An efficient way to enhance the total nitrogen removal efficiency of the Anammox process by S~0-based short-cut autotrophic denitrification
|
摘要
In order to reduce the amount of NO_3~-–N generated by the Anammox process, and alleviate the competition between denitrification and Anammox for NO_2~-–N in a single reactor, the preference of S~0 for reacting with coexisting NO_2~-–N and NO_3~-–N in the sulfur autotrophic denitrifying(SADN) process and the coupling effect of short-cut SADN and the Anammox process were studied. The results showed that S~0 preferentially reacted with NO_3~-to produce NO_2~-–N, and then reacted with NO_2~-–N when NO_3~-–N was insufficient, which could effectively alleviate the competition between SADN bacteria(SADNB) and Anammox bacteria(An AOB) for NO_2~-–N. After 170 days of operation, coupling between short-cut S~0-SADN and the Anammox process was first successfully achieved. SADNB converted the NO_3~-–N generated by the Anammox process into NO_2~-–N, which was once again available to An AOB. The total nitrogen removal efficiency eventually stabilized at over 95%, and the effluent NO_3~-–N was controlled within 10 mg/L, when high NH_4~+–N wastewater was treated by the Anammox process. Microbial community analysis further showed that Candidatus Brocadia and Thiobacillus were the functional microorganisms for An AOB and SADNB.
In order to reduce the amount of NO_3~-–N generated by the Anammox process, and alleviate the competition between denitrification and Anammox for NO_2~-–N in a single reactor, the preference of S~0 for reacting with coexisting NO_2~-–N and NO_3~-–N in the sulfur autotrophic denitrifying(SADN) process and the coupling effect of short-cut SADN and the Anammox process were studied. The results showed that S~0 preferentially reacted with NO_3~-to produce NO_2~-–N, and then reacted with NO_2~-–N when NO_3~-–N was insufficient, which could effectively alleviate the competition between SADN bacteria(SADNB) and Anammox bacteria(An AOB) for NO_2~-–N. After 170 days of operation, coupling between short-cut S~0-SADN and the Anammox process was first successfully achieved. SADNB converted the NO_3~-–N generated by the Anammox process into NO_2~-–N, which was once again available to An AOB. The total nitrogen removal efficiency eventually stabilized at over 95%, and the effluent NO_3~-–N was controlled within 10 mg/L, when high NH_4~+–N wastewater was treated by the Anammox process. Microbial community analysis further showed that Candidatus Brocadia and Thiobacillus were the functional microorganisms for An AOB and SADNB.
In order to reduce the amount of NO_3~-–N generated by the Anammox process, and alleviate the competition between denitrification and Anammox for NO_2~-–N in a single reactor, the preference of S~0 for reacting with coexisting NO_2~-–N and NO_3~-–N in the sulfur autotrophic denitrifying(SADN) process and the coupling effect of short-cut SADN and the Anammox process were studied. The results showed that S~0 preferentially reacted with NO_3~-to produce NO_2~-–N, and then reacted with NO_2~-–N when NO_3~-–N was insufficient, which could effectively alleviate the competition between SADN bacteria(SADNB) and Anammox bacteria(An AOB) for NO_2~-–N. After 170 days of operation, coupling between short-cut S~0-SADN and the Anammox process was first successfully achieved. SADNB converted the NO_3~-–N generated by the Anammox process into NO_2~-–N, which was once again available to An AOB. The total nitrogen removal efficiency eventually stabilized at over 95%, and the effluent NO_3~-–N was controlled within 10 mg/L, when high NH_4~+–N wastewater was treated by the Anammox process. Microbial community analysis further showed that Candidatus Brocadia and Thiobacillus were the functional microorganisms for An AOB and SADNB.
引文
APHA,2005.Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.21st ed.American Public Health Association,Washington,DC.
Arriagada,C.,Guzmán-Fierro,V.,Giustinianovich,E.,AlejoAlvarez,L.,Behar,J.,Pereira,L.,et al.,2017.NOB suppression and adaptation strategies in the partial nitrificationAnammox process for a poultry manure anaerobic digester.Process Biochem.58,258-265.
Chen,J.,Ji,Q.,Zheng,P.,Chen,T.,Wang,C.,Mahmood,Q.,2010.Floatation and control of granular sludge in a high-rate anammox reactor.Water Res.44,3321-3328.
