夹竹桃水浸液与化学试剂对沼蛤防控技术比较
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摘要
化学试剂灭杀沼蛤(Limnopernafortunei)容易对水质产生二次污染,物理防控方法操作困难,利用植物的化感作用防控沼蛤效果好、生物毒性低、不会对水质造成二次污染。基于预实验筛选出对沼蛤具有化感作用的植物—夹竹桃(Nerium indicum),比较夹竹桃水浸液与化学试剂的防治效果,为沼蛤的防控技术提供理论依据。比较了5种常用试剂草甘膦、丹宁酸、高锰酸钾、次氯酸钠和氯胺对沼蛤的防治效果,观察沼蛤的死亡率、开壳率、粘附率和移动距离,筛选出防治效果较好的化学试剂,然后与前期筛选出夹竹桃水浸液进行沼蛤防治效果比较实验,确定他感植物对淡水壳菜的灭杀能力。结果表明,通过不同化学试剂防治效果比较实验,初步筛选出3种对沼蛤灭杀效果较好的次氯酸钠、高锰酸钾和氯胺,其沼蛤最高死亡率均大于50%,开壳率均在30%以下,而粘附率在50%以下且沼蛤基本未移动;通过夹竹桃水浸液与化学试剂的防治效果比较,次氯酸钠、高锰酸钾、氯胺和夹竹桃水浸液均具有较好的防控效果,其最佳投放浓度分别11mg/L、4mg/L、4mg/L和4mg/L,半致死时间分别为111h、109h、122h和82h。
Limnoperna fortunei(golden mussel)is a typical invasive organism.Preventing and controlling L.fortunei is difficult and,at present,the primary means is application of chemicals,resulting in serious secondary pollution of water.Based on our previous study of plant poisons and the physiological and behavioral characteristics of L.fortunei,we found that Neriumindicum(oleander)contained toxic substances that could potentially control L.fortunei with less secondary pollution.In this paper,we compared the effect of oleander extracts on L.fortunei with the effect of chemical reagents,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for controlling L.fortunei with a plant extract.The test L.fortunei were collected in the Yangtze River at Wuhan in September 2016 and divided into four groups according to body length(L≤5mm,5mm25mm).We first compared the effects of five chemical reagents(glyphosate,tannic acid,sodium hypochlorite,permanganate and chloramine)on L.fortunei and identified the most effective chemical reagents,based on mortality,shell opening rate,adhesion rate and movement.Four concentrations(0mg/L,5mg/L,50mg/L,100mg/L)of each chemical were used for comparison,and each treatment was run in triplicate with 12 L.fortunei per trial(3individuals of each body length).The three most effective chemical reagents were permanganate,sodium hypochlorite and chloramine,all three chemicals gave L.fortunei mortality rates>50%,open shell rates<30%,adhesion rates<50%,and no movement.These three chemicals were then compared with oleander extract under the same conditions,based on the same response parameters,using seven concentrations(0mg/L,1.0mg/L,2.0mg/L,4.0 mg/L,6.0 mg/L and 8.0 mg/L).In all treatments death of L.fortunei occurred after 20 hexposure.The highest mortality of L.fortunei was>90%in the permanganate and oleander treatments and>60%in the sodium hypochlorite and chloramine treatments.The optimal concentration of sodium hypochlorite,permanganate,chloramine and oleander extracts were respectively11mg/L,4mg/L,4mg/L,4mg/L,and the median lethal times were 111 h,109h,122 h,82h.
Limnoperna fortunei(golden mussel)is a typical invasive organism.Preventing and controlling L.fortunei is difficult and,at present,the primary means is application of chemicals,resulting in serious secondary pollution of water.Based on our previous study of plant poisons and the physiological and behavioral characteristics of L.fortunei,we found that Neriumindicum(oleander)contained toxic substances that could potentially control L.fortunei with less secondary pollution.In this paper,we compared the effect of oleander extracts on L.fortunei with the effect of chemical reagents,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for controlling L.fortunei with a plant extract.The test L.fortunei were collected in the Yangtze River at Wuhan in September 2016 and divided into four groups according to body length(L≤5mm,5mm
引文
董军,庄美琪,2005.长距离大流量输水管涵贝类防除研究[J].中国农村水利水电,(3):73-77.
李代茂,2009.淡水壳菜对输水建筑物输水能力的影响研究[J].给水排水,35(s1):94-96.
李名进,苏学敏,2007.长距离输水管涵贝类生长成因分析及防除对策[J].人民珠江,(3):29-34.
