Three-dimensional numerical simulation of flow in trapezoidal cutthroat flumes based on FLOW-3D
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摘要
To solve the common problem of flumes flowmeasurement accuracy without sacrificing water head, a new type of trapezoidal cutthroat flume to measure the discharge in terminal trapezoidal channels is presented.Using the computational fluid dynamic method, threedimensional flow fields in trapezoidal cutthroat flumes were simulated using the RNG k-ε three-dimensional turbulence model along with the Tru VOF technique.Simulations were performed for 12 working conditions,with discharges up to 0.075 m3$s–1 to determine hydraulic performance. Experimental data for the trapezoidal cutthroat flume in terminal trapezoidal channel were also obtained to validate the simulation results. Velocity distribution of the flume obtained from simulation analyses were compared with observed results based on timeaveraged flow field and comparison yielded a solid agreement between results from the two methods, with relative error below 10%. The results indicated that the Froude number and the longitudinal average velocity increased along the convergence section and decreased in the divergent section. In the upper throat, the Froude number was less than 0.5, which meets the water measurement requirement, and the critical flow appeared near the throat section. The maximum water head loss of the trapezoidal cutthroat flume was less than 9% of the total head, compared to the rectangular cutthroat flume,and head loss of trapezoidal cutthroat flume was significantly less. Regression models developed for upstream depth versus discharge under different working conditions were satisfactory, with a relative error of less than 2.06%, which meets the common requirements of flow measurement in irrigation areas. It was concluded that trapezoidal cutthroat flumes can improve flow-measurement accuracy without sacrificing water head.
To solve the common problem of flumes flowmeasurement accuracy without sacrificing water head, a new type of trapezoidal cutthroat flume to measure the discharge in terminal trapezoidal channels is presented.Using the computational fluid dynamic method, threedimensional flow fields in trapezoidal cutthroat flumes were simulated using the RNG k-ε three-dimensional turbulence model along with the Tru VOF technique.Simulations were performed for 12 working conditions,with discharges up to 0.075 m3$s–1 to determine hydraulic performance. Experimental data for the trapezoidal cutthroat flume in terminal trapezoidal channel were also obtained to validate the simulation results. Velocity distribution of the flume obtained from simulation analyses were compared with observed results based on timeaveraged flow field and comparison yielded a solid agreement between results from the two methods, with relative error below 10%. The results indicated that the Froude number and the longitudinal average velocity increased along the convergence section and decreased in the divergent section. In the upper throat, the Froude number was less than 0.5, which meets the water measurement requirement, and the critical flow appeared near the throat section. The maximum water head loss of the trapezoidal cutthroat flume was less than 9% of the total head, compared to the rectangular cutthroat flume,and head loss of trapezoidal cutthroat flume was significantly less. Regression models developed for upstream depth versus discharge under different working conditions were satisfactory, with a relative error of less than 2.06%, which meets the common requirements of flow measurement in irrigation areas. It was concluded that trapezoidal cutthroat flumes can improve flow-measurement accuracy without sacrificing water head.
To solve the common problem of flumes flowmeasurement accuracy without sacrificing water head, a new type of trapezoidal cutthroat flume to measure the discharge in terminal trapezoidal channels is presented.Using the computational fluid dynamic method, threedimensional flow fields in trapezoidal cutthroat flumes were simulated using the RNG k-ε three-dimensional turbulence model along with the Tru VOF technique.Simulations were performed for 12 working conditions,with discharges up to 0.075 m3$s–1 to determine hydraulic performance. Experimental data for the trapezoidal cutthroat flume in terminal trapezoidal channel were also obtained to validate the simulation results. Velocity distribution of the flume obtained from simulation analyses were compared with observed results based on timeaveraged flow field and comparison yielded a solid agreement between results from the two methods, with relative error below 10%. The results indicated that the Froude number and the longitudinal average velocity increased along the convergence section and decreased in the divergent section. In the upper throat, the Froude number was less than 0.5, which meets the water measurement requirement, and the critical flow appeared near the throat section. The maximum water head loss of the trapezoidal cutthroat flume was less than 9% of the total head, compared to the rectangular cutthroat flume,and head loss of trapezoidal cutthroat flume was significantly less. Regression models developed for upstream depth versus discharge under different working conditions were satisfactory, with a relative error of less than 2.06%, which meets the common requirements of flow measurement in irrigation areas. It was concluded that trapezoidal cutthroat flumes can improve flow-measurement accuracy without sacrificing water head.
