Determination of optimal grid opening width for herringbone water-sediment separation structures based on sediment separation efficiency
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摘要
The herringbone water-sediment separation structure(HWSSS) was developed to prevent debris flows. This paper mainly focuses on evaluating the sediment separation efficiency of HWSSS in debris flow prevention and determining the grid opening width D, a crucial structure parameter for HWSSS design. Theoretical analysis on the total sediment separation rate Pt reveals that the efficiency of sediment separation is much related with sediment grain size distribution(GSD) and grid opening width. The lower limit of Pt is deduced from the perspective of safety consideration by transforming debris flow into sediment-laden flow. Hydraulic model tests were carried out. Based on the regression analysis of the experimental data, the quantitative relationships between Pt and D and GSD characteristic values were finally established. A procedure for determining optimal grid opening width is proposed based on these analyses. These results are of significance in evaluating sediment separation effect by HWSSS in debris flow prevention and contribute to a more explicit methodology for design of HWSSS.
The herringbone water-sediment separation structure(HWSSS) was developed to prevent debris flows. This paper mainly focuses on evaluating the sediment separation efficiency of HWSSS in debris flow prevention and determining the grid opening width D, a crucial structure parameter for HWSSS design. Theoretical analysis on the total sediment separation rate Pt reveals that the efficiency of sediment separation is much related with sediment grain size distribution(GSD) and grid opening width. The lower limit of Pt is deduced from the perspective of safety consideration by transforming debris flow into sediment-laden flow. Hydraulic model tests were carried out. Based on the regression analysis of the experimental data, the quantitative relationships between Pt and D and GSD characteristic values were finally established. A procedure for determining optimal grid opening width is proposed based on these analyses. These results are of significance in evaluating sediment separation effect by HWSSS in debris flow prevention and contribute to a more explicit methodology for design of HWSSS.
The herringbone water-sediment separation structure(HWSSS) was developed to prevent debris flows. This paper mainly focuses on evaluating the sediment separation efficiency of HWSSS in debris flow prevention and determining the grid opening width D, a crucial structure parameter for HWSSS design. Theoretical analysis on the total sediment separation rate Pt reveals that the efficiency of sediment separation is much related with sediment grain size distribution(GSD) and grid opening width. The lower limit of Pt is deduced from the perspective of safety consideration by transforming debris flow into sediment-laden flow. Hydraulic model tests were carried out. Based on the regression analysis of the experimental data, the quantitative relationships between Pt and D and GSD characteristic values were finally established. A procedure for determining optimal grid opening width is proposed based on these analyses. These results are of significance in evaluating sediment separation effect by HWSSS in debris flow prevention and contribute to a more explicit methodology for design of HWSSS.
引文
Armanini A,Dellagiacoma F,Ferrari L(1991)From the check dam to the development of functional check dams.Fluvial Hydraulics of Mountain Regions 37:331-344.https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0011200
Armanini A,Dalr C,Larcher M(2006)Slit-check dams for controlling debris flows and mudflow.In:Disaster Mitigation of Debris Flows,Slope Failures and Landslides.Universal Academy Press,Tokyo,Japan.pp 141-148.
Ashida K,Takahashi T(1980)Study on debris flow control hydraulic function of grid type open dam.Annuals Disaster Prevention Res.Inst.,Kyoto Univ 23B(2):1-9.(In Japanese).
Brunkal H,Santi P(2016)Exploration of design parameters for a dewatering structure for debris flow mitigation.Engineering Geology 208:81-92.https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.04.011
Fei X,Kang Z,Wang Y(1991)Effect of fine grain and debris flow slurry bodies on debris flow motion.Mountain Research 9(3):143-152.https://doi.org/143-152.10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.1991.03.002(In Chinese)
Gonda Y(2009)Function of a debris flow brake.International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering 2(1):15-21.https://doi.org/10.13101/ijece.2.15
Ikeya H,Uehar S(1980)Experimental study about the sediment control of slit sabo dams.Journal of the Japan Erosion Control Engineering Society 114:37-44.(In Japanese)
Kaitna R,Chiari M,Kerschbaumer M,et al.(2011)Physical and numerical modelling of a bedload deposition area for an alpine torrent.Natural Hazards&Earth System Sciences11(6):1589-1597.https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-1589-2011
Lien HP(2003)Design of slit dams for controlling stony debris flows.International Journal of Sediment Research 18(1):74-87.
Mizuyama T,Suzuki H,Oikawa Y,et al.(1988)Experimental study on permeable sabo dam.Journal of the Japan Erosion Control Engineering Society 41(2):21-25(In Japanese).
Mizuyama T(2008)Structural countermeasures for debris flow disasters.International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering 1(2):38-43.https://doi.org/10.13101/ijece.1.38
Ono G,Mizuyama T,Matsumura K(2004)Current practices in the design and evaluation of steel sabo facilities in Japan.http://www.interpraevent.at/palmcms/upload_files/Publikationen/Tagungsbeitraege/2004_3_VII-253.pdf
Rickenmann D(1999)Empirical relationships for debris flows.Nature Hazards 19:47-77.https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008064220727
Brighenti R,Segalini A,Ferrero M(2013)Debris flow hazard mitigation:a simplified analytical model for the design of flexible barriers.Computers and Geotechnics 54:1-15.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2013.05.010
Shu A,Zhang Z,Wang L,et al.(2008)Method for determining the critical grain size of viscous debris flow based on energy dissipation principle.Journal of hydraulic engineering 38(3):257-263.(In Chinese)https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0559-9350.2008.03.001
Takahashi T(1991)Debris flow.Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 13(13):57-77.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.13.010181.000421
Wehrmann H,Hubl J,Holzinger G(2006)Classification of dams in torrential watersheds.In:Disaster Mitigation of Debris Flows,Slope Failures and Landslides,Universal Academy Press,Tokyo,Japan.pp 829-838.
