GPM与TRMM降水数据在中国大陆的精度评估与对比
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摘要
为评估TRMM 3B42(TRMM)和新一代GPM IMERG(GPM)卫星降水产品精度,基于国内824个气象站点日降水数据,选用相关系数(R)、相对误差(E_R)和公正先兆评分(S_(ET))等指标,对比分析了二者在中国大陆和九大流域内逐日、逐月尺度的观测精度。研究表明:(1)在日尺度上,中国大陆内的GPM降水数据精度整体优于TRMM,二者的R、E_R和S_(ET)分别达到了0.73、2.03%、0.36和0.70、3.75%、0.33;(2)GPM和TRMM日降水数据在海河流域、淮河流域、长江流域、珠江流域、东南诸河流域呈现较高的观测精度,在松辽流域、黄河流域、西南诸河片区精度次之,在内陆河片区相对最低;(3)在月尺度上,中国大陆内的GPM冬季降水精度明显好于TRMM,这是由于GPM提高了对弱降水和固态降水的观测能力。总体上,GPM降水产品在中国各大流域精度较好且优于TRMM,表明其在流域降水研究及水文模拟中将有较好的应用前景。
For evaluating the accuracy of the remotely sensed precipitation products of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3 B42( TRMM) and latest-generation Global Precipitation Measurement IMERG( GPM),four commonly used error metrics( R,E_(RMS),E_(MA) and E_R) and four category statistical indexes( R_(FA),P_(OD),B and S_(ET)) were adopted to quantify the evaluations on GPM,TRMM products by comparing with the gauged daily precipitation data obtained from the 824 meteorological stations within Mainland China. Evaluations were carried out spatially over the Mainland China and the 9 drainage basins at the daily and monthly temporal scales. The results suggested that:(1) The accuracy of GPM generally outperformed TRMM in Mainland China at daily scale,the R,ERand SETof GPM and TRMM reached to about 0. 73,2. 03%,0. 36 and 0. 70,3. 75%,0. 33,respectively;(2) At daily scale,both GPM and TRMM products exhibited high detection accuracy in the Haihe River basin,the Huaihe River basin,the Yangtze River basin,the Pearl River basin and the Southeast Drainage basins,while the data accuracy in the Songhua and the Liaohe River basin,the Yellow River basin and the Southwest Drainage basins were relatively lower and the detection accuracy in the Inland Drainage basins shown relatively the lowest;(3) As the improved capability of the GPM in detecting light rainfall and solid precipitation significantly benefited the accuracy increase of GPM over Mainland China,GPM performed obviously better than that of TRMM in winter precipitation detections at monthly scale. Overall,as the successor of the TRMM,GPM outperformed TRMM over each drainage basin as well as in whole Mainland China,which implied the great potential of its application in various studies. However,yet rather poor accuracy of the GPM precipitation product in high altitude and arid regions as well as high false alarm ratio for light precipitation over the drainage basins in the Southeast China remained a challenge to improve its IMERG inversion algorithm.
For evaluating the accuracy of the remotely sensed precipitation products of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3 B42( TRMM) and latest-generation Global Precipitation Measurement IMERG( GPM),four commonly used error metrics( R,E_(RMS),E_(MA) and E_R) and four category statistical indexes( R_(FA),P_(OD),B and S_(ET)) were adopted to quantify the evaluations on GPM,TRMM products by comparing with the gauged daily precipitation data obtained from the 824 meteorological stations within Mainland China. Evaluations were carried out spatially over the Mainland China and the 9 drainage basins at the daily and monthly temporal scales. The results suggested that:(1) The accuracy of GPM generally outperformed TRMM in Mainland China at daily scale,the R,ERand SETof GPM and TRMM reached to about 0. 73,2. 03%,0. 36 and 0. 70,3. 75%,0. 33,respectively;(2) At daily scale,both GPM and TRMM products exhibited high detection accuracy in the Haihe River basin,the Huaihe River basin,the Yangtze River basin,the Pearl River basin and the Southeast Drainage basins,while the data accuracy in the Songhua and the Liaohe River basin,the Yellow River basin and the Southwest Drainage basins were relatively lower and the detection accuracy in the Inland Drainage basins shown relatively the lowest;(3) As the improved capability of the GPM in detecting light rainfall and solid precipitation significantly benefited the accuracy increase of GPM over Mainland China,GPM performed obviously better than that of TRMM in winter precipitation detections at monthly scale. Overall,as the successor of the TRMM,GPM outperformed TRMM over each drainage basin as well as in whole Mainland China,which implied the great potential of its application in various studies. However,yet rather poor accuracy of the GPM precipitation product in high altitude and arid regions as well as high false alarm ratio for light precipitation over the drainage basins in the Southeast China remained a challenge to improve its IMERG inversion algorithm.
