磁场协同作用改善阴极铜质量的机理探讨与验证
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摘要
阴极铜表面质量问题已成为行业难题,影响阴极铜表面质量的因素包括粗铜含镍量、电解液的含铜量、添加剂、温度等,多位专家对上述影响因素进行了研究分析,认为铜电解的最佳工艺参数难以确定,而通过增强电解液活性,降低反应所需的活化能是解决阴极铜长粒子问题最有效的方法。基于此,笔者提出利用磁场协同效应强化铜电解的工艺以改善阴极铜的质量,即通过在原铜电解循环系统上添加可调永磁体等设施,使电解液在恰当的电解工艺参数下进行铜电解。通过实地考察某铜业公司的现场生产,并进行实验验证,得出以下结论:恰当的磁处理条件可以降低电解液黏度,加快阳极泥的沉降速度,加强Cu~(2+)的扩散;磁化效应可抑制As、Sb、Bi等杂质离子的析出,预浓缩杂质离子,提高电解液的清晰度;磁处理可细化晶粒,改善阴极铜的表面质量。
The surface quality of cathode copper has become a difficult problem in the industry.The factors affecting the surface quality of cathode copper include nickel content of crude copper,copper content of electrolyte,additives,temperature,etc.Several experts studied and analyzed the above factors.It was considered that the optimum technological parameters of copper electrolysis were difficult to determine,and by enhancing the activity of electrolyte,reducing the activation energy were the most effective way to remove the long particles on copper cathode surface.Based on this,the authors propose to enhance copper electrolysis process by using magnetic field synergistic effect to improve the quality of cathode copper.That is,by adding adjustable permanent magnets to the original copper electrolysis cycle system,and the electrolyte is electrolyzed out of copper under appropriate electrolytic process parameters.Through on-the-spot investigation of a copper company's production,and experimental verification,it was concluded that proper magnetic treatment conditions can reduce the viscosity of electrolyte,accelerate the settling speed of anode slime,and strengthen the diffusion of Cu~(2+); the magnetization effect can inhibit the precipitation of As,Sb,Bi and other impurity ions,and preconcentrate them,and improves the clarity of the electrolyte; the magnetic treatment could refine grain size,and improve the surface quality of cathode copper.
The surface quality of cathode copper has become a difficult problem in the industry.The factors affecting the surface quality of cathode copper include nickel content of crude copper,copper content of electrolyte,additives,temperature,etc.Several experts studied and analyzed the above factors.It was considered that the optimum technological parameters of copper electrolysis were difficult to determine,and by enhancing the activity of electrolyte,reducing the activation energy were the most effective way to remove the long particles on copper cathode surface.Based on this,the authors propose to enhance copper electrolysis process by using magnetic field synergistic effect to improve the quality of cathode copper.That is,by adding adjustable permanent magnets to the original copper electrolysis cycle system,and the electrolyte is electrolyzed out of copper under appropriate electrolytic process parameters.Through on-the-spot investigation of a copper company's production,and experimental verification,it was concluded that proper magnetic treatment conditions can reduce the viscosity of electrolyte,accelerate the settling speed of anode slime,and strengthen the diffusion of Cu~(2+); the magnetization effect can inhibit the precipitation of As,Sb,Bi and other impurity ions,and preconcentrate them,and improves the clarity of the electrolyte; the magnetic treatment could refine grain size,and improve the surface quality of cathode copper.
引文
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[22]王金东,赵岩,朱砚葛,等.磁场强度对磁场-电沉积Ni-TiN镀层的影响[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2016,39(3):83-89.
[23]贾卫平,杨帆,吴蒙华.磁场下电沉积镍晶微铸件表面形貌与织构研究[J].机械设计与制造,2013(1):254-257.
[24]赵林,樊占国,杨中东,等.磁场下电沉积制备CuCo颗粒膜的巨磁电阻效应[J].中国有色金属学报,2009,19(5):924-928.
[25]敖正红,薛玉君,姜韶峰,等.电沉积方式对Ni-ZrO_2纳米复合镀层耐腐蚀性能的影响[J].表面技术,2015,44(1):72-77.
[26]侯新刚,姚夏妍,姜丽丽,等.磁处理水阻垢性能的研究现状及进展[J].中国冶金,2017,27(5):1-7.
