Post-fire soil nutrient dynamics in a tropical dry deciduous forest of Western Ghats,India
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摘要
Background: The effect of forest fire on soil is complex and relatively less understood than its above ground effect.Understanding the effect of fire on forest soils can allow improving management of valuable forest ecosystems as adequate and proper information is very important for efficient management. We have studied the recovery of soil properties after fire, using a chronosequence approach(two, five and fifteen years after fire and control). Soil samples were collected from each plot of four fire patches(B0, B2, B5 & B15) from three different depths viz. 0–10(Top), 10–20(Middle), and 20–30 cm(Bottom).Results: Soil organic carbon was lower than unburned plots after the fire and could not recover to the level of unburned plot(B0) even in 15 years. Total N, available P, and extractable K were lower 2-years and 5-years after the fire but are higher than unburned plot after 15-years. Available nitrogen(NO_3~- and NH_4~+) remain unchanged or higher than B0 in burned patches. Soil pH, Bulk Density, Water Holding Capacity, and Electrical Conductivity was lower initially after the fire. Forest fires have affected soil properties considerably. The response of soil properties varied with years after fire and soil depth.Conclusion: Forest fires occur very frequently in the study area. Significant quantities of carbon and total nitrogen are lost to the atmosphere by burning of litter, duff, and soil OM. Because nitrogen is one of the most important soil nutrients, the recapture of N lost by volatilization during a fire must receive special attention. Long-term studies are required to better understand the recovery of soil nitrogen.
Background: The effect of forest fire on soil is complex and relatively less understood than its above ground effect.Understanding the effect of fire on forest soils can allow improving management of valuable forest ecosystems as adequate and proper information is very important for efficient management. We have studied the recovery of soil properties after fire, using a chronosequence approach(two, five and fifteen years after fire and control). Soil samples were collected from each plot of four fire patches(B0, B2, B5 & B15) from three different depths viz. 0–10(Top), 10–20(Middle), and 20–30 cm(Bottom).Results: Soil organic carbon was lower than unburned plots after the fire and could not recover to the level of unburned plot(B0) even in 15 years. Total N, available P, and extractable K were lower 2-years and 5-years after the fire but are higher than unburned plot after 15-years. Available nitrogen(NO_3~- and NH_4~+) remain unchanged or higher than B0 in burned patches. Soil pH, Bulk Density, Water Holding Capacity, and Electrical Conductivity was lower initially after the fire. Forest fires have affected soil properties considerably. The response of soil properties varied with years after fire and soil depth.Conclusion: Forest fires occur very frequently in the study area. Significant quantities of carbon and total nitrogen are lost to the atmosphere by burning of litter, duff, and soil OM. Because nitrogen is one of the most important soil nutrients, the recapture of N lost by volatilization during a fire must receive special attention. Long-term studies are required to better understand the recovery of soil nitrogen.
Background: The effect of forest fire on soil is complex and relatively less understood than its above ground effect.Understanding the effect of fire on forest soils can allow improving management of valuable forest ecosystems as adequate and proper information is very important for efficient management. We have studied the recovery of soil properties after fire, using a chronosequence approach(two, five and fifteen years after fire and control). Soil samples were collected from each plot of four fire patches(B0, B2, B5 & B15) from three different depths viz. 0–10(Top), 10–20(Middle), and 20–30 cm(Bottom).Results: Soil organic carbon was lower than unburned plots after the fire and could not recover to the level of unburned plot(B0) even in 15 years. Total N, available P, and extractable K were lower 2-years and 5-years after the fire but are higher than unburned plot after 15-years. Available nitrogen(NO_3~- and NH_4~+) remain unchanged or higher than B0 in burned patches. Soil pH, Bulk Density, Water Holding Capacity, and Electrical Conductivity was lower initially after the fire. Forest fires have affected soil properties considerably. The response of soil properties varied with years after fire and soil depth.Conclusion: Forest fires occur very frequently in the study area. Significant quantities of carbon and total nitrogen are lost to the atmosphere by burning of litter, duff, and soil OM. Because nitrogen is one of the most important soil nutrients, the recapture of N lost by volatilization during a fire must receive special attention. Long-term studies are required to better understand the recovery of soil nitrogen.
