[J].Int J Precis Eng Manuf,2017,18(4):599-604.