西藏林芝6.9级地震崩塌地质灾害模式浅析
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摘要
2017年11月18日,西藏林芝米林县发生M_s6.9级地震,震源深度10 km。为了揭示林芝6.9级地震触发的地质灾害特征,通过现场野外实地调查和卫星遥感解译得出:林芝6.9级地震触发的地震地质灾害以小型崩塌为主,分为土质崩塌和岩质崩塌,土质崩塌模式主要有浅表层崩塌,堆积体中的块石、孤石等震动滚落崩塌;岩质崩塌模式有:拉裂-倾倒崩塌、震动-滑移崩塌、震动-坠落式崩塌;林芝地震触发的地质灾害主要受地形地貌,地层岩性组合,人类工程建设活动影响;具有明显的地形放大效应,崩塌源主要分布在山体斜坡的凸出部位和坡性转折部位以及单薄山脊等强卸荷部位。
At 18th November 2017,a M_s6.9 earthquake,with a focal depth of 10 km,struck Linzhi prefecture,Tibet,China. In order to reveal the typical characteristics of geohazards triggered by Linzhi earthquake,an emergency investigation and remote sensing interpretation are carried out. The results show that the geohazards that triggered by Linzhi earthquake are mainly small-scale rockfalls and residual accumulation failure. The accumulation failure also can be divided into shallow collapses and single boulder,in accumulation,failure. The failure modes of rockfall mainly consist crack-toppling failure,Shaking-sliding failure and Shaking-failing failure. Topography and geomorphology,lithology and human activity have obvious influence on distribution and occurrence of geohazards.There exists back slope effect in geohazard distribution. The collapse is mainly distributed in the up part of mountain,ridge and slope break,it shows topographic amplification effect.
At 18th November 2017,a M_s6.9 earthquake,with a focal depth of 10 km,struck Linzhi prefecture,Tibet,China. In order to reveal the typical characteristics of geohazards triggered by Linzhi earthquake,an emergency investigation and remote sensing interpretation are carried out. The results show that the geohazards that triggered by Linzhi earthquake are mainly small-scale rockfalls and residual accumulation failure. The accumulation failure also can be divided into shallow collapses and single boulder,in accumulation,failure. The failure modes of rockfall mainly consist crack-toppling failure,Shaking-sliding failure and Shaking-failing failure. Topography and geomorphology,lithology and human activity have obvious influence on distribution and occurrence of geohazards.There exists back slope effect in geohazard distribution. The collapse is mainly distributed in the up part of mountain,ridge and slope break,it shows topographic amplification effect.
引文
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7周德培,张建经,汤涌.汶川地震中道路边坡工程震害分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2010;29(3):565-576Zhou Depei,Zhang Jianjing,Tang Yong.Seismic damage analysis of road slopes in Wenchuan earthquake.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010;29(3):565-576
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10李廷栋.青藏高原隆升的过程和机制.地球学报,1995;16(1):1-9Li Tingdong.The uplifting process and mchanism of the Qinhai-Tibet plateau.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,1995;16(1):1-9
11李霍,巨能攀,郑达,等.贵州上洋水河流域拉裂-倾倒型崩塌机理研究.工程地质学报,2013;21(2):289-296Li Huo,Ju Nengpan,Zheng Da,et al.Mechnisim of rockfall with crock-toppling mode at up-stream of Yangshui river basin in Guezhou province.Journal of Engineering Geology,2013;21(2):289-296
12张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理.北京:地质出版社,2005Zhang Zhuoyuan,Wang Shitian,Wang Lansheng.Analytical principles of engineering geology.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2005
13王霞.青海省玉树州典型崩塌变形破坏模式与过程分析.西安:长安大学,2016Wang xia.Study on the failure modes and process of typical collapse in Yushu,Qinghai-tibet.Xi’an:Chang’an University,2016
