山区公路沿线小流域划分及流域特征分析
|
摘要
以重庆市巴南区安澜、跳石两镇主要公路干线为研究对象,采用大比例尺地形图为基础数据建立公路沿线数字高程模型,基于ArcGIS水文分析模块通过DEM填洼、水流方向分析、汇流累积量计算、河网提取等对研究区公路沿线进行小流域划分,并分析其流域特征。研究表明:研究区集水栅格阈值为15 000时提取的水系与实际河网最接近,以此将研究区划分为87个小流域,其中公路通过31个小流域。在31个小流域中,有58.06%的小流域面积在1～5 km2之间;小流域形状系数在0.32～4.96之间;小流域起伏度在121～535 m之间;各小流域到达公路最大汇流累积量在46～759 348之间。
Taking the main arterial road of Anlan and Tiaoshi in Chongqing Ba'nan District as the research projects,the large scale topographic map is used as basic data to build digital elevation model along roads.On the basis of ArcGIS hydrological analysis module,some studies are carried out to divide the small watersheds along the mountain roads and analyze the watershed features,such as the DEM filling,flow direction analysis,confluence accumulation calculation,extraction of river network and so on.The research results show that the extracted water system is most approximate to the actual river nets when the set water grid threshold value is 15,000;and then the research areas are divided into 87 small watersheds,in which the road passes 31 watersheds.In the 31 small watersheds,the areas of the watersheds accounting for 58.06% are between 1and 5 km2;the shape coefficients of the small watersheds are between 0.32 and 4.96;the undulation of small watershed is between 121 and 535 m;the biggest confluence accumulation of small watersheds which cross the road is between 46 and 759,348.
Taking the main arterial road of Anlan and Tiaoshi in Chongqing Ba'nan District as the research projects,the large scale topographic map is used as basic data to build digital elevation model along roads.On the basis of ArcGIS hydrological analysis module,some studies are carried out to divide the small watersheds along the mountain roads and analyze the watershed features,such as the DEM filling,flow direction analysis,confluence accumulation calculation,extraction of river network and so on.The research results show that the extracted water system is most approximate to the actual river nets when the set water grid threshold value is 15,000;and then the research areas are divided into 87 small watersheds,in which the road passes 31 watersheds.In the 31 small watersheds,the areas of the watersheds accounting for 58.06% are between 1and 5 km2;the shape coefficients of the small watersheds are between 0.32 and 4.96;the undulation of small watershed is between 121 and 535 m;the biggest confluence accumulation of small watersheds which cross the road is between 46 and 759,348.
引文
[1]林杰,张波,李海东,等.基于HEC-GeoHMS和DEM的数字小流域划分[J].南京林业大学学报,2009,33(5):65-68.Lin Jie,Zhang Bo,Li Haidong,et al.Based on the HEC-GeoHMSand DEM digital watershed division[J].The Journal of Nanjing For-estry University,2009,33(5):65-68.
[2]龙海峰,熊立华,万民.基于DEM的分布式水文模型在清江流域的应用[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012(1):73-80.Long Haifeng,Xiong Lihua,Wan Min.Based on DEM distributedhydrological model in the application of Qingjiang river basin[J].The Yangtze River Resources and Environment,2012(1):73-80.
[3]任立良,刘新仁.数字高程模型在流域水系拓扑结构计算中的应用[J].水科学进展,1999,10(2):129-134.Ren Liliang,Liu Xinren.Digital elevation model in the river drain-age topology structure in the calculation of the application[J].WaterScientific Progress,1999,10(2):129-134.
[4]任立良,刘新仁.基于数字流域的水文过程模拟研究[J].自然灾害学报,2000,19(4):45-52.Ren Liliang,Liu Xinren.Based on the digital watershed hydrologi-cal process simulation research[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2000,19(4):45-52.
[5]唐从国,刘丛强.基于ArcHydro Tools的流域特征自动提取——以贵州省内乌江流域为例[J].地球与环境,2006,34(3):30-37.Tang Congguo,Liu Congqiang.Based on the ArcHydro Tools of riv-er basin features automatic extraction in Wujiang river basin inGuizhou province as an example[J].The Earth and Environmental,2006,34(3):30-37.
