国际小学外语教学研究及其启示
摘要
我国人口众多,经济发展不平衡,开设小学外语课程经验还不足,特别是研究的基础相当薄弱,面临的困难和问题还很多,而有效地解决开设过程中的问题是关系到小学英语课程能否成功开设的关键。积极研究和汲取国外小学外语教学的经验,认真分析国外小学外语课程的研究成果和存在的问题,将有助于我们总结经验,吸取教训,为有效地解决问题提供支持。
引文
[1] Dnscoll P. MFL in the Primary School: A Fresh Sturl [A]. P Driscoll, D Frost (eds). The Teaching of Modern Foreign Languages in the Prnitarv School [ C]. London: Romledge, 1999. 9-26.
[2] Vivet, A 'Sens et role des langues dans le developpeinent des enfants' in Council of Europe, Report on Workshop 17, 1995. Strasbourg: Couticil of Europe. 见Dnscoll P. 1999.
[3] Blondin C. , Candeher M. , Edelenbos P. , Johnstone R. , Kubanek桮erman A. Taeschner T. Foreign Languages in Primary and Pre-School Education, Context and Out comes. A Review of Recent Research within the European Union. Covent Garden. London; Centre for Information onLanguage Teaching and Research, 1998.
[4] Edelenbos P. Leergangen Vour Engels in het basisondenwijs vergeleken. Dissertation University of Groningen. Gronin-gen: RION, 1990.
[5] Kahl P. , Knebler U. English in der Grundschule , und dann? Evaluation des Hamburger Schulversuchs. Berlin: Cornelsen, 1996.
[6] Genelot S. 1996. L'enseignement des langues a I'ecole pri-maire:quels acquis pour quels ef fets au college? Elements d'evaluation: le cas de l'anglais. Dijon: Institut de Recherche sur l'Ecolomie de l'Education. 见 Blondin, et al. , 1998.
[7] Low L, Duffield J, Brown S, Johnstone R. Evaluating For -eign Languages in Scottish Primary Schools. Report to Scottish Office. Stirling: Scottish CILT, 1993.
[8] Pinto MA. Ledevlopment metalinguistique chez les infants bilingues. Problematiques theoriques et resultats de recherche. Scientia Paedagogica Experimentalis, xxx, 1 , 1993. 119-148.
[9] Pinto M A, Taeschner T, Titone R. Second Language Teaching in Italian Primary Education [A]. P Edelen bos, R Johnstone (eds.). Researching Languages at Pri mary School: Some European Perspectives [C]. Stirling: Scottish CILT, 1996. 27 - 46.
[10] Ministry Expert Group, France, 1996 .
[11] Brossowd J. Foreign Language Teaching in French Schools-Very Young Learners Now Join Young Learners [A], In Nicholas Tate ed. Modern Foreign Languages in the Primary Curriculum [C]. School Curriculum and Assessment Authority, 1997.
[12] Burmeister P. 1994. English im Bili-Vorlauf: Pilotstudie zur Leistungsfa higkeit des versta rkten Vorlaufs in der 5. Jahrgangsstufe deutsch-englisch bilingualer Zweige in Schlesw'ig-Holstein. Kiel. 见 Blondin, et al. . 1998.
[13] Taeschner T. A Developmental Psycholinguistic Approach to Second Language Teaching. Ablex: Norwood, 1991. 见 Blondin, et al. , 1998.
[14] Curtain H. Early Language Learning in the V. S. A [A]. M Nikolov, H Curtain (eds. ). An Early Start : Young Learn-ers and Modern languages in Europe and Beyond [C]. European Centre for Modern Languages. Strasbourg Cedex: Council of Europe Publishing, 2000. 191 - 208.
[15] Curtain H, Time as a Factor in Early Start Progammes [A]. J Moon, M Nikolov (eds). Research into Teaching English to Young Learners [C]. Pecs, University of Pecs, 1999. 87-120.
[16] Met M, Rhodes N. Elementary School FL Instruction: Priorities for the 1990:s [J]. Foreign Language Annals, 1990. 23 (S): 433 - 443.
[17] Carroll JB. A Model of School Learning [A]. C W Fisher DC Berliner (eds). Perspectives on Instructional Time [C].. White Plams, N. Y. : Longman, 1985. 59-72.
