阿富汗喀布尔超镁铁岩型铬铁矿成矿条件与找矿潜力探讨
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摘要
阿富汗喀布尔地块位于欧亚板块与印度板块碰撞交汇处,属特提斯喜马拉雅成矿域组成部分。伴随晚中生代、新生代以来新特提斯洋的拉张、闭合,喀布尔地块产生了大量与板块俯冲碰撞有关的超镁铁杂岩带,蛇纹石化普遍发育。该超镁铁岩带向东经巴基斯坦延伸至我国西藏境内,著名的罗布莎铬铁矿床可与之对比。洛加尔铬铁矿是喀布尔地块具代表性的、与始新世超镁铁岩有关的岩浆型矿床。典型矿床地质特征研究表明,洛加尔铬铁矿属与PPG型蛇绿岩有关的富铬型地幔橄榄岩熔融产物。通过典型矿床研究与区域成矿条件分析,认为喀布尔地区具良好的成矿地质背景,成矿条件优越,具寻找豆荚状铬铁矿床潜力。
Kabur block in Afghanistan,situating on intersection part between Eurasian plate and Indian plate, belong to component parts of Tethys- Himalaya metallogenic domain.Followed by tension,subduction and closure of Neo- Tethys ocean dating from late Mesozoic,Cenozoic era,a large number of ultrabasic complex belt related with plate subduction and collision generated in the Kabur block,and widespread developed serpentinization. This ultrabasic rock belt extend from Pakistan across eastern Tibet in China, Luo Busha chromite deposit can be comparative. Logar chromite deposit,one typical type of magmatic deposits on Afghanistan massif, is related with ultramafic rocks of Eocene. Ultramafic rock belt hosting ore deposit extends esteran toward to China Tibet through Pakistan, and can compared with ultramafic belt hosting Luo Busha chromite deposit. Analysis and researches about geological characteristics of typical deposit indicate that the Logar chromite deposit belongs to melting products of chromium-rich and mantle peridotite relating with PPGtype ophiolites. Throughing typical deposit studying and regional metallogenetic conditions analyzing, it is believed that Kabur district has advantageous ore- forming settings and metallogenic conditions, has the great potential of searching podiform chromite deposits.
Kabur block in Afghanistan,situating on intersection part between Eurasian plate and Indian plate, belong to component parts of Tethys- Himalaya metallogenic domain.Followed by tension,subduction and closure of Neo- Tethys ocean dating from late Mesozoic,Cenozoic era,a large number of ultrabasic complex belt related with plate subduction and collision generated in the Kabur block,and widespread developed serpentinization. This ultrabasic rock belt extend from Pakistan across eastern Tibet in China, Luo Busha chromite deposit can be comparative. Logar chromite deposit,one typical type of magmatic deposits on Afghanistan massif, is related with ultramafic rocks of Eocene. Ultramafic rock belt hosting ore deposit extends esteran toward to China Tibet through Pakistan, and can compared with ultramafic belt hosting Luo Busha chromite deposit. Analysis and researches about geological characteristics of typical deposit indicate that the Logar chromite deposit belongs to melting products of chromium-rich and mantle peridotite relating with PPGtype ophiolites. Throughing typical deposit studying and regional metallogenetic conditions analyzing, it is believed that Kabur district has advantageous ore- forming settings and metallogenic conditions, has the great potential of searching podiform chromite deposits.
引文
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[2]ESCAP,Atlas of Mineral Resources of the ESCAP.Region:Geology and Mineral Resources[R].1995,11:85.
[3]张洪瑞,侯增谦,杨志明.特提斯成矿域主要金属矿床类型与成矿过程[J].矿床地质,2010,29(1):113-133.
[4]Sengor A M C.Mid-Mezozoic closure of Permo-Triassic Tethys and its implications[J].Nature,1979,279:590-593.
[5]Sengor A M C.1987.Tectonics of the tethysides:Orogenic collage development in a collisional setting[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,15:213-244.
[6]李荣社,计文化,杨永成,等.昆仑山及邻区地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2008,384-388.
[7]王宏,林方成,李兴振,等.缅甸中北部及邻区构造单元划分及新特提斯构造演化[J].中国地质,2012,39(4):912-922.
[8]康磊,校培喜,高晓峰,等.西昆仑慕士塔格岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年:对古特提斯碰撞时限的制约[J].地质论评,2012,58(4):763-774.
[9]Sh.Abdullah,N.Azimi,A..Arsalang,et al,.Geology and mineral resources of Afghanistan[M].British Geological Survey,2008.
[10]Sborshchikov I.M.,Drannikov V.S.,Bilan I.K.The geology and minerals of South and South-East Afghanistan(parts of map sheets 500-III,-IV;600-II,600-IV).Kabul,DGMS,1974.
[11]Shcherbina Yu.I.,Petrov S.E.,Silkin V.G.The geology and minerals of the central part of the Kabul Median Mass(Report by the Adreskan party on geological survey and prospecting in 1973-1974).Kabul,DGMS,1975.
[12]Chmyriov V.M.,Stazhilo-Alekseev K.F.,Azimi N.Ore formations of Afghanistan.Theses of reports.In:Bulletin of the IVth Scientific Conference held in KU and KPI.Kabul,1976,62-63.
[13]王希斌,周详,郝梓国.西藏罗布莎铬铁矿床的进一步找矿意见和建议[J].地质通报,2010,29(1):105-114
[14]王喜臣,王琳,刘扬,等.蛇绿岩与铬铁矿[J].矿床地质,2010,29(S1):893-894.
[15]王希斌,鲍佩声.豆荚状铬铁矿床的成因—以西藏自治区罗布莎铬铁矿床为例[J].地质学报,1987,2:166-183.
[16]周二斌.豆荚状铬铁矿床的研究现状及进展[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2011,30(3):530-542.
[17]Cassard D,Nicolas A.Structure classification of chromire pods in Southern New Caledonia[J].Econ.Geology,1981,76:805-831.
[18]鲍佩声.再论蛇绿岩中豆荚状铬铁矿的成因—质疑岩石/熔体反应成矿说[J].地质通报,2009,28(12):1741-1761.
[19]白文吉,杨经绥,方青松,等.西藏蛇绿岩中不寻常的地幔矿物群[J].中国地质,2003,30(2):144-150.
[20]白文吉,杨经绥,方青松,等.寻找超高压地幔矿物的储存库—豆荚状铬铁矿[J].地学前缘,2001,8(3):111-121.
[21]史仁灯,黄启帅,刘德亮,等.古老大陆岩石圈地幔再循环与蛇绿岩中铬铁矿床成因[J].地质论评,2012,58(4):643-652