引文
Adams MA,Attiwill PM(1986)Nutrient cycling and nitrogen mineralization in eucalypt forests of South-Eastern Australia.Plant Soil 92(3):341-362
Agee JK(1993)Alternatives for implementing fire policy.In:roceedings,Symposium on fire in wilderness and park management,pp 107-112
Almendros G,González-Vila FJ,Martin F(1990)Fire-induced transformation of soil organic matter from an oak forest:an experimental approach to the effects of fire on humic substances.Soil Sci 149(3):158-168
Atkinson PM,Lewis P(2000)Geostatistical classification for remote sensing:an introduction.Comput Geosci 26:361-371
Badía D,MartíC(2003)Plant ash and heat intensity effects on chemical and physical properties of two contrasting soils.Arid Land Res Manag 17(1):23-41
Bray RH,Kurtz LT(1945)Determination of total,organic,and available forms of phosphorus in soils.Soil Sci 59(1):39-46
Cade-Menun BJ,Berch SM,Preston CM,Lavkulich LM(2000)Phosphorus forms and related soil chemistry of Podzolic soils on northern Vancouver Island.II.The effects of clear-cutting and burning.Can J For Res 30(11):1726-1741
Carter MC,Foster CD(2004)Prescribed burning and productivity in southern pine forests:a review.Forest Ecol Manag 191:93-109
Cataldo DA,Maroon M,Schrader LE,Youngs VL(1975)Rapid colorimetric determination of nitrate in plant tissue by nitration of salicylic acid 1.Communications in Soil Science&Plant Analysis 6(1):71-80
Certini G(2005)Effects of fire on properties of forest soils-a review.Oecologia143:1-10
Champion HG,Seth SK(1968)Revised forest types of India.The government of India,New Delhi,404
Clark B(2001)Soils,water,and watersheds.In:Fire Effects Guide.National Interagency Fire Center,USA
Crutzen PJ,Goldammer JG(1993)Fire in the environment:the ecological,atmospheric and climatic importance of vegetation fires.Report of the Dahlem Workshop,Berlin,15-20 March,1992.In Fire in the environment:the ecological,atmospheric and climatic importance of vegetation fires.John Wiley&Sons
Dattaraja HS,Pulla S,Mondal N,Suresh HS,Bharanaiah CMB,Sukumar R(2013)Spatial interpolation of rainfall for Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary and Tiger Reserve,Tamil Nadu,India.Indian Institute of Science,Centre for Ecological Sciences.Technical Report 130.(Bangalore)
Debano LF(1990)The effect of forest fire on soil properties.Symposium on Management and Productivity of Western-Montane Forest Soil.151-156,Boise,ID,USA
Debano LF(2000)The role of fire and soil heating on water repellency in wildland environments:a review.J Hydrol 231:195-206
Debano LF,Conrad CE(1978)The effect of fire on nutrients in a chaparral ecosystem.Ecology 59(3):489497
Debano LF,Neary DG,Ffol iott PF(1998)Fire effects on ecosystems.John Wiley&Sons,USA
Driscoll KG,Arocena JM,Massicotte HB(1999)Post-fire soil nitrogen content and vegetation composition in sub-boreal spruce forests of British Columbia's central interior,Canada.Forest Ecol Manag 121(3):227-237
Fonseca F,de Figueiredo T,Nogueira C,Queirós A(2017)Effect of prescribed fire on soil properties and soil erosion in a Mediterranean mountain area.Geoderma 307:172-180
Giovannini G,Lucchesi S,Giachetti M(1988)Effect of heating on some physical and chemical parameters related to soil aggregation and erodibility.Soil Sci146(4):255-261
González-Pérez JA,González-Vila FJ,Almendros G,Knicker H(2004)The effect of fire on soil organic matter-a review.Environ Int 30(6):855-870
Hough WA(1981)Impact of prescribed fire on understory and forest floor nutrients.Res.Note SE-303.Asheville,NC:US Department of Agriculture,Forest Service,southeastern Forest Experiment Station.4 p,303
Imeson AC,Verstraten JM,Van Mulligen EJ,Sevink J(1992)The effects of fire and water repellency on infiltration and runoff under Mediterranean type forest.Catena 19(3):345-361
Inbar A,Lado M,Sternberg M,Tenau H,Ben-Hur M(2014)Forest fire effects on soil chemical and physicochemical properties,infiltration,runoff,and erosion in a semiarid Mediterranean region.Geoderma 221:131-138
