Prevalence of physical fitness in Chinese school-aged children: Findings from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study
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摘要
Purpose: This study was to present the 2016 prevalence estimates of Chinese school-aged children meeting physical fitness standards and to examine differences by sex and residence locales in children who did not meet fitness standards.Methods: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 171,991 children and adolescents(boy: 50.0%, Grades 1–12) who participated in the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study. The main outcomes were fitness measures, assessed by the 2014 revised Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard(CNSPFS), covering areas of aerobic capacity, upper body strength, flexibility, body mass index,abdominal strength, and trunk strength. Children's overall physical fitness performance was categorized, per CNSPFS standards, as excellent,good, pass, or no pass. Data on the prevalence of physical fitness categories and not meeting fitness standards(i.e., among children who received a "no pass" mark) were analyzed, through logistic regression, by sex(boy, girl) and residence locales(urban, rural) across 3 school grades(primary,junior middle, and junior high).Results: In 2016, 5.95% of Chinese children and adolescents achieved an "excellent" mark, 25.80% received a "good" rating, 59.90% received a "pass", and 8.35% received a "no pass". Overall, boys were more likely to not pass the fitness standards compared with girls(adjusted odds ratio(a OR) = 1.710; 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.708–1.712) and children living in urban areas were more likely to not pass the standards than those living in rural areas(a OR = 1.298; 95%CI: 1.296–1.299). Consistent patterns of not meeting fitness standards were also found by sex and residence locales across all 3 school grades.Conclusion: In the Chinese school-aged population, about 3 in 10 children achieved an "excellent" or "good" fitness standard in 2016, and about8% of this population did not meet CNSPFS standards. Children living in urban areas were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels, and boys in school were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels than girls.
Purpose: This study was to present the 2016 prevalence estimates of Chinese school-aged children meeting physical fitness standards and to examine differences by sex and residence locales in children who did not meet fitness standards.Methods: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 171,991 children and adolescents(boy: 50.0%, Grades 1–12) who participated in the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study. The main outcomes were fitness measures, assessed by the 2014 revised Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard(CNSPFS), covering areas of aerobic capacity, upper body strength, flexibility, body mass index,abdominal strength, and trunk strength. Children's overall physical fitness performance was categorized, per CNSPFS standards, as excellent,good, pass, or no pass. Data on the prevalence of physical fitness categories and not meeting fitness standards(i.e., among children who received a "no pass" mark) were analyzed, through logistic regression, by sex(boy, girl) and residence locales(urban, rural) across 3 school grades(primary,junior middle, and junior high).Results: In 2016, 5.95% of Chinese children and adolescents achieved an "excellent" mark, 25.80% received a "good" rating, 59.90% received a "pass", and 8.35% received a "no pass". Overall, boys were more likely to not pass the fitness standards compared with girls(adjusted odds ratio(a OR) = 1.710; 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.708–1.712) and children living in urban areas were more likely to not pass the standards than those living in rural areas(a OR = 1.298; 95%CI: 1.296–1.299). Consistent patterns of not meeting fitness standards were also found by sex and residence locales across all 3 school grades.Conclusion: In the Chinese school-aged population, about 3 in 10 children achieved an "excellent" or "good" fitness standard in 2016, and about8% of this population did not meet CNSPFS standards. Children living in urban areas were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels, and boys in school were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels than girls.
Purpose: This study was to present the 2016 prevalence estimates of Chinese school-aged children meeting physical fitness standards and to examine differences by sex and residence locales in children who did not meet fitness standards.Methods: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 171,991 children and adolescents(boy: 50.0%, Grades 1–12) who participated in the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study. The main outcomes were fitness measures, assessed by the 2014 revised Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard(CNSPFS), covering areas of aerobic capacity, upper body strength, flexibility, body mass index,abdominal strength, and trunk strength. Children's overall physical fitness performance was categorized, per CNSPFS standards, as excellent,good, pass, or no pass. Data on the prevalence of physical fitness categories and not meeting fitness standards(i.e., among children who received a "no pass" mark) were analyzed, through logistic regression, by sex(boy, girl) and residence locales(urban, rural) across 3 school grades(primary,junior middle, and junior high).Results: In 2016, 5.95% of Chinese children and adolescents achieved an "excellent" mark, 25.80% received a "good" rating, 59.90% received a "pass", and 8.35% received a "no pass". Overall, boys were more likely to not pass the fitness standards compared with girls(adjusted odds ratio(a OR) = 1.710; 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.708–1.712) and children living in urban areas were more likely to not pass the standards than those living in rural areas(a OR = 1.298; 95%CI: 1.296–1.299). Consistent patterns of not meeting fitness standards were also found by sex and residence locales across all 3 school grades.Conclusion: In the Chinese school-aged population, about 3 in 10 children achieved an "excellent" or "good" fitness standard in 2016, and about8% of this population did not meet CNSPFS standards. Children living in urban areas were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels, and boys in school were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels than girls.
引文
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5.La Vigne T,Hoza B,Smith A,Shoulberg EK,Bukowski W.Associations between physical fitness and children’s psychological well-being.J Clin Sport Psych 2016;10:32-47.
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14.Liu Y,Tang Y,Cao ZB,Chen PJ,Zhang JL,Zhu Z,et al.Results from Shanghai’s(China)2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth.J Phys Activ Health 2016;13(Suppl.2):S124-8.