[18] Curtain H, Pesola A. Languages and Children: Making the Match [ M ]. Second Edition. New York: Longman, 1994.
[19] Edelenbos P. De aansluiting tussen Engels in het basison-derwijs en Engels in het voo rtgezet onderwijs. Eindrap-port SVO-project 0015. Groningen: RION. 1993.
[20] Taeschner T. A Developmental Psycholinguistic Approach to Second Language Teaching. Ablex: Norwood, 1991.
[21] Gangle R. Learning Through Interaction - A Discourse Model for FLT to Primaries. Manusript: Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Karl-Franzens - Universititat, Graz. 1997. 见 Blondin, et al. , 1998.
[22] Campo O. 1996. A scuola si raccontano le favole. Un'espe-rienza didattica col format. Tesi di Laurea. Facolta di Psi-cologia, Universita di Roma 'La Sapienza; Lerna, A. and Taeschner, T. 1993. Progetto Europeo di cooperazione:. L' insegnameento della seconda lingua a bambini dai 3 ai 10 ann. Rapporto Tecnoco, Universita degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza; 见 Blondin, et al. , 1998.
[23] Lerna A. Taeschner T. 1991. Sperimentazion ' Tedesco nelle prime elementari'. Rapporti Tecnici n. 1, 2, 3 e 4, Universitd degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza'. 见 Blondin, et al. , 1998.
[24] Scovel T. A Time to Speak : A Psycholinguistic Inquiry into the Critical Period for Human Speech. New York: Newbury House/Harper & Row. 1988,
[25] Penfield W, Roberts L. Speech and Brain-mechanisms [M]. Princeton N. J: Princeton University Press, 1959.
[26] Lenneberg E. Biological Foundations of Language. New York: Wiley. 1967.
[27] Lamendella J. General Principles of Neurofunctional Organization and Their Manifestations in Primary and Non-primary Language Acquisition [J]. Language Learning, 1977, 27, 155-196.
[28] Nikolov M. Issues in Research into Early Foreign Language Programs [A]. J Moon, M Nikolov (eds). Research into Teaching English to Young Learners : Interna tionul Perspectives [C]. Pecs, University of Pecs. 2000. 21-48.
[29] Rixon R. English and Other Languages for Younger Children: Practice and Theory in Rapidly Changing World [ J ]. Language Teaching, 1992, 25 (2): 73 - 93.
[2] Vivet, A 'Sens et role des langues dans le developpeinent des enfants' in Council of Europe, Report on Workshop 17, 1995. Strasbourg: Couticil of Europe. 见Dnscoll P. 1999.
[3] Blondin C. , Candeher M. , Edelenbos P. , Johnstone R. , Kubanek桮erman A. Taeschner T. Foreign Languages in Primary and Pre-School Education, Context and Out comes. A Review of Recent Research within the European Union. Covent Garden. London; Centre for Information onLanguage Teaching and Research, 1998.
[4] Edelenbos P. Leergangen Vour Engels in het basisondenwijs vergeleken. Dissertation University of Groningen. Gronin-gen: RION, 1990.
[5] Kahl P. , Knebler U. English in der Grundschule , und dann? Evaluation des Hamburger Schulversuchs. Berlin: Cornelsen, 1996.
[6] Genelot S. 1996. L'enseignement des langues a I'ecole pri-maire:quels acquis pour quels ef fets au college? Elements d'evaluation: le cas de l'anglais. Dijon: Institut de Recherche sur l'Ecolomie de l'Education. 见 Blondin, et al. , 1998.
[7] Low L, Duffield J, Brown S, Johnstone R. Evaluating For -eign Languages in Scottish Primary Schools. Report to Scottish Office. Stirling: Scottish CILT, 1993.
[8] Pinto MA. Ledevlopment metalinguistique chez les infants bilingues. Problematiques theoriques et resultats de recherche. Scientia Paedagogica Experimentalis, xxx, 1 , 1993. 119-148.
[9] Pinto M A, Taeschner T, Titone R. Second Language Teaching in Italian Primary Education [A]. P Edelen bos, R Johnstone (eds.). Researching Languages at Pri mary School: Some European Perspectives [C]. Stirling: Scottish CILT, 1996. 27 - 46.