Chen,D.,Wang,D.,Xiao,Z.,Wang,H.,Yang,K.,2018a.Nitrate removal in a combined bioelectrochemical and sulfur autotrophic denitrification system under high nitrate concentration:effects of pH.Bioprocess Biosyst.Eng.41,449-455.
Chen,F.,Li,X.,Gu,C.,Huang,Y.,Yuan,Y.,2018b.Selectivity control of nitrite and nitrate with the reaction of S0 and achieved nitrite accumulation in the sulfur autotrophic denitrification process.Bioresour.Technol.266,211-219.
Christianson,L.,Lepine,C.,Tsukuda,S.,Saito,K.,Summerfelt,S.,2015.Nitrate removal effectiveness of fluidized sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification biofilters for recirculating aquaculture systems.Aquac.Eng.68,10-18.
Chung,J.,Amin,K.,Kim,S.,Yoon,S.,Kwon,K.,Bae,W.,2014.Autotrophic denitrification of nitrate and nitrite using thiosulfate as an electron donor.Water Res.58,169-178.
Dasgupta,S.,Wu,S.,Goel,R.,2017.Coupling autotrophic denitrification with partial nitritation-anammox(PNA)for efficient total inorganic nitrogen removal.Bioresour.Technol.243,700-707.
Dolejs,P.,Paclík,L.,Maca,J.,Pokorna,D.,Zabranska,J.,Bartacek,J.,2015.Effect of S/N ratio on sulfide removal by autotrophic denitrification.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.99,2383-2392.
Ghorbel,L.,Coudert,L.,Gilbert,Y.,Mercier,G.,Blais,J.-F.,2017.Determination of critical operational conditions favoring sulfide production from domestic wastewater treated by a sulfur-utilizing denitrification process.J.Environ.Manag.198,16-23.
Guo,Q.,Hu,H.-Y.,Shi,Z.-J.,Yang,C.-C.,Li,P.,Huang,M.,et al.,2016.Towards simultaneously removing nitrogen and sulfur by a novel process:Anammox and autotrophic desulfurization-denitrification(AADD).Chem.Eng.J.297,207-216.
Hernández,S.-M.,Sun,W.,Sierra-Alvarez,R.,Field,J.-A.,2013.Toluene-nitrite inhibition synergy of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing(anammox)activity.Process Biochem.48,926-930.
Jin,R.-C.,Yang,G.-F.,Zhang,Q.-Q.,Ma,C.,Yu,J.-J.,Xing,B.-S.,2013.The effect of sulfide inhibition on the ANAMMOXprocess.Water Res.47,1459-1469.
Kostrytsia,A.,Papirio,S.,Frunzo,L.,Mattei,M.-R.,Porca,E.,Collins,G.,et al.,2018.Elemental sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification and denitritation:microbially catalyzed sulfur hydrolysis and nitrogen conversions.J.Environ.Manag.211,313-322.
Kumar,M.,Daverey,A.,Gu,J.-D.,Lin,J.-G.,2017.15-Anammox Processes.Curr.Dev.Biotechnol.Bioeng.381-407.
Li,X.,Zhang,D.-L.,Huang,Y.,Chen,Z.-H.,Yuan,Y.,2014.Effect of gas-lift device on nitrogen removal efficiency of ANAMMOXreactor.Environ.Sci.35,3449-3454.
Li,R.,Feng,C.,Xi,B.,Chen,N.,Jiang,Y.,Zhao,Y.,et al.,2017.Nitrate removal efficiency of a mixotrophic denitrification wall for nitrate-polluted groundwater in situ remediation.Ecol.Eng.106,523-531.
Li,X.,Yuan,Y.,Wang,F.,Huang,Y.,Qiu,Q.-T.,Yi,Y.,et al.,2018a.Highly efficient of nitrogen removal from mature landfill leachate using a combined DN-PN-Anammox process with a dual recycling system.Bioresour.Technol.265,357-364.
Li,X.,Yuan,Y.,Yuan,Y.,Bi,Z.,Liu,X.,Huang,Y.,et al.,2018b.Effects of salinity on the denitrification efficiency and community structure of a combined partial nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation process.Bioresour.Technol.249,550-556.
Lin,X.,Wang,Y.,2017.Microstructure of anammox granules and mechanisms endowing their intensity revealed by microscopic inspection and rheometry.Water Res.120,22-31.
