Recent tree growth decline unprecedented over the last four centuries in a Tibetan juniper forest
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摘要
Forest structure and function are subject to risks of growth declines from intensified drought and frequent extreme events related to climate warming.Knowledge of tree growth declines will help anticipate future responses of forests to climate change.In this study,we investigated tree growth declines over the last four centuries in a juniper forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau.By analyzing the radial growth trajectories of individual trees,we identified two events of intense growth decline,one in 1817–1830 and the other in 1969–1999 over the past four centuries.The intensity of the recent decline was unprecedented in the period under study.Ring-width chronology showed a positive correlation with self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Indices and a negative correlation with mean monthly temperatures in May and June.The recent intensified growth decline may have been due to temperatureinduced frequent droughts in the study area.Our findings suggest that trees in this juniper forest may face a higher risk of growth decline and even mortality under continued climate warming.
Forest structure and function are subject to risks of growth declines from intensified drought and frequent extreme events related to climate warming.Knowledge of tree growth declines will help anticipate future responses of forests to climate change.In this study,we investigated tree growth declines over the last four centuries in a juniper forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau.By analyzing the radial growth trajectories of individual trees,we identified two events of intense growth decline,one in 1817–1830 and the other in 1969–1999 over the past four centuries.The intensity of the recent decline was unprecedented in the period under study.Ring-width chronology showed a positive correlation with self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Indices and a negative correlation with mean monthly temperatures in May and June.The recent intensified growth decline may have been due to temperatureinduced frequent droughts in the study area.Our findings suggest that trees in this juniper forest may face a higher risk of growth decline and even mortality under continued climate warming.
Forest structure and function are subject to risks of growth declines from intensified drought and frequent extreme events related to climate warming.Knowledge of tree growth declines will help anticipate future responses of forests to climate change.In this study,we investigated tree growth declines over the last four centuries in a juniper forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau.By analyzing the radial growth trajectories of individual trees,we identified two events of intense growth decline,one in 1817–1830 and the other in 1969–1999 over the past four centuries.The intensity of the recent decline was unprecedented in the period under study.Ring-width chronology showed a positive correlation with self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Indices and a negative correlation with mean monthly temperatures in May and June.The recent intensified growth decline may have been due to temperatureinduced frequent droughts in the study area.Our findings suggest that trees in this juniper forest may face a higher risk of growth decline and even mortality under continued climate warming.
引文
Adams HD,Germino MJ,Breshears DD,Barron-Gafford GA,Guardiola-Claramonte M,Zou CB,Huxman TE(2013)Nonstructural leaf carbohydrate dynamics of Pinus edulis during drought-induced tree mortality reveal role for carbon metabolism in mortality mechanism.New Phytol 197:1142-1151