Watanbe M,Mizuyama T,Uehara S(1980)Review of debris flow countermeasure facilities.Journal of the Japan Erosion Control Engineering Society 115:40-45(In Japanese).
Xie T,Yang H,Wei F,et al.(2014)A new type debris flow watersediment separation structure and its model test.Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 73(4):947-958.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-014-0585-9
Xie T,Wei F,Yang H,et al.(2015)Optimal value of structural parameters in a new water-sediment separation structure for debris flow defence.Mountain Research 33(1):116-122.(In Chinese)https://doi.org/10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000016.
Xie T,Wei F,Yang H,et al.(2017a)A design method for a debris flow water-sediment separation structure.Engineering Geology 220:94-98.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.01.025
Xie X,Wei F,Yang H,et al.(2016)Herringbone water-sediment separation structure parameters optimization based on the water-wood separation effect.Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition)48(1):55-63.(In Chinese)https://doi.org/10.15961/j.jsuese.2016.01.009
Xie X,Wei F,Yang H,et al.(2017b)Experimental study on large wood filtration performance by herringbone water-sediment separation structure.Journal of Mountain Science 14(2):269-281.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-016-3922-6
Armanini A,Dalr C,Larcher M(2006)Slit-check dams for controlling debris flows and mudflow.In:Disaster Mitigation of Debris Flows,Slope Failures and Landslides.Universal Academy Press,Tokyo,Japan.pp 141-148.
Ashida K,Takahashi T(1980)Study on debris flow control hydraulic function of grid type open dam.Annuals Disaster Prevention Res.Inst.,Kyoto Univ 23B(2):1-9.(In Japanese).
Brunkal H,Santi P(2016)Exploration of design parameters for a dewatering structure for debris flow mitigation.Engineering Geology 208:81-92.https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.04.011
Fei X,Kang Z,Wang Y(1991)Effect of fine grain and debris flow slurry bodies on debris flow motion.Mountain Research 9(3):143-152.https://doi.org/143-152.10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.1991.03.002(In Chinese)
Gonda Y(2009)Function of a debris flow brake.International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering 2(1):15-21.https://doi.org/10.13101/ijece.2.15
Ikeya H,Uehar S(1980)Experimental study about the sediment control of slit sabo dams.Journal of the Japan Erosion Control Engineering Society 114:37-44.(In Japanese)
Kaitna R,Chiari M,Kerschbaumer M,et al.(2011)Physical and numerical modelling of a bedload deposition area for an alpine torrent.Natural Hazards&Earth System Sciences11(6):1589-1597.https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-1589-2011
Lien HP(2003)Design of slit dams for controlling stony debris flows.International Journal of Sediment Research 18(1):74-87.
Mizuyama T,Suzuki H,Oikawa Y,et al.(1988)Experimental study on permeable sabo dam.Journal of the Japan Erosion Control Engineering Society 41(2):21-25(In Japanese).
Mizuyama T(2008)Structural countermeasures for debris flow disasters.International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering 1(2):38-43.https://doi.org/10.13101/ijece.1.38
Ono G,Mizuyama T,Matsumura K(2004)Current practices in the design and evaluation of steel sabo facilities in Japan.http://www.interpraevent.at/palmcms/upload_files/Publikationen/Tagungsbeitraege/2004_3_VII-253.pdf
Rickenmann D(1999)Empirical relationships for debris flows.Nature Hazards 19:47-77.https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008064220727
Brighenti R,Segalini A,Ferrero M(2013)Debris flow hazard mitigation:a simplified analytical model for the design of flexible barriers.Computers and Geotechnics 54:1-15.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2013.05.010
Shu A,Zhang Z,Wang L,et al.(2008)Method for determining the critical grain size of viscous debris flow based on energy dissipation principle.Journal of hydraulic engineering 38(3):257-263.(In Chinese)https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0559-9350.2008.03.001
Takahashi T(1991)Debris flow.Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 13(13):57-77.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.13.010181.000421
Wehrmann H,Hubl J,Holzinger G(2006)Classification of dams in torrential watersheds.In:Disaster Mitigation of Debris Flows,Slope Failures and Landslides,Universal Academy Press,Tokyo,Japan.pp 829-838.
Watanbe M,Mizuyama T,Uehara S(1980)Review of debris flow countermeasure facilities.Journal of the Japan Erosion Control Engineering Society 115:40-45(In Japanese).
Xie T,Yang H,Wei F,et al.(2014)A new type debris flow watersediment separation structure and its model test.Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 73(4):947-958.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-014-0585-9
Xie T,Wei F,Yang H,et al.(2015)Optimal value of structural parameters in a new water-sediment separation structure for debris flow defence.Mountain Research 33(1):116-122.(In Chinese)https://doi.org/10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000016.
Xie T,Wei F,Yang H,et al.(2017a)A design method for a debris flow water-sediment separation structure.Engineering Geology 220:94-98.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.01.025
Xie X,Wei F,Yang H,et al.(2016)Herringbone water-sediment separation structure parameters optimization based on the water-wood separation effect.Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition)48(1):55-63.(In Chinese)https://doi.org/10.15961/j.jsuese.2016.01.009
Xie X,Wei F,Yang H,et al.(2017b)Experimental study on large wood filtration performance by herringbone water-sediment separation structure.Journal of Mountain Science 14(2):269-281.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-016-3922-6