海相碳酸盐岩大中型油气田成藏体系及分布特征
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摘要
基于全球53个海相碳酸盐岩含油气盆地199个大中型油气田的最新资料,根据油气成藏体系理论的分析原则,将成藏体系的"源-位"分类方案应用于海相碳酸盐岩大中型油气田,统计分析了这些油气田中单源一位、单源二位、单源三位、二源二位、二源三位和三源三位6类成藏体系类型油气田的分布和储量特征,厘定海相碳酸盐岩盆地油气富集的主要成藏体系类型,揭示其对海相碳酸盐岩盆地油气富集的控制作用。结果表明,海相碳酸盐岩大中型油气田中最主要、最普遍的成藏体系类型为单源三位,这类成藏体系富集的油气储量最多,其次为单源二位和二源三位,而归属于其它成藏体系类型的油气田储量不大,个数亦相对较少,分布也较为分散。单源二位是最优越的成藏体系,具有规模性的成藏效应,但后期需较好的保存条件。此外,单源一位更多地表现为非常规性质,成藏体系的三大要素集于同一套岩层,但这种成藏体系在海相碳酸盐岩层系中发现的最少。
A classification of petroleum accumulation systems( PAS) of marine carbonate fields was attempted by using the latest data of 199 medium to large marine carbonate fields from 53 petroliferous basins around the world and a"source-element"classification scheme. The result shows that PAS of the fields can be categorized into six types: one source-one element,one source-two elements,one source-three elements,two sources-two elements,two sources-three elements and three sources-three elements. The distribution patterns and characteristics of petroleum reserves for each of the6 types of PAS were investigated and the dominate types with high hydrocarbon richness in marine carbonate petroliferous basins were identified,and their controls on hydrocarbon enrichment were revealed. Statistical analytical results show that one source-three elements PAS not only hosts the largest share of petroleum reserves but also occurs the most widely. It is followed by one source-two elements and two sources-three elements PAS. For other types of PAS,both the reserves and the numbers of occurrence are relatively small. One source-two element PAS is the most promising among all the types but it requires more favorable later preserving conditions. One-source-one element PAS presents itself mostly as unconventional reservoirs but is rarely found in marine carbonate rocks.
A classification of petroleum accumulation systems( PAS) of marine carbonate fields was attempted by using the latest data of 199 medium to large marine carbonate fields from 53 petroliferous basins around the world and a"source-element"classification scheme. The result shows that PAS of the fields can be categorized into six types: one source-one element,one source-two elements,one source-three elements,two sources-two elements,two sources-three elements and three sources-three elements. The distribution patterns and characteristics of petroleum reserves for each of the6 types of PAS were investigated and the dominate types with high hydrocarbon richness in marine carbonate petroliferous basins were identified,and their controls on hydrocarbon enrichment were revealed. Statistical analytical results show that one source-three elements PAS not only hosts the largest share of petroleum reserves but also occurs the most widely. It is followed by one source-two elements and two sources-three elements PAS. For other types of PAS,both the reserves and the numbers of occurrence are relatively small. One source-two element PAS is the most promising among all the types but it requires more favorable later preserving conditions. One-source-one element PAS presents itself mostly as unconventional reservoirs but is rarely found in marine carbonate rocks.
引文
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[2]金之钧,张一伟,王捷,等.油气成藏机理与分布规律[M].北京:地质出版社,2003:73-94.Jin Zhijun,Zhang Yiwei,Wang Jie,et al.The accumulation mechanism and distribution regularity of oil and gas[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003:73-94.
[3]庞雄奇,金之钧,姜振学,等.叠合盆地油气资源评价问题及其研究意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):9-13.Pang Xiongqi,Jin Zhijun,Jiang Zhenxue,et al.Evaluation of hydrocarbon resources of superimposed basin and its significance[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(1):9-13.