Liu,C.,Zhao,D.,Yan,L.,Wang,A.,Gu,Y.,Lee,D.-J.,2015.Elemental sulfur formation and nitrogen removal from wastewaters by autotrophic denitrifiers and anammox bacteria.Bioresour.Technol.191,332-336.
Lotti,T.,Kleerebezem,R.,Lubello,C.,van Loosdrecht,M.-C.-M.,2014.Physiological and kinetic characterization of a suspended cell anammox culture.Water Res.60,1-14.
Ma,H.,Niu,Q.,Zhang,Y.,He,S.,Li,Y.-Y.,2017.Substrate inhibition and concentration control in an UASB-Anammox process.Bioresour.Technol.238,263-272.
Mahmood,Q.,Zheng,P.,Cai,J.,Wu,D.,Hu,B.,Islam,E.,et al.,2010.Comparison of anoxic sulfide biooxidation using nitrate/nitrite as electron acceptor.Environ.Prog.Sustain.Energy 26,169-177.
Moraes,B.-S.,Souza,T.-S.-O.,Foresti,E.,2012.Effect of sulfide concentration on autotrophic denitrification from nitrate and nitrite in vertical fixed-bed reactors.Process Biochem.47,1395-1401.
Narita,Y.,Zhang,L.,Kimura,Z.-I.,Ali,M.,Fujii,T.,Okabe,S.,2017.Enrichment and physiological characterization of an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium‘Candidatus Brocadia sapporoensis’.Syst.Appl.Microbiol.40,448-457.
Reino,C.,Suárez-Ojeda,M.-E.,Pérez,J.,Carrera,J.,2018.Stable long-term operation of an upflow anammox sludge bed reactor at mainstream conditions.Water Res.128,331-340.
Rios-Del Toro,E.-E.,Cervantes,F.-J.,2016.Coupling between anammox and autotrophic denitrification for simultaneous removal of ammonium and sulfide by enriched marine sediments.Biodegradation 27,1-12.
Sadeq,M.,Moe,C.-L.,Attarassi,B.,Cherkaoui,I.,ElAouad,R.,Idrissi,L.,2008.Drinking water nitrate and prevalence of methemoglobinemia among infants and children aged 1-7years in Moroccan areas.Int.J.Hyg.Environ.Health 211,546-554.
Sahinkaya,E.,Dursun,N.,2012.Sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic and mixotrophic denitrification processes for drinking water treatment:Elimination of excess sulfate production and alkalinity requirement.Chemosphere 89,144-149.
Sahinkaya,E.,Kilic,A.,Duygulu,B.,2014.Pilot and full scale applications of sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification process for nitrate removal from activated sludge process effluent.Water Res.60,210-217.
Shao,M.-F.,Tong,Z.,Fang,H.-H.-P.,2010.Sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification:diversity,biochemistry,and engineering applications.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.88,1027-1042.
Sri Shalini,S.,Joseph,K.,2018.Combined SHARON and ANAMMOX processes for ammoniacal nitrogen stabilisation in landfill bioreactors.Bioresour.Technol.250,723-732.
Strous,M.,Heijnen,J.-J.,Kuenen,J.-G.,Jetten,M.-S.-M.,1998.The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.50,589-596.
Sun,Y.,Nemati,M.,2012.Evaluation of sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification and denitritation for biological removal of nitrate and nitrite from contaminated waters.Bioresour.Technol.114,207-216.
Tang,C.-J.,Zheng,P.,Chai,L.-Y.,Min,X.-B.,2013.Characterization and quantification of anammox start-up in UASB reactors seeded with conventional activated sludge.Int.Biodeterior.Biodegrad.82,141-148.
Tatari,K.,Musovic,S.,Gülay,A.,Dechesne,A.,Albrechtsen,H.-J.,Smets,B.F.,2017.Density and distribution of nitrifying guilds in rapid sand filters for drinking water production:dominance of Nitrospira spp.Water Res.127,239-248.
Wahman,D.-G.,Speitel,G.-E.,2015.Hydroxylamine addition impact to Nitrosomonas europaea activity in the presence of monochloramine.Water Res.68,719-730.
Wang,Y.,Wang,Y.,Wei,Y.,Chen,M.,2015.In-situ restoring nitrogen removal for the combined partial nitritationanammox process deteriorated by nitrate build-up.Biochem.Eng.J.98,127-136.