Jensen JR(2005)Introductory digital image processing:a remote sensing perspective.Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River,NJ
Jiménez-Pinilla P,Lozano E,Mataix-Solera J,Arcenegui V,Jordán A,Zavala LM(2016)Temporal changes in soil water repellency after a forest fire in a Mediterranean calcareous soil:influence of ash and different vegetation type.Sci Total Environ 572:1252-1260
Keane RE,Ryan KC,Veblen TT,Allen CD,Logan JA,Hawkes B,Barron J(2002)The cascading effects of fire exclusion in Rocky Mountain ecosystems.Rocky Mountain futures:an ecological perspective,133-152
Letey J(2001)Causes and consequences of fire-induced soil water repellency.Hydrol Process 15(15):2867-2875
Marion GM,Moreno JM,Oechel WC(1991)Fire severity,ash deposition,and clipping effects on soil nutrients in chaparral.Soil Sci Soc Am J 55(1):235-240
Meigs GW,Donato DC,Campbell JL,Martin JG,Law BE(2009)Forest fire impacts on carbon uptake,storage,and emission:the role of burn severity in the eastern cascades,Oregon.Ecosystems 12:1246-1267
Miesel JR,Goebel PC,Corace RG,Hix DM,Kolka R,Palik B,Mladenoff D(2012)Fire effects on soils in Lake states forests:a compilation of published research to facilitate long-term investigations.Forests 3:1034-1070
Murphy JD,Johnson DW,Miller WW,Walker RF,Carroll EF,Blank RR(2006)Wildfire effects on soil nutrients and leaching in a Tahoe Basin watershed.JEnviron Qual 35(2):479-489
Mutch RW(1994)Fighting fire with prescribed fire:a return to ecosystem health.J For 92:31-33
Neary DG,Klopatek CC,Debano LF,Ffol iott PF(1999)Fire effects on belowground sustainability:a review and synthesis.Forest Ecol Manag 122(1):51-71
Neff JC,Harden JW,Gleixner G(2005)Fire effects on soil organic matter content,composition,and nutrients in boreal interior Alaska.Can J For Res 35(9):2178-2187
Orioli GA,Curvetto NR(1978)The effect of fire on soil humic substances.Plant Soil 50(1-3):91-98
Schoch P,Binkley D(1986)Prescribed burning increased nitrogen availability in a mature loblolly pine stand.Forest Ecol Manag 14(1):13-22
Sertsu SM,Sánchez PA(1978)Effects of heating on some changes in soil properties in relation to an Ethiopian land management practice.Soil Sci Soc Am J 42(6):940-944
Srivastava SK,Saran S,De By RA,Dadhwal VK(2014)A geoinformation system approach for forest fire likelihood based on causative and anti-causative factors.Int J Geogr Inf Sci 28(3):427-454
Suresh HS,Dattaraja HS,Sukumar R(2010)Relationship between annual rainfall and tree mortality in a tropical dry forest:results of a 19-year study at Mudumalai,southern India.Forest Ecol Manag 259(4):762-769
Terefe T,Mariscal-Sancho I,Peregrina F,Espejo R(2008)Influence of heating on various properties of six Mediterranean soils.A laboratory study.Geoderma143(3):273-280
Thonicke K,Venevsky S,Sitch S,Cramer W(2001)The role of fire disturbance for global vegetation dynamics:coupling fire into a dynamic global vegetation model.Glob Ecol Biogeogr 10(6):661-677
Verma S,Jayakumar S(2012)Impact of forest fire on physical,chemical and biological properties of soil:a review.PIAEES 2(3):168-176
Verma S,Jayakumar S(2015)Post-fire regeneration dynamics of tree species in a tropical dry deciduous forest,Western Ghats,India.Forest Ecol Manag 341:75-82
Verma S,Jayakumar S(2018)Effect of recurrent fires on soil nutrient dynamics in a tropical dry deciduous forest of Western Ghats.India J Sustainable For:1-13.https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2018.1453842
Walkley A,Black IA(1934)An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter,and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method.Soil Sci 37(1):29-38
Weatherburn MW(1967)Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia.Anal Chem 39(8):971-974
Whelan RJ(1995)The ecology of fire.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge
Wüthrich C,Schaub D,Weber M,Marxer P,Conedera M(2002)Soil respiration and soil microbial biomass after fire in a sweet chestnut forest in southern Switzerland.Catena 48:201-215
