塔里木盆地典型盐渍土土壤成分分析
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摘要
[目的]研究塔里木盆地盐渍土成分信息。[方法]跨塔里木盆地选取11处土壤盐碱化极度严重的区域,每个区域重复采集5份土样,共计采集55份土壤,测量土壤中的K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO_3~-、CO_3~(2-)、Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)这8种离子的含量。[结果]每个区域内的5份土壤的盐成分信息一致,11个区域的土壤阴离子以Cl~-居多,占85.70%～97.90%,SO_4~(2-)在9个区域占比在5.00%以下,只有6个区域检出HCO_3~-,但占比少(0.49%～4.85%),CO_3~(2-)仅在一个区域检测到,且含量占比极低(0.19%);阳离子以Na~+为主,占比47.13%～95.50%,K~+次之,占比1.92%～42.13%,这2种离子占阳离子总数的90%以上,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)占比很少。[结论]塔里木盆地的盐渍土组分在数百公里间隔的空间分布上具有较高的一致性,阴离子以Cl~-为主,阳离子以Na~+和K~+为主,与北疆及我国东部地区的盐渍土成分信息明显不同。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the composition of saline soil in the Tarim Basin.[Method]Eleven saline-soil sites were sampled optionally in Tarim Basin,and five soil samples were collected in each site for a total of 55 soil samples.Eight ion contents,including K~+,Na~+,Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),HCO_3~-,CO_3~(2-),Cl~- and SO_4~(2-),were measured for each soil sample.[Result]The salt ion composition of five samples in the same site was consistent.The soil anions in 11 sites were mostly Cl~-,accounting for 85.70%-97.90%,and the anion SO_4~(2-) accounted for less than 5.00% in nine sites.The anion HCO_3~- had a small proportion(0.49%-4.85%) in six sites,and the anion only appeared in one site,with a quite low content(0.19%).The cation was mainly Na~+(47.13%-95.50%),and K~+ was the second(1.92%-42.13%) in eleven sites.The two ions account for more than 90% of the total number of cations.The anion of Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) accounted for a small proportion.[Conclusion]The saline soil components in Tarim Basin had a high consistency in the spatial distribution of hundreds of kilometers.The anions are mainly Cl~- and the cations are mainly Na~+ and K~+.It was different form the ion composition of saline soil in Northern Xinjiang and the eastern areas in China.
[Objective] The research aimed to study the composition of saline soil in the Tarim Basin.[Method]Eleven saline-soil sites were sampled optionally in Tarim Basin,and five soil samples were collected in each site for a total of 55 soil samples.Eight ion contents,including K~+,Na~+,Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),HCO_3~-,CO_3~(2-),Cl~- and SO_4~(2-),were measured for each soil sample.[Result]The salt ion composition of five samples in the same site was consistent.The soil anions in 11 sites were mostly Cl~-,accounting for 85.70%-97.90%,and the anion SO_4~(2-) accounted for less than 5.00% in nine sites.The anion HCO_3~- had a small proportion(0.49%-4.85%) in six sites,and the anion only appeared in one site,with a quite low content(0.19%).The cation was mainly Na~+(47.13%-95.50%),and K~+ was the second(1.92%-42.13%) in eleven sites.The two ions account for more than 90% of the total number of cations.The anion of Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) accounted for a small proportion.[Conclusion]The saline soil components in Tarim Basin had a high consistency in the spatial distribution of hundreds of kilometers.The anions are mainly Cl~- and the cations are mainly Na~+ and K~+.It was different form the ion composition of saline soil in Northern Xinjiang and the eastern areas in China.
引文
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[6] 付腾飞,张颖,高金尉,等.黄河三角洲土壤盐分时空变异特征研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(10):50-60.
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[10] 木合塔尔·吐尔洪,木尼热·阿不都克里木,西崎·泰,等.新疆南部地区盐渍化土壤的分布及性质特征[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(4):22-26.
[11] 曹文涛.基于野外实测光谱监测的潍北地区土壤盐分含量研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2017:8-10.
[12] 秦艳,周跃志,师庆东.基于气温、降水变化的南疆气候变化分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(8):54-57.
[13] 赵振亮,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,孙倩,等.土壤光谱特征分析及盐渍化信息提取:以新疆渭干河/库车河绿洲为例[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(2):280-288.
