土壤有机碳化学性质的研究及NMR和Py-GC/MS技术的应用
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摘要
土壤有机碳表征着土壤的质量和生产力,从化学本质来看,有机碳化学主要涉及化学结构及化学成分2方面.以土壤有机碳的化学性质为主要对象,在土壤有机碳化学结构和功能方面,对其涉及的主要研究方法进行概述,同时综述了人为因素和自然因素对有机碳化学性质的影响研究,总结当前研究中的不足,并提出了今后有关土壤有机碳化学的研究方向,以期为深入开展土壤生态系统碳循环的研究提供参考.
Soil organic carbon characterizes soil quality and productivity. In the view of chemistry,chemistry of organic carbon involves both chemical structure and chemical composition. In this paper,chemical properties of soil organic carbon are taken as the research object. In short,it is summarized that the main research methods about chemical structure and function involve in soil organic carbon as well as the impact of human factors and natural factors on the chemical properties of organic carbon. Furthermore,the previous-research deficiencies are summarized and future research directions on chemistry of soil organic carbon are put forward in order to provide a reference for the further research on carbon cycle of soil ecosystem.
Soil organic carbon characterizes soil quality and productivity. In the view of chemistry,chemistry of organic carbon involves both chemical structure and chemical composition. In this paper,chemical properties of soil organic carbon are taken as the research object. In short,it is summarized that the main research methods about chemical structure and function involve in soil organic carbon as well as the impact of human factors and natural factors on the chemical properties of organic carbon. Furthermore,the previous-research deficiencies are summarized and future research directions on chemistry of soil organic carbon are put forward in order to provide a reference for the further research on carbon cycle of soil ecosystem.
引文
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[14]卓苏能,文启孝.核磁共振技术在土壤有机质研究中应用的新进展(下)[J].土壤学进展,1994,22(6):26-34.
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[16]Ussiri D A N,Johnson C E.Characterization of organic matter in a northern hardwood forest soil by13C NMR spectroscopy and chemical methods[J].Geoderma,2003,111(1):123-149.
[17]Gregorich E G,Drury C F,Baldock J A.Changes in soil carbon under long-term maize in monoculture and legumebased rotation[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2001,81(1):21-31.
[18]Biederbeck V O,Janzen H H,Campbell C A,et al.Labile soil organic matter as influenced by cropping practices in an arid environment[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1994,26(12):1647-1656.
[19]周萍,潘根兴,等.南方典型水稻土长期试验下有机碳积累机制研究Ⅳ.颗粒有机质热裂解-气相-质谱法分子结构初步表征[J].土壤学报,2011,48(1):112-124.
[20]Young I,Crawford J.Interactions and self-organization in the soil-microbe complex[J].Science,2004,304:1634-1637.
[21]Martin S B.Gas chromatography:application to the study of rapid degradative reactions in solids[J].Journal of Chromatography A,1959,2(3):272-283.
[22]Huang Zhiquan,Xu Zhihong,Chen Chengrong,et al.Changes in soil carbon during the establishment of a hardwood plantation in subtropical Australia[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2008,254(1):46-55.
[23]高茜,向能军,许永,等.Py-GC/MS分析技术与其在烟用中草药添加剂中的应用[J].光谱实验室,2008,25(5):1015-1019.
[24]丛巍巍.东北平原地区退耕还林对土壤有机碳含量和组成影响的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[25]Voorhees K J.Analytical pyrolysis:techniques and applications[M].Netherlands:Elsevier Science,2013.
[26]Ibarra D,Río J C D,Gutiérrez A,et al.Chemical characterization of residual lignins from eucalypt paper pulps[J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,2005,74(1):116-122.
[27]Jiang Tao,Kaal J,Liang Jian,et al.Composition of dissolved organic matter(DOM)from periodically submerged soils in the Three Gorges Reservoir areas as determined by elemental and optical analysis,infrared spectroscopy,pyrolysis-GC-MS and thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,603/604:461.
[28]Sch9ning I,K9gel-Knabner I.Chemical composition of young and old carbon pools throughout Cambisol and Luvisol profiles under forests[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(8):2411-2424.
[29]Courtier-Murias D,Simpson A J,Marzadori C,et al.Unraveling the long-term stabilization mechanisms of organic materials in soils by physical fractionation and NMR spectroscopy[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2013,171(4):9-18.
[30]Helgason B L,Walley F L,Germida J J.Long-term no-till management affects microbial biomass but not community composition in Canadian prairie agroecosystems[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(12):2192-2202.
[31]Chen Xiaofen,Li Zhongpei,Liu Ming,et al.Microbial community and functional diversity associated with different aggregate fractions of a paddy soil fertilized with organic manure and/or NPK fertilizer for 20 years[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2015,15(2):292-301.
[32]Baumann K,Sanaullah M,Chabbi A,et al.Changes in litter chemistry and soil lignin signature during decomposition and stabilisation of13C labelled wheat roots in three subsoil horizons[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,67:55-61.
[33]Helfrich M,Ludwig B,Buurman P,et al.Effect of land use on the composition of soil organic matter in density and aggregate fractions as revealed by solid-state13C NMR spectroscopy[J].Geoderma,2006,136(1):331-341.
[34]Eshetu B,Jandl G,Leinweber P.Compost changed soil organic matter molecular composition:a Py-GC/MS and PyFIMS study[J].Compost Science and Utilization,2012,20(4):230-238.
[35]Petersen S O,Debosz K,Schjnning P,et al.Phospholipid fatty acid profiles and C availability in wet-stable macroaggregates from conventionally and organically farmed soils[J].Geoderma,1997,78(3):181-196.
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