[6]许冲,李金玲,李琰庆.都江堰市白沙河子流域划分与水系提取研究[J].工程地质计算机应用,2009(1):19-22.Xu Chong,Li Jinling,Li Yanqing.Basha river of Dujiangyan citywatershed division and drainage extraction research[J].EngineeringGeology Computer Application,2009(1):19-22.
[7]汤国安.ARCGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.Tang Guo'an,ARCGIS Geographic Information System Spatial Analy-sis Experiment Course[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006.
[8]王玉富,王翰钊.ArcGIS环境下基于DEM的流域特征提取[J].湖北民族学院学报,2010,28(4):439-442.Wang Yufu,Wang Hanzhao.ArcGIS environment of river basinbased on DEM feature extraction[J].Journal of Hubei Institute forNationalities,2010,28(4):439-442.
[9]周启鸣,刘学军.数字地形分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.Zhou Qiming,Liu Xuejun.Digital Terrain Analysis[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006.
[10]O’Callaghan J F,Mark D M.The extraction of drainage networkfrom digital elevation data[J].Computer Vision,Graphics and Im-age Processing,1984,28:323-344.
[11]叶爱中,夏军,王纲胜,等.基于数字高程模型的河网提取及子流域生成[J].水利学报,2005,36(5):1-9.Ye Aizhong,Xia Jun,Wang Gangsheng,et al.Based on the digitalelevation model of river network extraction and fruit basin formation[J].Journal of Hydraulic,2005,36(5):1-9.
[12]管华.水文学[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.Guan Hua.Hydrology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.
[2]龙海峰,熊立华,万民.基于DEM的分布式水文模型在清江流域的应用[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012(1):73-80.Long Haifeng,Xiong Lihua,Wan Min.Based on DEM distributedhydrological model in the application of Qingjiang river basin[J].The Yangtze River Resources and Environment,2012(1):73-80.
[3]任立良,刘新仁.数字高程模型在流域水系拓扑结构计算中的应用[J].水科学进展,1999,10(2):129-134.Ren Liliang,Liu Xinren.Digital elevation model in the river drain-age topology structure in the calculation of the application[J].WaterScientific Progress,1999,10(2):129-134.
[4]任立良,刘新仁.基于数字流域的水文过程模拟研究[J].自然灾害学报,2000,19(4):45-52.Ren Liliang,Liu Xinren.Based on the digital watershed hydrologi-cal process simulation research[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2000,19(4):45-52.
[5]唐从国,刘丛强.基于ArcHydro Tools的流域特征自动提取——以贵州省内乌江流域为例[J].地球与环境,2006,34(3):30-37.Tang Congguo,Liu Congqiang.Based on the ArcHydro Tools of riv-er basin features automatic extraction in Wujiang river basin inGuizhou province as an example[J].The Earth and Environmental,2006,34(3):30-37.
[6]许冲,李金玲,李琰庆.都江堰市白沙河子流域划分与水系提取研究[J].工程地质计算机应用,2009(1):19-22.Xu Chong,Li Jinling,Li Yanqing.Basha river of Dujiangyan citywatershed division and drainage extraction research[J].EngineeringGeology Computer Application,2009(1):19-22.
[7]汤国安.ARCGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.Tang Guo'an,ARCGIS Geographic Information System Spatial Analy-sis Experiment Course[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006.
[8]王玉富,王翰钊.ArcGIS环境下基于DEM的流域特征提取[J].湖北民族学院学报,2010,28(4):439-442.Wang Yufu,Wang Hanzhao.ArcGIS environment of river basinbased on DEM feature extraction[J].Journal of Hubei Institute forNationalities,2010,28(4):439-442.
[9]周启鸣,刘学军.数字地形分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.Zhou Qiming,Liu Xuejun.Digital Terrain Analysis[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006.
[10]O’Callaghan J F,Mark D M.The extraction of drainage networkfrom digital elevation data[J].Computer Vision,Graphics and Im-age Processing,1984,28:323-344.
[11]叶爱中,夏军,王纲胜,等.基于数字高程模型的河网提取及子流域生成[J].水利学报,2005,36(5):1-9.Ye Aizhong,Xia Jun,Wang Gangsheng,et al.Based on the digitalelevation model of river network extraction and fruit basin formation[J].Journal of Hydraulic,2005,36(5):1-9.
[12]管华.水文学[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.Guan Hua.Hydrology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.