引文
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[21]DINKU T,CECCATO P,GROVER-KOPEC E,et al.Validation of satellite rainfall products over East Africa's complex topography[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2007,28(7):1503-1526.
[22]TANG G Q,ZENG Z Y,LONG D,et al.Statistical and hydrological comparisons between TRMM and GPM level-3 products over a midlatitude basin:is day-1 IMERG a good successor for TMPA 3B42 V7?[J].Journal of Hydrometeorology,2016,17(1):121-137.
[23]陈效逑,尉杨平,李静,等.黄河流域天然径流量与气候因子的小波分析[J].人民黄河,2012,34(1):1-4.(CHEN X Q,YU Y P,LI J,et al.Wavelet analysis of natural runoff and climatic factors in the Yellow River basin[J].Yellow River,2012,34(1):1-4.(in Chinese))
[2]HOU A Y,KAKAR R K,NEECK S,et al.The global precipitation measurement mission[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2014,95(5):701-722.
[3]DUAN Z,LIU J Z,TUO Y,et al.Evaluation of eight high spatial resolution gridded precipitation products in Adige Basin(Italy)at multiple temporal and spatial scales[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,573:1536-1553.
[4]唐国强,万玮,曾子悦,等.全球降水测量(GPM)计划及其最新进展综述[J].遥感技术与应用,2015,30(4):607-615.(TANG G Q,WAN W,ZENG Z Y,et al.An overview of the global precipitation measurement(GPM)mission and it's latest development[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2015,30(4):607-615.(in Chinese))
[5]胡庆芳,杨大文,王银堂,等.赣江流域TRMM降水数据的误差特征与成因[J].水科学进展,2013,24(6):794-800.(HU Q F,YANG D W,WANG Y T,et al.Characteristics and sources of errors in daily TRMM precipitation product over Ganjiang River basin in China[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(6):794-800.(in Chinese))
[6]江善虎,任立良,雍斌,等.TRMM卫星降水数据在洣水流域径流模拟中的应用[J].水科学进展,2014,25(5):641-649.(JIANG S H,REN L L,YONG B,et al.Hydrological evaluation of the TRMM multi-satellite precipitation estimates over the Mishui basin[J].Advances in Water Science,2014,25(5):641-649.(in Chinese))
[7]唐国强,李哲,薛显武,等.赣江流域TRMM遥感降水对地面站点观测的可替代性[J].水科学进展,2015,26(3):340-346.(TANG G Q,LI Z,XUE X W,et al.A study of substitutability of TRMM remote sensing precipitation for gauge-based observation in Ganjiang River basin[J].Advances in Water Science,2015,26(3):340-346.(in Chinese))
[8]刘少华,严登华,王浩,等.中国大陆流域分区TRMM降水质量评价[J].水科学进展,2016,27(5):639-651.(LIU S H,YAN D H,WANG H,et al.Evaluation of TRMM 3B42 V7 at the basin scale over mainland China[J].Advances in Water Science,2016,27(5):639-651.(in Chinese))
[9]王兆礼,钟睿达,赖成光,等.TRMM卫星降水反演数据在珠江流域的适用性研究:以东江和北江为例[J].水科学进展,2017,28(2):174-182.(WANG Z L,ZHONG R D,LAI C G,et al.Evaluation of TRMM 3B42-V7 satellite-based precipitation data product in the Pearl River basin,China:Dongjiang River and Beijiang River basin as examples[J].Advances in Water Science,2017,28(2):174-182.(in Chinese))
[10]YONG B,CHEN B,GOURLEY J J,et al.Intercomparison of the Version-6 and Version-7 TMPA precipitation products over high and low latitudes basins with independent gauge networks:is the newer version better in both real-time and post-real-time analysis for water resources and hydrologic extr[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014,508(2):77-87.