[4]金之钧,王清晨.中国典型叠合盆地与油气成藏研究新进展——以塔里木盆地为例[J].中国科学:D辑,地球科学,2004,34(S1):1-12.Jin Zhijun,Wang Qingchen.The research advances on typical superimposed basins and their hydrocarbon migration and accumulation:a case study of Tarim basin[J].China Science(Series D),2004,34(S1):1-12.
[5]金之钧.中国典型叠合盆地与油气成藏研究新进展(之一)——叠合盆地划分与研究方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(5):553-562.Jin Zhijun.New advancement in research of China’s typical superimposed basins and reservoiring(Part I):classification and research methods of superimposed basins[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(5):553-562.
[6]高小康,胡文瑄,曹剑,等.准噶尔盆地莫索湾—莫北地区油气运移方向和成藏体系[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(2):250-256.Gao Xiaokang,Hu Wenxuan,Cao Jian,et al.Study of hydrocarbon migration accumulation in the Mosuowan-Mobei area in Junggar basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(2):250-256.
[7]黄金柱.油气成藏体系概述及研究方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2008,15(2):40-47.Huang Jinzhu.Concept and research methods of petroleum accumulation system[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2008,15(2):40-47.
[8]金之钧.典型叠合盆地油气成藏体系研究思路与方法——以准噶尔盆地中部地区油气藏为例[J].高校地质学报,2011,17(2):161-169.Jin Zhijun.Methods in studying petroleum accumulation systems in a superimposed basin:a case study of petroleum reservoirs in the central Junggar basin[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2011,17(2):161-169.
[9]Jin Zhijun.Formation and accumulation of oil and gas in marine carbonate sequences in Chinese sedimentary basins[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2012,55(3):368-385.
[10]陶崇智,白国平,王大鹏,等.塔里木盆地与威利斯顿盆地古生界海相碳酸盐岩油气成藏特征对比[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(4):431-440.Tao Chongzhi,Bai Guoping,Wang Dapeng,et al.A comparison of hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of the Paleozoic marine carbonates in Tarim Basin and Williston Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(4):431-440.
[11]张善文,王永诗,石砥石,等.网毯式油气成藏体系——以济阳坳陷新近系为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(1):1-10.Zhang Shanwen,Wang Yongshi,Shi Dishi,et al.Meshwork-carpet type oil and gas pool-forming system-Taking Neogene of Jiyang depression as an example[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(1):1-10.
[12]姜素华,李涛,姜雨.东营凹陷网毯式油气成藏体系油气运聚探讨[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(5):1-6.Jiang Suhua,Li Tao,Jiang Yu.Discussion on petroleum migrating and accumulating of meshwork-carpet type oil and gas pool-forming system in Dongying depression[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,(Nature Science Edition),2007,31(5):1-6.
[13]徐怀民,徐朝晖,张善文,等.中国东部陆相盆地的层次结构、油气成藏体系与隐蔽油气藏特征——以济阳坳陷为例[J].中国科学(D辑),2008,38(S1):129-137.Xu Huaimin,Xu Zhaohui,Zhang Shanwen,et al.Layer structure,petroleum accumulation system and characteristic of subtle reservoir of continental basins in eastern China:Taking Jiyang depression for example[J].China Science(Series D),2008,38(S1):129-137.
[14]胡宗全,尹伟,伍新和,等.中国中西部四大盆地碎屑岩油气成藏体系及其分布规律[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(4):561-570.Hu Zongquan,Yin Wei,Wu Xinhe,et al.Petroleum accumulation systems of clastic strata and their distribution in the four large-sized basins in central-western China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(4):561-570.
[15]IHS Energy Group.International petroleum exploration and production database[DB/OL].[2015-01-05].http://www.ihs.com/products/oil-gas-information/data-access/geophysical-surveys/index.aspx.
[16]Gautier D L,Dolton G L,Takahashi K I,et al.1995 National assess-ment of United States oil and gas resources-Result,methodology,and supporting data[EB/CD].Denver:U.S.Geological Survey,2000.
[17]U.S.Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team.U.S.Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000-Description and results[EB/CD].Denver:U.S.Geological Survey,2000.