14罗永红,王运生.汶川地震诱发山地斜坡震动的地形放大效应.山地学报,2013;31(2):200-210Luo Yonghong,Wang Yunsheng.Mountain slope ground motion topography amplification effect induced by Wenchuan earthquake.Mountain Research,2013;31(2):200-210
15 Wang Y S,Luo Y H,Wang F H,et al.Slope seismic response monitoring on the aftershocks of the Wenchuan earthquake in the Mianzhu section.Journal of Mountain Science,2012;9(4):523-528
2西藏自治区地震局.西藏林芝6.9级地震烈度图.2017-11-22[2017-12-01].http://www.xizdzj.gov.cn/action/page UI_show News Content.action?id=9741&page Id=1Tibet Seismological Bureau.The seismic intensity map of Tibet Linzhi Ms6.9 earthquake.2017-11-22[2017-12-01].http://www.xizdzj.gov.cn/action/page UI_show News Content.action?id=9741&page Id=1
3郑来林,耿全如.1∶25万墨脱县幅地质图和区域地质调查报告:H46C0034004.成都:成都地质矿产研究所,2003Zheng Lailin,Geng Quanru.1∶250 000 regional geological map and regional geological survey report:H46C0034004.Chengdu:Chengdu Institute of Geology and mineral resources,2003
4申通,王运生.汶川地震震中区崩塌发育规律.科学技术与工程,2016;16(9):7-14Shen Tong,Wang Yunsheng.Development pattern of collapses in Wenchuan earthquake epicentral area.Science Technology and Engineering,2016;16(9):7-14
5韩湘涛.西藏冈底斯-念青唐古拉造山带南缘构造地层概要.西藏地质,1997;(2):9-23Han Xiangtao.Tibet Gangdise-Nyainqentanglha orogenic belt of tectonic stratigraphic profile.Tibet Geology,1997;(2):9-23
6苏生瑞,李松,王孝建.震后公路边坡崩塌灾害分类研究.公路,2012;(4):58-64Su Shengrui,Li Song,Wang Xiaojian.Classification of post-earthquake rock falls of highway slopes.Highway,2012;(4):58-64
7周德培,张建经,汤涌.汶川地震中道路边坡工程震害分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2010;29(3):565-576Zhou Depei,Zhang Jianjing,Tang Yong.Seismic damage analysis of road slopes in Wenchuan earthquake.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010;29(3):565-576
8裴向军,黄润秋.“4·20”芦山地震地质灾害特征分析.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2013;40(3):257-263Pei Xiangjun,Huang Runqiu.Analysis of characteristics of geological hazards by“4·20”Lushan earthquake in Sichuan,China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2013;40(3):257-263
9丁秀美.西南地区复杂环境下典型堆积(填)体斜坡变形及稳定性研究.成都:成都理工大学,2005Ding Xiumei.A study on the deformation and stability of representative debris&embankment slope with complicated environment in Southwestern China.Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2005
10李廷栋.青藏高原隆升的过程和机制.地球学报,1995;16(1):1-9Li Tingdong.The uplifting process and mchanism of the Qinhai-Tibet plateau.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,1995;16(1):1-9
11李霍,巨能攀,郑达,等.贵州上洋水河流域拉裂-倾倒型崩塌机理研究.工程地质学报,2013;21(2):289-296Li Huo,Ju Nengpan,Zheng Da,et al.Mechnisim of rockfall with crock-toppling mode at up-stream of Yangshui river basin in Guezhou province.Journal of Engineering Geology,2013;21(2):289-296
12张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理.北京:地质出版社,2005Zhang Zhuoyuan,Wang Shitian,Wang Lansheng.Analytical principles of engineering geology.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2005
13王霞.青海省玉树州典型崩塌变形破坏模式与过程分析.西安:长安大学,2016Wang xia.Study on the failure modes and process of typical collapse in Yushu,Qinghai-tibet.Xi’an:Chang’an University,2016
14罗永红,王运生.汶川地震诱发山地斜坡震动的地形放大效应.山地学报,2013;31(2):200-210Luo Yonghong,Wang Yunsheng.Mountain slope ground motion topography amplification effect induced by Wenchuan earthquake.Mountain Research,2013;31(2):200-210
15 Wang Y S,Luo Y H,Wang F H,et al.Slope seismic response monitoring on the aftershocks of the Wenchuan earthquake in the Mianzhu section.Journal of Mountain Science,2012;9(4):523-528