[11]ZHAO H G,YANG S T,WANG Z W,et al.Evaluating the suitability of TRMM satellite rainfall data for hydrological simulation using a distributed hydrological model in the Weihe River catchment in China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2015,25(2):177-195.
[12]SUN R C,YUAN H L,LIU X L,et al.Evaluation of the latest satellite-gauge precipitation products and their hydrologic applications over the Huaihe River basin[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,536:302-319.
[13]TANG G Q,MA Y Z,LONG D,et al.Evaluation of GPM Day-1 IMERG and TMPA Version-7 legacy products over Mainland China at multiple spatiotemporal scales[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,533:152-167.
[14]GUO H,CHEN S,BAO A M,et al.Early assessment of Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement over China[J].Atmospheric Research,2016,176/177:121-133.
[15]XU R,TIAN F Q,YANG L,et al.Ground validation of GPM IMERG and TRMM 3B42 V7 rainfall products over southern Tibetan Plateau based on a high-density rain gauge network[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2017,122(2):910-924.
[16]ZHANG Z,CHEN X,XU C Y,et al.Evaluating the non-stationary relationship between precipitation and streamflow in nine major basins of China during the past 50 years[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,409(1):81-93.
[17]金晓龙,邵华,张弛,等.GPM卫星降水数据在天山山区的适用性分析[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(12):2074-2085.(JIN X L,SHAO H,ZHANG C,et al.The applicability evaluation of three satellite products in Tianshan Mountains[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(12):2074-2085.(in Chinese))
[18]李琼,杨梅学,万国宁,等.TRMM 3B43降水数据在黄河源区的适用性评价[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(3):620-633.(LI Q,YANG M X,WAN G N,et al.Analysis of the accuracy of TRMM 3B43 precipitation data in the source region of the Yellow River[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(3):620-633.(in Chinese))
[19]刘小婵,赵建军,张洪岩,等.TRMM降水数据在东北地区的精度验证与应用[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(6):1047-1056.(LIU X C,ZHAO J J,ZHANG H Y,et al.Accuracy validation and application of TRMM precipitation data in northeast China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(6):1047-1056.(in Chinese))
[20]刘海文,丁一汇.华北汛期日降水特性的变化分析[J].大气科学,2010,34(1):12-22.(LIU H W,DING Y H.Analysis of daily precipitation characteristics over North China during rainy seasons[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2010,34(1):12-22.(in Chinese))
[21]DINKU T,CECCATO P,GROVER-KOPEC E,et al.Validation of satellite rainfall products over East Africa's complex topography[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2007,28(7):1503-1526.
[22]TANG G Q,ZENG Z Y,LONG D,et al.Statistical and hydrological comparisons between TRMM and GPM level-3 products over a midlatitude basin:is day-1 IMERG a good successor for TMPA 3B42 V7?[J].Journal of Hydrometeorology,2016,17(1):121-137.
[23]陈效逑,尉杨平,李静,等.黄河流域天然径流量与气候因子的小波分析[J].人民黄河,2012,34(1):1-4.(CHEN X Q,YU Y P,LI J,et al.Wavelet analysis of natural runoff and climatic factors in the Yellow River basin[J].Yellow River,2012,34(1):1-4.(in Chinese))