Wang,Y.,Ma,X.,Zhou,S.,Lin,X.,Ma,B.,Park,H.-D.,et al.,2016a.Expression of the nirS,hzsA,and hdh genes in response to nitrite shock and recovery in Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis.Environ.Sci.Technol.50,6940-6947.
Wang,Z.,Peng,Y.,Miao,L.,Cao,T.,Zhang,F.,Wang,S.,et al.,2016b.Continuous-flow combined process of nitritation and ANAMMOX for treatment of landfill leachate.Bioresour.Technol.214,514-519.
Wang,G.,Xu,X.,Zhou,L.,Wang,C.,Yang,F.,2017.A pilot-scale study on the start-up of partial nitrification-anammox process for anaerobic sludge digester liquor treatment.Bioresour.Technol.241,181-189.
Xu,J.-J.,Cheng,Y.-F.,Xu,L.-Z.-J.,Liu,Y.-Y.,Zhu,B.-Q.,Fan,N.-S.,et al.,2019.The revolution of performance,sludge characteristics and microbial community of anammox biogranules under long-term NiO NPs exposure.Sci.Total Environ.649,440-447.
Yamamoto,T.,Takaki,K.,Koyama,T.,Furukawa,K.,2008.Longterm stability of partial nitritation of swine wastewater digester liquor and its subsequent treatment by Anammox.Bioresour.Technol.99,6419-6425.
Zhou,W.,Sun,Y.,Wu,B.,Zhang,Y.,Huang,M.,Miyanaga,T.,et al.,2011.Autotrophic denitrification for nitrate and nitrite removal using sulfur-limestone.J.Environ.Sci.23,1761-1769.
Zhou,W.,Li,Y.,Liu,X.,He,S.,Huang,J.-C.,2017.Comparison of microbial communities in different sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification reactors.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.101,447-453.
Arriagada,C.,Guzmán-Fierro,V.,Giustinianovich,E.,AlejoAlvarez,L.,Behar,J.,Pereira,L.,et al.,2017.NOB suppression and adaptation strategies in the partial nitrificationAnammox process for a poultry manure anaerobic digester.Process Biochem.58,258-265.
Chen,J.,Ji,Q.,Zheng,P.,Chen,T.,Wang,C.,Mahmood,Q.,2010.Floatation and control of granular sludge in a high-rate anammox reactor.Water Res.44,3321-3328.
Chen,D.,Wang,D.,Xiao,Z.,Wang,H.,Yang,K.,2018a.Nitrate removal in a combined bioelectrochemical and sulfur autotrophic denitrification system under high nitrate concentration:effects of pH.Bioprocess Biosyst.Eng.41,449-455.
Chen,F.,Li,X.,Gu,C.,Huang,Y.,Yuan,Y.,2018b.Selectivity control of nitrite and nitrate with the reaction of S0 and achieved nitrite accumulation in the sulfur autotrophic denitrification process.Bioresour.Technol.266,211-219.
Christianson,L.,Lepine,C.,Tsukuda,S.,Saito,K.,Summerfelt,S.,2015.Nitrate removal effectiveness of fluidized sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification biofilters for recirculating aquaculture systems.Aquac.Eng.68,10-18.
Chung,J.,Amin,K.,Kim,S.,Yoon,S.,Kwon,K.,Bae,W.,2014.Autotrophic denitrification of nitrate and nitrite using thiosulfate as an electron donor.Water Res.58,169-178.
Dasgupta,S.,Wu,S.,Goel,R.,2017.Coupling autotrophic denitrification with partial nitritation-anammox(PNA)for efficient total inorganic nitrogen removal.Bioresour.Technol.243,700-707.
Dolejs,P.,Paclík,L.,Maca,J.,Pokorna,D.,Zabranska,J.,Bartacek,J.,2015.Effect of S/N ratio on sulfide removal by autotrophic denitrification.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.99,2383-2392.
Ghorbel,L.,Coudert,L.,Gilbert,Y.,Mercier,G.,Blais,J.-F.,2017.Determination of critical operational conditions favoring sulfide production from domestic wastewater treated by a sulfur-utilizing denitrification process.J.Environ.Manag.198,16-23.