Allen CD,Macalady AK,Chenchouni H,Bachelet D,McDowell N,Vennetier M,Kitzberger T,Rigling A,Breshears DD,Hogg EH,Gonzalez P,Fensham R,Zhang Z,Castro J,Demidova N,Lim JH,Allard G,Running SW,Semerci A,Cobb N(2010)A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests.For Ecol Manag259(4):660-684
Amoroso MM,Daniels LD,Larson BC(2012)Temporal patterns of radial growth in declining Austrocedrus chilensis forests in Northern Patagonia:the use of tree-rings as an indicator of forest decline.For Ecol Manag 265:62-70
Anderegg WRL,Martinez-Vilalta J,Cailleret M,Camarero JJ,Ewers BE,Galbraith D,Gessler A,Grote R,Huang CY,Levick SR,Powell TL,Rowland L,Sanchez-Salguero R,Trotsiuk V(2016)When a tree dies in the forest:scaling climate-driven tree mortality to ecosystem water and carbon fluxes.Ecosystems19(6):1133-1147
Brauning A(2006)Tree-ring evidence of‘Little Ice Age’glacier advances in southern Tibet.Holocene 16(3):369-380
Breda N,Huc R,Granier A,Dreyer E(2006)Temperate forest trees and stands under severe drought:a review of ecophysiological responses,adaptation processes and long-term consequences.Ann For Sci 63:625-644
Cailleret M,Jansen S,Robert EMR,Desoto L,Aakala T,Antos JA,Beikircher B,Bigler C,Bugmann H,Caccianiga M,Cada V,Camarero JJ,Cherubini P,Cochard H,Coyea MR,Cufar K,Das AJ,Davi H,Delzon S,Dorman M,Gea-Izquierdo G,Gillner S,Haavik LJ,Hartmann H,Heres?AM,Hultine KR,Janda P,Kane JM,Kharuk VI,Kitzberger T,Klein T,Kramer K,Lens F,Levanic T,Calderon JCL,Lloret F,Lobo-Do-Vale R,Lombardi F,Rodr?guez RL,Makinen H,Mayr S,Meszaros I,Metsaranta JM,Minunno F,Oberhuber W,Papadopoulos A,Peltoniemi M,Petritan AM,Rohner B,Sanguesa-Barreda G,Sarris D,Smith JM,Stan AB,Sterck F,StojanovicDB,Suarez ML,Svoboda M,Tognetti R,Torres-Ruiz JM,Trotsiuk V,Villalba R,Vodde F,Westwood AR,Wyckoff PH,Zafirov N,Mart?nez-Vilalta J(2017)A synthesis of radial growth patterns preceding tree mortality.Glob Change Biol 23(4):1675-1690
Camarero JJ,Gazol A,Sanguesa-Barreda G,Oliva J,Vicente-Serrano SM(2015)To die or not to die:early warnings of tree dieback in response to a severe drought.J Ecol 103:44-57
Chen L,Huang JG,Alam SA,Zhai LH,Dawson A,Stadt KJ,Comeau PG(2017)Drought causes reduced growth of trembling aspen in western Canada.Glob Change Biol 23:2887-2902
Cook ER(1985)A time series analysis approach to tree ring standardization.University of Arizona,Tucson,pp 76-88
Dai AG,Trenberth KE,Qian TT(2004)A global data set of Palmer drought severity index for 1870-2002:relationship with soil moisture and effects of surface warming.J Hydrometeorol5(6):1117-1130
Fang KY,Frank D,Zhao Y,Zhou FF,SeppaH(2015)Moisture stress of a hydrological year on tree growth in the Tibetan Plateau and surroundings.Environ Res Lett 10:034010
Franke AK,Brauning A,Timonen M,Rautio P(2017)Growth response of Scots pines in polar-alpine tree-line to a warming climate.For Ecol Manag 399:94-107
Gomez-Guerrero A,Silva LCR,Barrera-Reyes M,Kishchuk B,Velazquez-Mart?nez A,Mart?nez-Trinidad T,Plascencia-Escalante FO,Horwath WR(2013)Growth decline and divergent tree ring isotopic composition(d13C and d18O)contradict predictions of CO2stimulation in high altitudinal forests.Glob Change Biol 19:1748-1758
Granda E,Camarero JJ,Galvan JD,Sanguesa-Barreda G,Alla AQ,Gutierrez E,Dorado-Lin?an I,Andreu-Hayles L,Labuhn I,Grudd H,Voltas J(2017)Aged but withstanding:maintenance of growth rates in old pines is not related to enhanced water-use efficiency.Agric For Meteorol 243:43-54
Li Y,Zhang QB(2017)History of tree growth declines recorded in old trees at two sacred sites in northern China.Front Plant Sci8:1779