刘月英,1979.中国经济动物志·淡水软体动物[M].北京:科学出版社:69-71.
谭纤茹,刘德富,张佳磊,等,2017.淡水壳菜灭杀效果他感植物筛选研究[J].湖北工业大学学报,32(1):1-4.
王芳,戴灵鹏,郑祥河,等,2011.夹竹桃(Nerium indicum)皂甙对鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)幼鱼的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,30(8):1526-1530.
王瑞,2011.长距离输水管线中淡水壳菜的氧化杀灭去除技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学
王万贤,杨毅,王宏,等,2006.夹竹桃强心总甙灭螺活性与机理[J].生态学报,26(3):954-959.
王祯瑞,1997.中国动物志(无脊椎动物·软体动物门·双壳纲·贻贝目)[M].北京:科学出版社:28-42,210-213.
魏小熙,杨正健,刘德富,等,2016.输水系统中污损生物沼蛤的氧化剂灭杀技术研究[J].中国农村水利水电,(5):17-22.
向元龙,1985.发电厂供水系统中贝类的危害及其防治[J].华北电力技术,(4):24-27.
徐梦珍,2012.输水工程中沼蛤的附着特征[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),52(2):170-176.
姚国友,徐梦珍,安雪晖,等,2016.防附涂料的防附着与抗侵蚀性能试验[J].水利发电学报,35(5):31-39.
张重祉,罗凤明,胡向萍,2011.淡水壳菜的生物防治[J].科技经济市场,(12):12-13.
中国科学院水生生物研究所管道小组,1979.淡水壳菜的生物学研究[J].动物利用与防治,(2):33-36.
Bax N J,Schaffelke B,Campbell M L,2001.A review of rapid response options for the control of ABWMAC listed introduced marine pest species and related taxa in Australian waters[M].Hobart,Australia:CSIRO Marine Research.
Boltovskoy D,2015.Distribution and Colonization of Limnoperna fortunei:Special Traits of an Odd Mussel[J].Springer International Publishing,10:301-311.
Boltovskoy D,Correa N,Cataldo D,et al,2006.Dispersion and ecological impact of the invasive freshwater bivalve Limnoperna fortunei in the Río de la Plata watershed and beyond[J].Biological Invasions,8(4):947-963.
Darrigran G A,Maronas M E,Colautti D C,2004.Air exposure as a control mechanism for the golden mussel,Limnoperna fortunei(Bivalvia:Mytilidae)[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,19(3):461-464.
Fushoku B,Bumon I,1999.Adhesion mechanism of marine sessile animals and anti-fouling counter measure[J].Nippon Zairyo Gakkai,213:44-53.
Montresor L C,Miranda-Filho K C,Paglia A,et al,2013.Short-term toxicity of ammonia,sodium hydroxide and a commercial biocide to golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei(Dunker,1857)[J].Ecotoxicol&Environmental Safety,92(3):150-154.
Morton B,1975.The colonization of Hong Kong's raw water supply system by Limnoperna fortunei(Dunker 1857)(Bivalvia:Mytilacea)from China[J].Malacol Rev,8:91-105.
Morton B,1977.The population dynamics of Limnoperna fortunei(Dunker 1857)(Bivalvia:Mytilacea)in Plover Cove reservoir,Hong Kong[J].Malacologia,16(1):165-182.
Ohkawa K,Ichimiya K,Nishida A,et al,2001.Synthesis and Surface Chemical Properties of Adhesive Protein of the Asian Freshwater Mussel,Limnoperna fortunei[J].Macromolecular Bioscience,1(9):376-386.
Ricciardi A,1998.Global range expansion of the Asian mussel Limnoperna fortunei(Mytilidae):Another fouling threat to freshwater systems[J].Bio fouling,13(2):97-106.
Sharma P,Choudhary A S,Parashar P,et al,2010.Chemical constituents of plants from the genus nerium[J].Chemistry&Biodiversity,7(5):1198-1207.
Waller D L,Rach J J,Cope G W,et al,1993.Toxicity of candidate molluscicides to zebra mussels(Dreissena polymorpha)and selected nontarget organisms[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,19(4):695-702.
Xu M Z,2015.Distribution and Spread of Limnoperna fortunei in China[J].Invading Nature-Springer Series in Invasion Ecology,10:313-320.
李代茂,2009.淡水壳菜对输水建筑物输水能力的影响研究[J].给水排水,35(s1):94-96.