Agee JK(1993)Alternatives for implementing fire policy.In:roceedings,Symposium on fire in wilderness and park management,pp 107-112
Almendros G,González-Vila FJ,Martin F(1990)Fire-induced transformation of soil organic matter from an oak forest:an experimental approach to the effects of fire on humic substances.Soil Sci 149(3):158-168
Atkinson PM,Lewis P(2000)Geostatistical classification for remote sensing:an introduction.Comput Geosci 26:361-371
Badía D,MartíC(2003)Plant ash and heat intensity effects on chemical and physical properties of two contrasting soils.Arid Land Res Manag 17(1):23-41
Bray RH,Kurtz LT(1945)Determination of total,organic,and available forms of phosphorus in soils.Soil Sci 59(1):39-46
Cade-Menun BJ,Berch SM,Preston CM,Lavkulich LM(2000)Phosphorus forms and related soil chemistry of Podzolic soils on northern Vancouver Island.II.The effects of clear-cutting and burning.Can J For Res 30(11):1726-1741
Carter MC,Foster CD(2004)Prescribed burning and productivity in southern pine forests:a review.Forest Ecol Manag 191:93-109
Cataldo DA,Maroon M,Schrader LE,Youngs VL(1975)Rapid colorimetric determination of nitrate in plant tissue by nitration of salicylic acid 1.Communications in Soil Science&Plant Analysis 6(1):71-80
Certini G(2005)Effects of fire on properties of forest soils-a review.Oecologia143:1-10
Champion HG,Seth SK(1968)Revised forest types of India.The government of India,New Delhi,404
Clark B(2001)Soils,water,and watersheds.In:Fire Effects Guide.National Interagency Fire Center,USA
Crutzen PJ,Goldammer JG(1993)Fire in the environment:the ecological,atmospheric and climatic importance of vegetation fires.Report of the Dahlem Workshop,Berlin,15-20 March,1992.In Fire in the environment:the ecological,atmospheric and climatic importance of vegetation fires.John Wiley&Sons
Dattaraja HS,Pulla S,Mondal N,Suresh HS,Bharanaiah CMB,Sukumar R(2013)Spatial interpolation of rainfall for Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary and Tiger Reserve,Tamil Nadu,India.Indian Institute of Science,Centre for Ecological Sciences.Technical Report 130.(Bangalore)
Debano LF(1990)The effect of forest fire on soil properties.Symposium on Management and Productivity of Western-Montane Forest Soil.151-156,Boise,ID,USA
Debano LF(2000)The role of fire and soil heating on water repellency in wildland environments:a review.J Hydrol 231:195-206
Debano LF,Conrad CE(1978)The effect of fire on nutrients in a chaparral ecosystem.Ecology 59(3):489497
Debano LF,Neary DG,Ffol iott PF(1998)Fire effects on ecosystems.John Wiley&Sons,USA
Driscoll KG,Arocena JM,Massicotte HB(1999)Post-fire soil nitrogen content and vegetation composition in sub-boreal spruce forests of British Columbia's central interior,Canada.Forest Ecol Manag 121(3):227-237
Fonseca F,de Figueiredo T,Nogueira C,Queirós A(2017)Effect of prescribed fire on soil properties and soil erosion in a Mediterranean mountain area.Geoderma 307:172-180
Giovannini G,Lucchesi S,Giachetti M(1988)Effect of heating on some physical and chemical parameters related to soil aggregation and erodibility.Soil Sci146(4):255-261
González-Pérez JA,González-Vila FJ,Almendros G,Knicker H(2004)The effect of fire on soil organic matter-a review.Environ Int 30(6):855-870
Hough WA(1981)Impact of prescribed fire on understory and forest floor nutrients.Res.Note SE-303.Asheville,NC:US Department of Agriculture,Forest Service,southeastern Forest Experiment Station.4 p,303
Imeson AC,Verstraten JM,Van Mulligen EJ,Sevink J(1992)The effects of fire and water repellency on infiltration and runoff under Mediterranean type forest.Catena 19(3):345-361
Inbar A,Lado M,Sternberg M,Tenau H,Ben-Hur M(2014)Forest fire effects on soil chemical and physicochemical properties,infiltration,runoff,and erosion in a semiarid Mediterranean region.Geoderma 221:131-138