Liang EY,Shao XM,Qin NS(2008)Tree-ring based summer temperature reconstruction for the source region of the Yangtze River on the Tibetan Plateau.Glob Planet Change61(3-4):313-320
Liang EY,Leuschner C,Dulamsuren C,Wagner B,Hauck M(2016)Global warming-related tree growth decline and mortality on the north-eastern Tibetan plateau.Clim Change 134(1-2):163-176
Liu XH,Qin DH,Shao XM,Chen T,Ren JW(2005)Temperature variations recovered from tree-rings in the middle Qilian Mountain over the last millennium.Sci in China Ser D48(4):521-529
Liu HY,Williams AP,Allen CD,Guo DL,Wu XC,Anenkhonov OA,Liang EY,Sandanov DV,Yin Y,Qi ZH,Badmaeva NK(2013)Rapid warming accelerates tree growth decline in semi-arid forests of Inner Asia.Glob Change Biol 19(8):2500-2510
Ma SM,Zhou TJ,Angelil O,Shiogama H(2017)Increased chances of drought in southeastern periphery of the Tibetan Plateau induced by anthropogenic warming.J Clim 30(16):6543-6560
Manion PD(1991)Tree disease concepts.Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River
McDowell N,Pockman WT,Allen CD,Breshears DD,Cobb N,Kolb T,Plaut J,Sperry J,West A,Williams DG,Yepez EA(2008)Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought:why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought?New Phytol 178:719-739
Sevanto S,McDowell NG,Dickman LT,Pangle R,Pockman WT(2014)How do trees die?A test of the hydraulic failure and carbon starvation hypotheses.Plant Cell Environ 37(1):153-161
Shen MG,Piao SL,Jeong SJ,Zhou LM,Zeng ZZ,Ciais P,Chen DL,Huang MT,Jin CS,Li LZX,Li Y,Myneni RB,Yang K,Zhang GX,Zhang YJ,Yao TD(2015)Evaporative cooling over the Tibetan Plateau induced by vegetation growth.PNAS112(30):9299-9304
Shestakova TA,Gutierrez E,Kirdyanov AV,Camarero JJ,Genova M,Knorre AA,Linares JC,Resco de Dios V,Sanchez-Salguero R,Voltas J(2016)Forests synchronize their growth in contrasting Eurasian regions in response to climate warming.PNAS113(3):662-667
Su JJ,Gou XH,Deng Y,Zhang RB,Liu WH,Zhang F,Lu M,Chen Y,Zheng WJ(2017)Tree growth response of Fokienia hodginsii to recent climate warming and drought in southwest China.Int JBiometeorol 61(12):2085-2096
Trumbore S,Brando P,Hartmann H(2015)Forest health and global change.Science 349(6250):814-818
Williams AP,Allen CD,Millar CI,Swetnam TW,Michaelsen J,Still CJ,Leavitt SW(2010)Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in the southwestern United States.PNAS107(50):21289-21294
Williams AP,Allen CD,Macalady AK,Griffin D,Woodhouse CA,Meko DM,Swetnam TW,Rausche SA,Seager R,GrissinoMayer HD,Dean JS,Cook ER,Gangodagamage C,Cai M,McDowell NG(2013)Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality.Nat Clim Change3:292-297
Wong CM,Daniels LD(2017)Novel forest decline triggered by multiple interactions among climate,an introduced pathogen and bark beetles.Glob Change Biol 23(5):1926-1941
Xu XD,Lu CG,Shi XH,Gao ST(2008)World water tower:an atmospheric perspective.Geophys Res Lett 35(20):L20815
Yadav RR(2007)Basin specificity of climate change in western Himalaya,India:tree-rings evidences.Curr Sci India92(10):1424-1429
Yu BH,Lu CH,Lu TT,Yang AQ,Liu C(2009)Regional differentiation of vegetation change in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Progr Geogr 28(3):391-397(in Chinese with an English abstract)
Yu L,Huang L,Shao XM,Xiao FJ,Wilmking M,Zhang YX(2015)Warming-induced decline of Picea crassifolia growth in the Qilian Mountains in recent decades.PLoS ONE 10(6):e0129959
Zhang QB,Eavns MN,Lyu LX(2015)Moisture dipole over the Tibetan Plateau during the past five and a half centuries.Nat Commun 6:8062