李名进,苏学敏,2007.长距离输水管涵贝类生长成因分析及防除对策[J].人民珠江,(3):29-34.
刘月英,1979.中国经济动物志·淡水软体动物[M].北京:科学出版社:69-71.
谭纤茹,刘德富,张佳磊,等,2017.淡水壳菜灭杀效果他感植物筛选研究[J].湖北工业大学学报,32(1):1-4.
王芳,戴灵鹏,郑祥河,等,2011.夹竹桃(Nerium indicum)皂甙对鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)幼鱼的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,30(8):1526-1530.
王瑞,2011.长距离输水管线中淡水壳菜的氧化杀灭去除技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学
王万贤,杨毅,王宏,等,2006.夹竹桃强心总甙灭螺活性与机理[J].生态学报,26(3):954-959.
王祯瑞,1997.中国动物志(无脊椎动物·软体动物门·双壳纲·贻贝目)[M].北京:科学出版社:28-42,210-213.
魏小熙,杨正健,刘德富,等,2016.输水系统中污损生物沼蛤的氧化剂灭杀技术研究[J].中国农村水利水电,(5):17-22.
向元龙,1985.发电厂供水系统中贝类的危害及其防治[J].华北电力技术,(4):24-27.
徐梦珍,2012.输水工程中沼蛤的附着特征[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),52(2):170-176.
姚国友,徐梦珍,安雪晖,等,2016.防附涂料的防附着与抗侵蚀性能试验[J].水利发电学报,35(5):31-39.
张重祉,罗凤明,胡向萍,2011.淡水壳菜的生物防治[J].科技经济市场,(12):12-13.
中国科学院水生生物研究所管道小组,1979.淡水壳菜的生物学研究[J].动物利用与防治,(2):33-36.
Bax N J,Schaffelke B,Campbell M L,2001.A review of rapid response options for the control of ABWMAC listed introduced marine pest species and related taxa in Australian waters[M].Hobart,Australia:CSIRO Marine Research.
Boltovskoy D,2015.Distribution and Colonization of Limnoperna fortunei:Special Traits of an Odd Mussel[J].Springer International Publishing,10:301-311.
Boltovskoy D,Correa N,Cataldo D,et al,2006.Dispersion and ecological impact of the invasive freshwater bivalve Limnoperna fortunei in the Río de la Plata watershed and beyond[J].Biological Invasions,8(4):947-963.
Darrigran G A,Maronas M E,Colautti D C,2004.Air exposure as a control mechanism for the golden mussel,Limnoperna fortunei(Bivalvia:Mytilidae)[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,19(3):461-464.
Fushoku B,Bumon I,1999.Adhesion mechanism of marine sessile animals and anti-fouling counter measure[J].Nippon Zairyo Gakkai,213:44-53.
Montresor L C,Miranda-Filho K C,Paglia A,et al,2013.Short-term toxicity of ammonia,sodium hydroxide and a commercial biocide to golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei(Dunker,1857)[J].Ecotoxicol&Environmental Safety,92(3):150-154.
Morton B,1975.The colonization of Hong Kong's raw water supply system by Limnoperna fortunei(Dunker 1857)(Bivalvia:Mytilacea)from China[J].Malacol Rev,8:91-105.
Morton B,1977.The population dynamics of Limnoperna fortunei(Dunker 1857)(Bivalvia:Mytilacea)in Plover Cove reservoir,Hong Kong[J].Malacologia,16(1):165-182.
Ohkawa K,Ichimiya K,Nishida A,et al,2001.Synthesis and Surface Chemical Properties of Adhesive Protein of the Asian Freshwater Mussel,Limnoperna fortunei[J].Macromolecular Bioscience,1(9):376-386.
Ricciardi A,1998.Global range expansion of the Asian mussel Limnoperna fortunei(Mytilidae):Another fouling threat to freshwater systems[J].Bio fouling,13(2):97-106.
Sharma P,Choudhary A S,Parashar P,et al,2010.Chemical constituents of plants from the genus nerium[J].Chemistry&Biodiversity,7(5):1198-1207.
Waller D L,Rach J J,Cope G W,et al,1993.Toxicity of candidate molluscicides to zebra mussels(Dreissena polymorpha)and selected nontarget organisms[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,19(4):695-702.
Xu M Z,2015.Distribution and Spread of Limnoperna fortunei in China[J].Invading Nature-Springer Series in Invasion Ecology,10:313-320.