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21.Cai Y,Zhu X,Wu X.Overweight,obesity,and screen-time viewing among Chinese school-aged children:national prevalence estimates from the 2016Physical Activity and Fitness in China-The Youth Study.J Sport Health Sci 2017;6:404-9.
22.Zhang X,Song Y,Yang TB,Zhang B,Dong B,Ma J.Analysis of current situation of physical activity and influencing factors in Chinese primary and middle school students in 2010.Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi2012;46:781-8.[in Chinese].
23.Tremblay MS,Shields M,Laviolette M,Craig CL,Janssen I,Connor Gorber S.Fitness of Canadian children and youth:results from the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey.Health Rep2010;21:7-20.
24.National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China.Statistical Communiquéof the People’s Republic of China on the 2016 National Economic and Social Development.Available at:http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201702/t20170228_1467424.html;2017[accessed10.08.2017].
2.Donnelly JE,Castelli D,Hillman CH,Castelli D,Etnier JL,Lee S,et al.Physical activity,fitness,cognitive function,and academic achievement in children:a systematic review.Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016;48:1223-4.
3.Chaddock L,Hillman CH,Pontifex MB,Johnson CR,Raine LB,Karmer AF.Childhood aerobic fitness predicts cognitive performance one year later.J Sports Sci 2012;30:421-30.
4.Shang X,Liu A,Li Y,Hu X,Du L,Ma J,et al.The association of weight status with physical fitness among Chinese children.Int J Pediatr2010;515414:2010.doi:10.1155/2010/515414
5.La Vigne T,Hoza B,Smith A,Shoulberg EK,Bukowski W.Associations between physical fitness and children’s psychological well-being.J Clin Sport Psych 2016;10:32-47.
6.Cottrell LA,Northrup K,Wittberg R.The extended relationship between child cardiovascular risks and academic performance measures.Obesity(Silver Spring)2007;15:3170-7.
7.Davis CL,Cooper S.Fitness,fatness,cognition,behavior,and academic achievement among overweight children:do cross-sectional associations correspond to exercise trial outcomes?Pre Med 2011;52(Suppl.1):S65-9.
8.Chaddock L,Neider MB,Lutz A,Hillman CH,Karmer AF.Role of childhood aerobic fitness in successful street crossing.Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:749-53.
9.Carnethon MR,Gulati M,Greenland P.Prevalence and cardiovascular disease correlates of low cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents and adults.JAMA 2005;294:2981-8.
10.Research Group on Chinese School Students Physical Fitness and Health.Report on the physical fitness and health surveillance of Chinese school students in 2005.Beijing:Higher Education Press;2007.[In Chinese].
11.Research Group on Chinese School Students Physical Fitness and Health.Report on the physical fitness and health surveillance of Chinese school students in 2010.Beijing:Higher Education Press;2012.[in Chinese].
12.Research Group on Chinese School Students Physical Fitness and Health.Report on the physical fitness and health surveillance of Chinese school students in 2014.Beijing:Higher Education Press;2016.[in Chinese].
13.Cui Z,Hardy LL,Dibley MJ,Bauman A.Temporal trends and recent correlates in sedentary behaviours in Chinese children.Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011;8:93.doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-93
14.Liu Y,Tang Y,Cao ZB,Chen PJ,Zhang JL,Zhu Z,et al.Results from Shanghai’s(China)2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth.J Phys Activ Health 2016;13(Suppl.2):S124-8.
15.Wang C,Chen P,Zhuang J.A national survey of physical activity and sedentary behavior of Chinese city children and youth using accelerometers.Res Q Exerc Sport 2013;84(Suppl.2):S12-28.
16.Sun H,Ma Y,Han D,Pan C,Xu Y.Prevalence and trends in obesity among China’s children and adolescents,1985-2010.PLo S One2014;9:e105469.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105469
17.Zong XN,Li H.Physical growth of children and adolescents in China over the past 35 years.Bull World Health Org 2014;92:555-64.
18.Fan X,Cao ZB.Physical activity among Chinese school-aged children:national prevalence estimates from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China-The Youth Study.J Sport Health Sci 2017;6:388-94.
19.Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China.Notice of the Ministry of Education on the National Student Physical Fitness Standard(Revised 2014).Available at:http://www.moe.edu.cn/s78/A17/twys_left/moe_938/moe_792/s3273/201407/t20140708_171692.html;2014[accessed 01.08.2017].
20.Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,State Council of China.Healthy China 2030 Blueprint Guide.Available at:http://news.xinhuanet.com/health/2016-10/25/c_1119786029.htm;2017[accessed01.08.2017].
21.Cai Y,Zhu X,Wu X.Overweight,obesity,and screen-time viewing among Chinese school-aged children:national prevalence estimates from the 2016Physical Activity and Fitness in China-The Youth Study.J Sport Health Sci 2017;6:404-9.
22.Zhang X,Song Y,Yang TB,Zhang B,Dong B,Ma J.Analysis of current situation of physical activity and influencing factors in Chinese primary and middle school students in 2010.Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi2012;46:781-8.[in Chinese].
23.Tremblay MS,Shields M,Laviolette M,Craig CL,Janssen I,Connor Gorber S.Fitness of Canadian children and youth:results from the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey.Health Rep2010;21:7-20.
24.National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China.Statistical Communiquéof the People’s Republic of China on the 2016 National Economic and Social Development.Available at:http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201702/t20170228_1467424.html;2017[accessed10.08.2017].