Zhao X,Zhou DJ,Fang JY(2012)Satellite-based studies on largescale vegetation changes in China.J Int Plant Biol54(10):713-728
Allen CD,Macalady AK,Chenchouni H,Bachelet D,McDowell N,Vennetier M,Kitzberger T,Rigling A,Breshears DD,Hogg EH,Gonzalez P,Fensham R,Zhang Z,Castro J,Demidova N,Lim JH,Allard G,Running SW,Semerci A,Cobb N(2010)A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests.For Ecol Manag259(4):660-684
Amoroso MM,Daniels LD,Larson BC(2012)Temporal patterns of radial growth in declining Austrocedrus chilensis forests in Northern Patagonia:the use of tree-rings as an indicator of forest decline.For Ecol Manag 265:62-70
Anderegg WRL,Martinez-Vilalta J,Cailleret M,Camarero JJ,Ewers BE,Galbraith D,Gessler A,Grote R,Huang CY,Levick SR,Powell TL,Rowland L,Sanchez-Salguero R,Trotsiuk V(2016)When a tree dies in the forest:scaling climate-driven tree mortality to ecosystem water and carbon fluxes.Ecosystems19(6):1133-1147
Brauning A(2006)Tree-ring evidence of‘Little Ice Age’glacier advances in southern Tibet.Holocene 16(3):369-380
Breda N,Huc R,Granier A,Dreyer E(2006)Temperate forest trees and stands under severe drought:a review of ecophysiological responses,adaptation processes and long-term consequences.Ann For Sci 63:625-644
Cailleret M,Jansen S,Robert EMR,Desoto L,Aakala T,Antos JA,Beikircher B,Bigler C,Bugmann H,Caccianiga M,Cada V,Camarero JJ,Cherubini P,Cochard H,Coyea MR,Cufar K,Das AJ,Davi H,Delzon S,Dorman M,Gea-Izquierdo G,Gillner S,Haavik LJ,Hartmann H,Heres?AM,Hultine KR,Janda P,Kane JM,Kharuk VI,Kitzberger T,Klein T,Kramer K,Lens F,Levanic T,Calderon JCL,Lloret F,Lobo-Do-Vale R,Lombardi F,Rodr?guez RL,Makinen H,Mayr S,Meszaros I,Metsaranta JM,Minunno F,Oberhuber W,Papadopoulos A,Peltoniemi M,Petritan AM,Rohner B,Sanguesa-Barreda G,Sarris D,Smith JM,Stan AB,Sterck F,StojanovicDB,Suarez ML,Svoboda M,Tognetti R,Torres-Ruiz JM,Trotsiuk V,Villalba R,Vodde F,Westwood AR,Wyckoff PH,Zafirov N,Mart?nez-Vilalta J(2017)A synthesis of radial growth patterns preceding tree mortality.Glob Change Biol 23(4):1675-1690
Camarero JJ,Gazol A,Sanguesa-Barreda G,Oliva J,Vicente-Serrano SM(2015)To die or not to die:early warnings of tree dieback in response to a severe drought.J Ecol 103:44-57
Chen L,Huang JG,Alam SA,Zhai LH,Dawson A,Stadt KJ,Comeau PG(2017)Drought causes reduced growth of trembling aspen in western Canada.Glob Change Biol 23:2887-2902
Cook ER(1985)A time series analysis approach to tree ring standardization.University of Arizona,Tucson,pp 76-88
Dai AG,Trenberth KE,Qian TT(2004)A global data set of Palmer drought severity index for 1870-2002:relationship with soil moisture and effects of surface warming.J Hydrometeorol5(6):1117-1130
Fang KY,Frank D,Zhao Y,Zhou FF,SeppaH(2015)Moisture stress of a hydrological year on tree growth in the Tibetan Plateau and surroundings.Environ Res Lett 10:034010
Franke AK,Brauning A,Timonen M,Rautio P(2017)Growth response of Scots pines in polar-alpine tree-line to a warming climate.For Ecol Manag 399:94-107
Gomez-Guerrero A,Silva LCR,Barrera-Reyes M,Kishchuk B,Velazquez-Mart?nez A,Mart?nez-Trinidad T,Plascencia-Escalante FO,Horwath WR(2013)Growth decline and divergent tree ring isotopic composition(d13C and d18O)contradict predictions of CO2stimulation in high altitudinal forests.Glob Change Biol 19:1748-1758
Granda E,Camarero JJ,Galvan JD,Sanguesa-Barreda G,Alla AQ,Gutierrez E,Dorado-Lin?an I,Andreu-Hayles L,Labuhn I,Grudd H,Voltas J(2017)Aged but withstanding:maintenance of growth rates in old pines is not related to enhanced water-use efficiency.Agric For Meteorol 243:43-54
Li Y,Zhang QB(2017)History of tree growth declines recorded in old trees at two sacred sites in northern China.Front Plant Sci8:1779