Jensen JR(2005)Introductory digital image processing:a remote sensing perspective.Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River,NJ
Jiménez-Pinilla P,Lozano E,Mataix-Solera J,Arcenegui V,Jordán A,Zavala LM(2016)Temporal changes in soil water repellency after a forest fire in a Mediterranean calcareous soil:influence of ash and different vegetation type.Sci Total Environ 572:1252-1260
Keane RE,Ryan KC,Veblen TT,Allen CD,Logan JA,Hawkes B,Barron J(2002)The cascading effects of fire exclusion in Rocky Mountain ecosystems.Rocky Mountain futures:an ecological perspective,133-152
Letey J(2001)Causes and consequences of fire-induced soil water repellency.Hydrol Process 15(15):2867-2875
Marion GM,Moreno JM,Oechel WC(1991)Fire severity,ash deposition,and clipping effects on soil nutrients in chaparral.Soil Sci Soc Am J 55(1):235-240
Meigs GW,Donato DC,Campbell JL,Martin JG,Law BE(2009)Forest fire impacts on carbon uptake,storage,and emission:the role of burn severity in the eastern cascades,Oregon.Ecosystems 12:1246-1267
Miesel JR,Goebel PC,Corace RG,Hix DM,Kolka R,Palik B,Mladenoff D(2012)Fire effects on soils in Lake states forests:a compilation of published research to facilitate long-term investigations.Forests 3:1034-1070
Murphy JD,Johnson DW,Miller WW,Walker RF,Carroll EF,Blank RR(2006)Wildfire effects on soil nutrients and leaching in a Tahoe Basin watershed.JEnviron Qual 35(2):479-489
Mutch RW(1994)Fighting fire with prescribed fire:a return to ecosystem health.J For 92:31-33
Neary DG,Klopatek CC,Debano LF,Ffol iott PF(1999)Fire effects on belowground sustainability:a review and synthesis.Forest Ecol Manag 122(1):51-71
Neff JC,Harden JW,Gleixner G(2005)Fire effects on soil organic matter content,composition,and nutrients in boreal interior Alaska.Can J For Res 35(9):2178-2187
Orioli GA,Curvetto NR(1978)The effect of fire on soil humic substances.Plant Soil 50(1-3):91-98
Schoch P,Binkley D(1986)Prescribed burning increased nitrogen availability in a mature loblolly pine stand.Forest Ecol Manag 14(1):13-22
Sertsu SM,Sánchez PA(1978)Effects of heating on some changes in soil properties in relation to an Ethiopian land management practice.Soil Sci Soc Am J 42(6):940-944
Srivastava SK,Saran S,De By RA,Dadhwal VK(2014)A geoinformation system approach for forest fire likelihood based on causative and anti-causative factors.Int J Geogr Inf Sci 28(3):427-454
Suresh HS,Dattaraja HS,Sukumar R(2010)Relationship between annual rainfall and tree mortality in a tropical dry forest:results of a 19-year study at Mudumalai,southern India.Forest Ecol Manag 259(4):762-769
Terefe T,Mariscal-Sancho I,Peregrina F,Espejo R(2008)Influence of heating on various properties of six Mediterranean soils.A laboratory study.Geoderma143(3):273-280
Thonicke K,Venevsky S,Sitch S,Cramer W(2001)The role of fire disturbance for global vegetation dynamics:coupling fire into a dynamic global vegetation model.Glob Ecol Biogeogr 10(6):661-677
Verma S,Jayakumar S(2012)Impact of forest fire on physical,chemical and biological properties of soil:a review.PIAEES 2(3):168-176
Verma S,Jayakumar S(2015)Post-fire regeneration dynamics of tree species in a tropical dry deciduous forest,Western Ghats,India.Forest Ecol Manag 341:75-82
Verma S,Jayakumar S(2018)Effect of recurrent fires on soil nutrient dynamics in a tropical dry deciduous forest of Western Ghats.India J Sustainable For:1-13.https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2018.1453842
Walkley A,Black IA(1934)An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter,and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method.Soil Sci 37(1):29-38
Weatherburn MW(1967)Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia.Anal Chem 39(8):971-974
Whelan RJ(1995)The ecology of fire.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge
Wüthrich C,Schaub D,Weber M,Marxer P,Conedera M(2002)Soil respiration and soil microbial biomass after fire in a sweet chestnut forest in southern Switzerland.Catena 48:201-215