[14] 彭杰,王家强,向红英,等.土壤含盐量与电导率的高光谱反演精度对比研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(2):510-514.
[15] 刘亚秋.黄河三角洲盐渍土盐分及组分定量光谱估测研究:以山东省垦利区为例[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2017:10-11.
[16] 凌正洲.南疆盆地降水,气温天气气候特征的聚类分区[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,1994(4):30-34.
[17] 南京水利科学研究院.土工试验方法标准:GB/T 50123—1999[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.
[18] 陈广泉,刘文全,于洪军,等.基于GIS的莱州湾南岸土壤盐渍化特征分析研究[J].海洋科学进展,2012,30(4):501-507.
[19] 付腾飞,张颖,徐兴永,等.山东滨海低平原区盐渍土盐分的时空变异研究[J].海洋开发与管理,2017(12):38-45.
[20] 贺强,崔保山,赵欣胜,等.黄河河口盐沼植被分布多样性与土壤化学因子的相关关系[J].生态学报,2009,29(2):676-687.
[21] 刘文全,于洪军,徐兴永,等.基于地统计学的莱州湾南岸土壤盐分离子的空间变异性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(8):4802-4805.
[22] 王颖,刘会玲,崔江慧,等.环渤海地区盐渍土养分及盐分离子分布特征[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(1):344-348,356.
[2] 高善明,李元芳,安凤桐,等.黄河三角洲形成和沉积环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1989:7-112.
[3] 姚秀菊,王洪德,张福存,等.黄河三角洲地区地下淡水(微咸水)的形成与演化[J].地球学报,2002,23(4):375-378.
[4] 安永会,张福存,潘世兵.黄河三角洲浅层地下水三维数值模型与咸水入侵分析预测[J].工程勘察,2002(5):19-21.
[5] 杨劲松,姚荣江.黄河三角洲地区土壤水盐空间变异特征研究[J].地理科学,2007,27(3):348-353.
[6] 付腾飞,张颖,高金尉,等.黄河三角洲土壤盐分时空变异特征研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(10):50-60.
[7] 胡明芳,田长彦,赵振勇,等.新疆盐碱地成因及改良措施研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(10):111-117.
[8] 樊自立,乔木,徐海量,等.合理开发利用地下水是新疆盐渍化耕地改良的重要途径[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(5):737-743.
[9] 乔木,田长彦,王新平.新疆灌区土壤盐渍化及改良治理模式[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社,2008:17-30.
[10] 木合塔尔·吐尔洪,木尼热·阿不都克里木,西崎·泰,等.新疆南部地区盐渍化土壤的分布及性质特征[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(4):22-26.
[11] 曹文涛.基于野外实测光谱监测的潍北地区土壤盐分含量研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2017:8-10.
[12] 秦艳,周跃志,师庆东.基于气温、降水变化的南疆气候变化分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(8):54-57.
[13] 赵振亮,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,孙倩,等.土壤光谱特征分析及盐渍化信息提取:以新疆渭干河/库车河绿洲为例[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(2):280-288.
[14] 彭杰,王家强,向红英,等.土壤含盐量与电导率的高光谱反演精度对比研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(2):510-514.
[15] 刘亚秋.黄河三角洲盐渍土盐分及组分定量光谱估测研究:以山东省垦利区为例[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2017:10-11.
[16] 凌正洲.南疆盆地降水,气温天气气候特征的聚类分区[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,1994(4):30-34.
[17] 南京水利科学研究院.土工试验方法标准:GB/T 50123—1999[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.
[18] 陈广泉,刘文全,于洪军,等.基于GIS的莱州湾南岸土壤盐渍化特征分析研究[J].海洋科学进展,2012,30(4):501-507.
[19] 付腾飞,张颖,徐兴永,等.山东滨海低平原区盐渍土盐分的时空变异研究[J].海洋开发与管理,2017(12):38-45.
[20] 贺强,崔保山,赵欣胜,等.黄河河口盐沼植被分布多样性与土壤化学因子的相关关系[J].生态学报,2009,29(2):676-687.
[21] 刘文全,于洪军,徐兴永,等.基于地统计学的莱州湾南岸土壤盐分离子的空间变异性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(8):4802-4805.
[22] 王颖,刘会玲,崔江慧,等.环渤海地区盐渍土养分及盐分离子分布特征[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(1):344-348,356.