引文
1.Galán-Martín A,Vaskan P,Vallejo A,Esteller L J,Guillén-Gosálbez G.Multi-objective optimization of rainfed and irrigated agricultural areas considering production and environmental criteria:a case study of wheat production in Spain.Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,140(2):816-830
2.Wang Y B,Liu D,Cao X C.Agricultural water rights trading and virtual water export compensation coupling model:a case study of an irrigation district in China.Agricultural Water Management,2017,180(Part A):99-106
3.Valipour M.Increasing irrigation efficiency by management strategies:cutback and surge irrigation.Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science,2013,8(1):35-43
4.Wang C D.Water measurement technique and measure.Beijing:Water and Power Press,2005(in Chinese)
5.Samani Z,Magallanez H.Closure to“Simple flume for flow measurement in open channel”by Zohrab Samani and Henry Magallanez.Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2002,128(2):129-131
6.Cone V M.The Venturi flume.Journal of Agricultural Research,1917,6(4):115-129
7.Parshall R L.The improved Venturi flume.Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers,1926,89(1):841-851
8.Skogerboe G V,Hyatt M L.Rectangular cutthroat flow measuring flumes.Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers,1967,93(IR4):1-13
9.Clemmens A J,Bos M G,Replogle J A.RBC broad-crested weirs for circular sewers and pipes.Journal of Hydrology,1984,68(1-4):349-368
10.Lv H X,Pei G X,Yang L X.Hydraulics.Beijing:Agriculture Press,2011(in Chinese)
11.Parshall R L.Parshall measuring flume.Colorado Experiment Station Bulletin,1936,423
12.Hager W H.Modified Venturi channel.Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1985,111(1):19-35
13.Jesson M,Sterling M,Baker D.Application of ISO4359 for discharge calculation in a narrow flume.Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2017,54:283-287
14.Das R,Nayek M,Das S,Dutta P,Mazumdar A.Design and analysis of 0.127 m(5″)cutthroat flume.Ain Shams Engineering Journal,2017,8(3):295-303
15.Mazumdar A,Dutta P,Nayek M.Calibration and Discharge Measurement Using 0.127 Meter(5″)Parshall Flume.Iahr World Congress,2017
16.Jing S Y,Wang L,Du H,Wei G.Applications of FLOW-3D in numerical simulation of fluid-structure interaction.The 13th National Hydrodynamic Academic Conference and the TwentySixth National Hydrodynamics Seminar,2017,423-428
17.FLOW-3D?User Manual.FLOW-3D User Manual.Flow Science,2016
18.Yakhot V,Orszag S A.Renormalization group analysis of turbulence I.Basic theory.Plenum Press,1986
19.Xiao Y,Zhang J B,Yao B,Guan Y.Assembly and simulation analysis of shear-sheet machine based on Pro/E.Procedia Engineering,2011,16(1):535-539
20.Bayon A,Toro J P,Bombardelli F A,Matos J,López-Jiménez P A.Influence of VOF technique,turbulence model and discretization scheme on the numerical simulation of the non-aerated,skimming flow in stepped spillways.Journal of Hydro-environment Research,2017.doi:10.1016/j.jher.2017.10.002
21.Wan B L,He W X,Chen C Y.Assembly process bill of material construction technology for dpacecraft assembly and integration based on proengineer.Joint International Information Technology,Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Conference,2017
22.Pan Z B,LüH X,Zhang X F.Experiment on airfoil-shaped measuring flume in trapezoidal canal.Transactions of The Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(12):97-100(in Chinese)
23.Najafi-Jilani A,Niri M Z,Naderi N.Simulating three-dimensional wave run-up over breakwaters covered by antifer units.International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,2014,6(2):297-306
24.Duguay J M,Lacey R W J,Gaucher J.A case study of a pool and weir fishway modeled with open foam and FLOW-3D.Ecological Engineering,2017,103:31-42
25.Cui W,Song H F.CFD simulation of fresh self-compacting concrete flow and casting process.Concrete,2017,1(8):111-115
26.Xiao Y Z,Wang W N,Hu X,Zhou Y.Experimental and numerical research on portable short-throat flume in the field.Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2016,47:54-61
27.Tekade S A,Vasudeo A D,Ghare A D,Ingle R N.Measurement of flow in supercritical flow regime using cutthroat flumes.Sādhanā,2016,41(2):265-272.