Guo,Q.,Hu,H.-Y.,Shi,Z.-J.,Yang,C.-C.,Li,P.,Huang,M.,et al.,2016.Towards simultaneously removing nitrogen and sulfur by a novel process:Anammox and autotrophic desulfurization-denitrification(AADD).Chem.Eng.J.297,207-216.
Hernández,S.-M.,Sun,W.,Sierra-Alvarez,R.,Field,J.-A.,2013.Toluene-nitrite inhibition synergy of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing(anammox)activity.Process Biochem.48,926-930.
Jin,R.-C.,Yang,G.-F.,Zhang,Q.-Q.,Ma,C.,Yu,J.-J.,Xing,B.-S.,2013.The effect of sulfide inhibition on the ANAMMOXprocess.Water Res.47,1459-1469.
Kostrytsia,A.,Papirio,S.,Frunzo,L.,Mattei,M.-R.,Porca,E.,Collins,G.,et al.,2018.Elemental sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification and denitritation:microbially catalyzed sulfur hydrolysis and nitrogen conversions.J.Environ.Manag.211,313-322.
Kumar,M.,Daverey,A.,Gu,J.-D.,Lin,J.-G.,2017.15-Anammox Processes.Curr.Dev.Biotechnol.Bioeng.381-407.
Li,X.,Zhang,D.-L.,Huang,Y.,Chen,Z.-H.,Yuan,Y.,2014.Effect of gas-lift device on nitrogen removal efficiency of ANAMMOXreactor.Environ.Sci.35,3449-3454.
Li,R.,Feng,C.,Xi,B.,Chen,N.,Jiang,Y.,Zhao,Y.,et al.,2017.Nitrate removal efficiency of a mixotrophic denitrification wall for nitrate-polluted groundwater in situ remediation.Ecol.Eng.106,523-531.
Li,X.,Yuan,Y.,Wang,F.,Huang,Y.,Qiu,Q.-T.,Yi,Y.,et al.,2018a.Highly efficient of nitrogen removal from mature landfill leachate using a combined DN-PN-Anammox process with a dual recycling system.Bioresour.Technol.265,357-364.
Li,X.,Yuan,Y.,Yuan,Y.,Bi,Z.,Liu,X.,Huang,Y.,et al.,2018b.Effects of salinity on the denitrification efficiency and community structure of a combined partial nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation process.Bioresour.Technol.249,550-556.
Lin,X.,Wang,Y.,2017.Microstructure of anammox granules and mechanisms endowing their intensity revealed by microscopic inspection and rheometry.Water Res.120,22-31.
Liu,C.,Zhao,D.,Yan,L.,Wang,A.,Gu,Y.,Lee,D.-J.,2015.Elemental sulfur formation and nitrogen removal from wastewaters by autotrophic denitrifiers and anammox bacteria.Bioresour.Technol.191,332-336.
Lotti,T.,Kleerebezem,R.,Lubello,C.,van Loosdrecht,M.-C.-M.,2014.Physiological and kinetic characterization of a suspended cell anammox culture.Water Res.60,1-14.
Ma,H.,Niu,Q.,Zhang,Y.,He,S.,Li,Y.-Y.,2017.Substrate inhibition and concentration control in an UASB-Anammox process.Bioresour.Technol.238,263-272.
Mahmood,Q.,Zheng,P.,Cai,J.,Wu,D.,Hu,B.,Islam,E.,et al.,2010.Comparison of anoxic sulfide biooxidation using nitrate/nitrite as electron acceptor.Environ.Prog.Sustain.Energy 26,169-177.
Moraes,B.-S.,Souza,T.-S.-O.,Foresti,E.,2012.Effect of sulfide concentration on autotrophic denitrification from nitrate and nitrite in vertical fixed-bed reactors.Process Biochem.47,1395-1401.
Narita,Y.,Zhang,L.,Kimura,Z.-I.,Ali,M.,Fujii,T.,Okabe,S.,2017.Enrichment and physiological characterization of an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium‘Candidatus Brocadia sapporoensis’.Syst.Appl.Microbiol.40,448-457.
Reino,C.,Suárez-Ojeda,M.-E.,Pérez,J.,Carrera,J.,2018.Stable long-term operation of an upflow anammox sludge bed reactor at mainstream conditions.Water Res.128,331-340.
Rios-Del Toro,E.-E.,Cervantes,F.-J.,2016.Coupling between anammox and autotrophic denitrification for simultaneous removal of ammonium and sulfide by enriched marine sediments.Biodegradation 27,1-12.