Liang EY,Shao XM,Qin NS(2008)Tree-ring based summer temperature reconstruction for the source region of the Yangtze River on the Tibetan Plateau.Glob Planet Change61(3-4):313-320
Liang EY,Leuschner C,Dulamsuren C,Wagner B,Hauck M(2016)Global warming-related tree growth decline and mortality on the north-eastern Tibetan plateau.Clim Change 134(1-2):163-176
Liu XH,Qin DH,Shao XM,Chen T,Ren JW(2005)Temperature variations recovered from tree-rings in the middle Qilian Mountain over the last millennium.Sci in China Ser D48(4):521-529
Liu HY,Williams AP,Allen CD,Guo DL,Wu XC,Anenkhonov OA,Liang EY,Sandanov DV,Yin Y,Qi ZH,Badmaeva NK(2013)Rapid warming accelerates tree growth decline in semi-arid forests of Inner Asia.Glob Change Biol 19(8):2500-2510
Ma SM,Zhou TJ,Angelil O,Shiogama H(2017)Increased chances of drought in southeastern periphery of the Tibetan Plateau induced by anthropogenic warming.J Clim 30(16):6543-6560
Manion PD(1991)Tree disease concepts.Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River
McDowell N,Pockman WT,Allen CD,Breshears DD,Cobb N,Kolb T,Plaut J,Sperry J,West A,Williams DG,Yepez EA(2008)Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought:why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought?New Phytol 178:719-739
Sevanto S,McDowell NG,Dickman LT,Pangle R,Pockman WT(2014)How do trees die?A test of the hydraulic failure and carbon starvation hypotheses.Plant Cell Environ 37(1):153-161
Shen MG,Piao SL,Jeong SJ,Zhou LM,Zeng ZZ,Ciais P,Chen DL,Huang MT,Jin CS,Li LZX,Li Y,Myneni RB,Yang K,Zhang GX,Zhang YJ,Yao TD(2015)Evaporative cooling over the Tibetan Plateau induced by vegetation growth.PNAS112(30):9299-9304
Shestakova TA,Gutierrez E,Kirdyanov AV,Camarero JJ,Genova M,Knorre AA,Linares JC,Resco de Dios V,Sanchez-Salguero R,Voltas J(2016)Forests synchronize their growth in contrasting Eurasian regions in response to climate warming.PNAS113(3):662-667
Su JJ,Gou XH,Deng Y,Zhang RB,Liu WH,Zhang F,Lu M,Chen Y,Zheng WJ(2017)Tree growth response of Fokienia hodginsii to recent climate warming and drought in southwest China.Int JBiometeorol 61(12):2085-2096
Trumbore S,Brando P,Hartmann H(2015)Forest health and global change.Science 349(6250):814-818
Williams AP,Allen CD,Millar CI,Swetnam TW,Michaelsen J,Still CJ,Leavitt SW(2010)Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in the southwestern United States.PNAS107(50):21289-21294
Williams AP,Allen CD,Macalady AK,Griffin D,Woodhouse CA,Meko DM,Swetnam TW,Rausche SA,Seager R,GrissinoMayer HD,Dean JS,Cook ER,Gangodagamage C,Cai M,McDowell NG(2013)Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality.Nat Clim Change3:292-297
Wong CM,Daniels LD(2017)Novel forest decline triggered by multiple interactions among climate,an introduced pathogen and bark beetles.Glob Change Biol 23(5):1926-1941
Xu XD,Lu CG,Shi XH,Gao ST(2008)World water tower:an atmospheric perspective.Geophys Res Lett 35(20):L20815
Yadav RR(2007)Basin specificity of climate change in western Himalaya,India:tree-rings evidences.Curr Sci India92(10):1424-1429
Yu BH,Lu CH,Lu TT,Yang AQ,Liu C(2009)Regional differentiation of vegetation change in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Progr Geogr 28(3):391-397(in Chinese with an English abstract)
Yu L,Huang L,Shao XM,Xiao FJ,Wilmking M,Zhang YX(2015)Warming-induced decline of Picea crassifolia growth in the Qilian Mountains in recent decades.PLoS ONE 10(6):e0129959
Zhang QB,Eavns MN,Lyu LX(2015)Moisture dipole over the Tibetan Plateau during the past five and a half centuries.Nat Commun 6:8062
Zhao X,Zhou DJ,Fang JY(2012)Satellite-based studies on largescale vegetation changes in China.J Int Plant Biol54(10):713-728