28.Samani Z.Three simple flumes for flow measurement in open channels.Journal of Irrigation&Drainage Engineering,2017,doi:org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001168
29.Hu H,Huang J,Qian Z,Yu G.Hydraulic analysis of parabolic flume for flow measurement.Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2014,37:54-64
30.Zhang L,Wu P T,Zhu D L,Zheng C.Flow regime and head loss in a drip emitter equipped with a labyrinth channel.Journal of Hydrodynamics,2016,28(4):610-616
2.Wang Y B,Liu D,Cao X C.Agricultural water rights trading and virtual water export compensation coupling model:a case study of an irrigation district in China.Agricultural Water Management,2017,180(Part A):99-106
3.Valipour M.Increasing irrigation efficiency by management strategies:cutback and surge irrigation.Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science,2013,8(1):35-43
4.Wang C D.Water measurement technique and measure.Beijing:Water and Power Press,2005(in Chinese)
5.Samani Z,Magallanez H.Closure to“Simple flume for flow measurement in open channel”by Zohrab Samani and Henry Magallanez.Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2002,128(2):129-131
6.Cone V M.The Venturi flume.Journal of Agricultural Research,1917,6(4):115-129
7.Parshall R L.The improved Venturi flume.Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers,1926,89(1):841-851
8.Skogerboe G V,Hyatt M L.Rectangular cutthroat flow measuring flumes.Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers,1967,93(IR4):1-13
9.Clemmens A J,Bos M G,Replogle J A.RBC broad-crested weirs for circular sewers and pipes.Journal of Hydrology,1984,68(1-4):349-368
10.Lv H X,Pei G X,Yang L X.Hydraulics.Beijing:Agriculture Press,2011(in Chinese)
11.Parshall R L.Parshall measuring flume.Colorado Experiment Station Bulletin,1936,423
12.Hager W H.Modified Venturi channel.Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1985,111(1):19-35
13.Jesson M,Sterling M,Baker D.Application of ISO4359 for discharge calculation in a narrow flume.Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2017,54:283-287
14.Das R,Nayek M,Das S,Dutta P,Mazumdar A.Design and analysis of 0.127 m(5″)cutthroat flume.Ain Shams Engineering Journal,2017,8(3):295-303
15.Mazumdar A,Dutta P,Nayek M.Calibration and Discharge Measurement Using 0.127 Meter(5″)Parshall Flume.Iahr World Congress,2017
16.Jing S Y,Wang L,Du H,Wei G.Applications of FLOW-3D in numerical simulation of fluid-structure interaction.The 13th National Hydrodynamic Academic Conference and the TwentySixth National Hydrodynamics Seminar,2017,423-428
17.FLOW-3D?User Manual.FLOW-3D User Manual.Flow Science,2016
18.Yakhot V,Orszag S A.Renormalization group analysis of turbulence I.Basic theory.Plenum Press,1986
19.Xiao Y,Zhang J B,Yao B,Guan Y.Assembly and simulation analysis of shear-sheet machine based on Pro/E.Procedia Engineering,2011,16(1):535-539
20.Bayon A,Toro J P,Bombardelli F A,Matos J,López-Jiménez P A.Influence of VOF technique,turbulence model and discretization scheme on the numerical simulation of the non-aerated,skimming flow in stepped spillways.Journal of Hydro-environment Research,2017.doi:10.1016/j.jher.2017.10.002
21.Wan B L,He W X,Chen C Y.Assembly process bill of material construction technology for dpacecraft assembly and integration based on proengineer.Joint International Information Technology,Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Conference,2017
22.Pan Z B,LüH X,Zhang X F.Experiment on airfoil-shaped measuring flume in trapezoidal canal.Transactions of The Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(12):97-100(in Chinese)
23.Najafi-Jilani A,Niri M Z,Naderi N.Simulating three-dimensional wave run-up over breakwaters covered by antifer units.International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,2014,6(2):297-306
24.Duguay J M,Lacey R W J,Gaucher J.A case study of a pool and weir fishway modeled with open foam and FLOW-3D.Ecological Engineering,2017,103:31-42
25.Cui W,Song H F.CFD simulation of fresh self-compacting concrete flow and casting process.Concrete,2017,1(8):111-115
26.Xiao Y Z,Wang W N,Hu X,Zhou Y.Experimental and numerical research on portable short-throat flume in the field.Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2016,47:54-61
27.Tekade S A,Vasudeo A D,Ghare A D,Ingle R N.Measurement of flow in supercritical flow regime using cutthroat flumes.Sādhanā,2016,41(2):265-272.
28.Samani Z.Three simple flumes for flow measurement in open channels.Journal of Irrigation&Drainage Engineering,2017,doi:org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001168
29.Hu H,Huang J,Qian Z,Yu G.Hydraulic analysis of parabolic flume for flow measurement.Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2014,37:54-64
30.Zhang L,Wu P T,Zhu D L,Zheng C.Flow regime and head loss in a drip emitter equipped with a labyrinth channel.Journal of Hydrodynamics,2016,28(4):610-616