Sadeq,M.,Moe,C.-L.,Attarassi,B.,Cherkaoui,I.,ElAouad,R.,Idrissi,L.,2008.Drinking water nitrate and prevalence of methemoglobinemia among infants and children aged 1-7years in Moroccan areas.Int.J.Hyg.Environ.Health 211,546-554.
Sahinkaya,E.,Dursun,N.,2012.Sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic and mixotrophic denitrification processes for drinking water treatment:Elimination of excess sulfate production and alkalinity requirement.Chemosphere 89,144-149.
Sahinkaya,E.,Kilic,A.,Duygulu,B.,2014.Pilot and full scale applications of sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification process for nitrate removal from activated sludge process effluent.Water Res.60,210-217.
Shao,M.-F.,Tong,Z.,Fang,H.-H.-P.,2010.Sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification:diversity,biochemistry,and engineering applications.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.88,1027-1042.
Sri Shalini,S.,Joseph,K.,2018.Combined SHARON and ANAMMOX processes for ammoniacal nitrogen stabilisation in landfill bioreactors.Bioresour.Technol.250,723-732.
Strous,M.,Heijnen,J.-J.,Kuenen,J.-G.,Jetten,M.-S.-M.,1998.The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.50,589-596.
Sun,Y.,Nemati,M.,2012.Evaluation of sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification and denitritation for biological removal of nitrate and nitrite from contaminated waters.Bioresour.Technol.114,207-216.
Tang,C.-J.,Zheng,P.,Chai,L.-Y.,Min,X.-B.,2013.Characterization and quantification of anammox start-up in UASB reactors seeded with conventional activated sludge.Int.Biodeterior.Biodegrad.82,141-148.
Tatari,K.,Musovic,S.,Gülay,A.,Dechesne,A.,Albrechtsen,H.-J.,Smets,B.F.,2017.Density and distribution of nitrifying guilds in rapid sand filters for drinking water production:dominance of Nitrospira spp.Water Res.127,239-248.
Wahman,D.-G.,Speitel,G.-E.,2015.Hydroxylamine addition impact to Nitrosomonas europaea activity in the presence of monochloramine.Water Res.68,719-730.
Wang,Y.,Wang,Y.,Wei,Y.,Chen,M.,2015.In-situ restoring nitrogen removal for the combined partial nitritationanammox process deteriorated by nitrate build-up.Biochem.Eng.J.98,127-136.
Wang,Y.,Ma,X.,Zhou,S.,Lin,X.,Ma,B.,Park,H.-D.,et al.,2016a.Expression of the nirS,hzsA,and hdh genes in response to nitrite shock and recovery in Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis.Environ.Sci.Technol.50,6940-6947.
Wang,Z.,Peng,Y.,Miao,L.,Cao,T.,Zhang,F.,Wang,S.,et al.,2016b.Continuous-flow combined process of nitritation and ANAMMOX for treatment of landfill leachate.Bioresour.Technol.214,514-519.
Wang,G.,Xu,X.,Zhou,L.,Wang,C.,Yang,F.,2017.A pilot-scale study on the start-up of partial nitrification-anammox process for anaerobic sludge digester liquor treatment.Bioresour.Technol.241,181-189.
Xu,J.-J.,Cheng,Y.-F.,Xu,L.-Z.-J.,Liu,Y.-Y.,Zhu,B.-Q.,Fan,N.-S.,et al.,2019.The revolution of performance,sludge characteristics and microbial community of anammox biogranules under long-term NiO NPs exposure.Sci.Total Environ.649,440-447.
Yamamoto,T.,Takaki,K.,Koyama,T.,Furukawa,K.,2008.Longterm stability of partial nitritation of swine wastewater digester liquor and its subsequent treatment by Anammox.Bioresour.Technol.99,6419-6425.
Zhou,W.,Sun,Y.,Wu,B.,Zhang,Y.,Huang,M.,Miyanaga,T.,et al.,2011.Autotrophic denitrification for nitrate and nitrite removal using sulfur-limestone.J.Environ.Sci.23,1761-1769.
Zhou,W.,Li,Y.,Liu,X.,He,S.,Huang,J.-C.,2017.Comparison of microbial communities in different sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification reactors.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.101,447-453.