[2]张晓宇.铜电解精炼中阴极铜结粒成因探讨[J].世界有色金属,2017(16):17-19.
[3]柏春,郭敏,张慧芳,等.离子筛型锂吸附剂吸附法从盐湖卤水/海水中提锂的研究进展[J].化工进展,2017,36(3):802-809.
[4]彭楚峰,何蔼平,李坚,等.电解液对阴极铜表面质量的影响[J].有色金属设计,2002(3):8-11.
[5]曹康学,郑继祖,朱福良.铜离子浓度对阴极铜表面质量的影响[J].甘肃冶金,2011,33(3):24-26.
[6]任智顺,别良伟.阴极铜表面针刺状结粒的成因分析与防治[J].中国有色冶金,2010,39(3):23-25.
[7]武战强.侯马冶炼厂高纯阴极铜质量影响因素分析[J].湿法冶金,2010,29(4):285-288.
[8]武战强.添加剂对阴极铜质量影响的分析与探讨[J].中国有色冶金,2011,40(2):20-23.
[9]朱厚仁.阳极中氧对铜电解生产的影响[J].重有色冶炼,1997(1):14-18.
[10]李杰.浅谈铜冶炼过程中影响阴极铜质量的因素[J].新疆有色金属,2014,37(S1):127-128.
[11]SUEPTITZ R,TSCHULIK K,UHLEMANN M,et al.Magnetic field effects on the active dissolution of iron[J].Electrochemistry Acta,2011,56(17):5866-5871.
[12]ANDERSON E C,WESTON M C,FRITSCH I.Investigations of redox magnetohydrodynamic fluid flow at microelectrode arrays using microbeads[J].Analytical Chemistry,2010,82(7):2643-2651.
[13]王建国,张连旭,刘高生.磁场处理对水分子结构和CaCO_3成核影响实验及分析[J].化工自动化及仪表,2013,40(4):503-504.
[14]杜娟,冯瑞玉,赵静,等.磁场改变物质理化性能及其分离效果的研究进展[J].河北化工,2006(11):21-24.
[15]COEY J M D.Magnetic water treatment:how might it work[J].Philosophical Magazine,2012,92(31):3857-3865.
[16]GUO Bin,HAN Haibo,CHAI Feng.Influence of magnetic field on microstructural and dynamic properties of sodium,magnesium and calcium ions[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21(S2):494-498.
[17]梁永宣,陈胜利,郭学益.铜电解液中As、Sb、Bi杂质净化研究进展[J].中国有色冶金,2009,38(4):69-73.
[18]鲁道荣.杂质在铜电解精炼中的电化学行为[J].有色金属,2002(4):51-52,62.
[19]王学文.铜电解过程砷锑酸的形成及作用机理研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2003.
[21]Molner-martinez Y,Prima-garcia H,Riber A A,et al.Magneticin-tube solid phase microextraction[J].Analytical Chemistry,2012,84(16):7233-7239.
[20]吕战鹏,陈俊劼,肖茜,等.磁场对铜在几种酸性溶液中阳极溶解的影响[J].腐蚀与防护,2014,35(12):1187-1193.
[21]赵志强.采用磁处理技术提高蒸氨废液中固体颗粒沉降速度[J].中国粉体技术,2001(01):29-31.
[22]王金东,赵岩,朱砚葛,等.磁场强度对磁场-电沉积Ni-TiN镀层的影响[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2016,39(3):83-89.
[23]贾卫平,杨帆,吴蒙华.磁场下电沉积镍晶微铸件表面形貌与织构研究[J].机械设计与制造,2013(1):254-257.
[24]赵林,樊占国,杨中东,等.磁场下电沉积制备CuCo颗粒膜的巨磁电阻效应[J].中国有色金属学报,2009,19(5):924-928.
[25]敖正红,薛玉君,姜韶峰,等.电沉积方式对Ni-ZrO_2纳米复合镀层耐腐蚀性能的影响[J].表面技术,2015,44(1):72-77.
[26]侯新刚,姚夏妍,姜丽丽,等.磁处理水阻垢性能的研究现状及进展[J].中国冶金,2017,27(5):1-7.