[18]Mann P,Gahagan L,Gordon M B.Tectonic setting of the world’s giant oil and gas fields[C]//Halbouty M T.AAPG Memoir No.78:Giant oil and gas fields of the decade 1990-1999.Tulsa:AAPG,2003:15-105.
[19]Sonnenberg S A,Pramudito A.Petroleum geology of the giant Elm Coulee field,Williston Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(9):1127-1153.
[20]Nordeng S H.The Bakken petroleum system:An example of a continuous petroleum accumulation[J].North Dakota Department of Mineral Resources Newsletter,2009,36(1):19-22.
[21]Kuhn P P,Primio R D,Horfield B.Bulk composition and phase behavior of petroleum sourced by the Bakken Formation of the Williston Basin[J].Geological Society,London,Petroleum Geology Conference series,2010,7:1065-1077.
[22]Webster R L.Petroleum source rocks and stratigraphy of the Bakken Formation in North Dakota[C]//Woodward J,Meissner F F,Clayton J L,et al.Hydrocarbon source rocks of the greater Rocky Mountain region.Symposium of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists,1984:57-81.
[23]Eidsnes H V.Structural and stratigraphic factors influencing hydrocarbon accumulations in the Bakken Petroleum System in the Elm Coulee field,Williston Basin,Montana[D].Colorado:Colorado school of mines,2014.
[24]Loucks R G,Anderson J H.Depositional facies,diagenetic terranes,and porosity development in lower Ordovician Ellenburger dolomite,Puckett Field,West Texas[C]//Roehl P O,Choquette P W,eds.Carbonate Petroleum Reservoirs.New York:Springer-Verlag,1985:19-37.
[25]James G A,Wynd J G.Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian Oil Consortium agreement area[J].AAPG Bulletin,1965,49(12):2182-2245.
[26]张震,李浩武,段宏臻,等.扎格罗斯盆地新生界Asmari-Gachsaran成藏组合地质特征及成藏模式[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(2):190-199.Zhang Zhen,Li Haowu,Duan Hongzhen,et al.Geological characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation model of the Cenozoic AsmariGachsaran play,Zagros Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(2):190-199.
[27]Kosari E,Gharehcheloo S,Kadkhodaieilkhchi A,et al.Fracture characterization by fusion of geophysical and geomechanical data:a case study from the Asmari reservoir,the Central Zagros fold-thrust belt[J].Journal of Geophysics&Engineering,2015,12(1):130-143.
[28]Kafka F T,Kirkbridge R K.The Ragusa oil field,Sicily[C]//Proceedings of 5th World Petroleum Congress.New York,1959:61-85.
[29]Vercellino J,Rigo F P.Geology and exploration of Sicily and adjacent areas[C]//Halbouty M T,ed.Geology of Giant Petroleum Fields.Tulsa:AAPG Memoir No.14,1968:388-398.
[30]Abdunaser L M,Bylinkin G.Washing processes and fluid variationsphase equilibria to petroleum geochemistry[J].Oil&Gas Journal,2003,101(1):32-38.
[31]Anissimov L,Bylinkin G.Washing processes and fluid variationsphase equilibria to petroleum geochemistry[J].Oil&Gas Journal,2003,101(1):32-38.
[32]Review of the petroleum geology of the western part of the Sirt Basin,Libya[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2015,111:76-91.
[33]Sorenson R P.A dynamic model for the Permian Panhandle and Hugoton fields,western Anadarko basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(7):921-938.
[34]贾东,武龙,闫兵,等.全球大型油气田的盆地类型与分布规律[J].高校地质学报,2011,17(2):170-184.Jia Dong,Wu Long,Yan Bin,et al.Basin types and distribution of the global giant and gas fields[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2011,17(4):170-184.
[35]Mann P,Horn M,and Cross I.Tectonic setting of 79 giant oil and gas fields discovered from 2000-2007:Implications for future discovered trends[C]//AAPG Annual Convention,Long Beach,California,2007.
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