[10] Ministry Expert Group, France, 1996 .
[11] Brossowd J. Foreign Language Teaching in French Schools-Very Young Learners Now Join Young Learners [A], In Nicholas Tate ed. Modern Foreign Languages in the Primary Curriculum [C]. School Curriculum and Assessment Authority, 1997.
[12] Burmeister P. 1994. English im Bili-Vorlauf: Pilotstudie zur Leistungsfa higkeit des versta rkten Vorlaufs in der 5. Jahrgangsstufe deutsch-englisch bilingualer Zweige in Schlesw'ig-Holstein. Kiel. 见 Blondin, et al. . 1998.
[13] Taeschner T. A Developmental Psycholinguistic Approach to Second Language Teaching. Ablex: Norwood, 1991. 见 Blondin, et al. , 1998.
[14] Curtain H. Early Language Learning in the V. S. A [A]. M Nikolov, H Curtain (eds. ). An Early Start : Young Learn-ers and Modern languages in Europe and Beyond [C]. European Centre for Modern Languages. Strasbourg Cedex: Council of Europe Publishing, 2000. 191 - 208.
[15] Curtain H, Time as a Factor in Early Start Progammes [A]. J Moon, M Nikolov (eds). Research into Teaching English to Young Learners [C]. Pecs, University of Pecs, 1999. 87-120.
[16] Met M, Rhodes N. Elementary School FL Instruction: Priorities for the 1990:s [J]. Foreign Language Annals, 1990. 23 (S): 433 - 443.
[17] Carroll JB. A Model of School Learning [A]. C W Fisher DC Berliner (eds). Perspectives on Instructional Time [C].. White Plams, N. Y. : Longman, 1985. 59-72.
[18] Curtain H, Pesola A. Languages and Children: Making the Match [ M ]. Second Edition. New York: Longman, 1994.
[19] Edelenbos P. De aansluiting tussen Engels in het basison-derwijs en Engels in het voo rtgezet onderwijs. Eindrap-port SVO-project 0015. Groningen: RION. 1993.
[20] Taeschner T. A Developmental Psycholinguistic Approach to Second Language Teaching. Ablex: Norwood, 1991.
[21] Gangle R. Learning Through Interaction - A Discourse Model for FLT to Primaries. Manusript: Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Karl-Franzens - Universititat, Graz. 1997. 见 Blondin, et al. , 1998.
[22] Campo O. 1996. A scuola si raccontano le favole. Un'espe-rienza didattica col format. Tesi di Laurea. Facolta di Psi-cologia, Universita di Roma 'La Sapienza; Lerna, A. and Taeschner, T. 1993. Progetto Europeo di cooperazione:. L' insegnameento della seconda lingua a bambini dai 3 ai 10 ann. Rapporto Tecnoco, Universita degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza; 见 Blondin, et al. , 1998.
[23] Lerna A. Taeschner T. 1991. Sperimentazion ' Tedesco nelle prime elementari'. Rapporti Tecnici n. 1, 2, 3 e 4, Universitd degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza'. 见 Blondin, et al. , 1998.
[24] Scovel T. A Time to Speak : A Psycholinguistic Inquiry into the Critical Period for Human Speech. New York: Newbury House/Harper & Row. 1988,
[25] Penfield W, Roberts L. Speech and Brain-mechanisms [M]. Princeton N. J: Princeton University Press, 1959.
[26] Lenneberg E. Biological Foundations of Language. New York: Wiley. 1967.
[27] Lamendella J. General Principles of Neurofunctional Organization and Their Manifestations in Primary and Non-primary Language Acquisition [J]. Language Learning, 1977, 27, 155-196.
[28] Nikolov M. Issues in Research into Early Foreign Language Programs [A]. J Moon, M Nikolov (eds). Research into Teaching English to Young Learners : Interna tionul Perspectives [C]. Pecs, University of Pecs. 2000. 21-48.
[29] Rixon R. English and Other Languages for Younger Children: Practice and Theory in Rapidly Changing World [ J ]. Language Teaching, 1992, 25 (2): 73 - 93.