湖北地基GPS大气可降水量变化特征分析及应用
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摘要
利用探空资料、地基GPS/MET水汽监测资料,对恩施、宜昌、武汉三站地基GPS反演大气可降水量(GPS Precipitable Water Vapor,GPS/PWV)与探空进行了对比,表明GPS/PWV与探空RS/PWV具有良好的一致性。湖北省17站3 a GPS/PWV资料分析表明,GPS/PWV具有明显的月变化及日变化特征,分布具有从南往北逐渐递减,从西至东逐渐增加的特点。强降水个例分析表明GPS/PWV峰值略早于降水以及雷达回波峰值出现时间,高时空分辨率的GPS/PWV配合雷达对天气形势的分析以及降水的判断有一定的指导作用。
In order to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of water vapor in Hubei province,the ground-based GPS atmospheric Precipitable Water Vapor (GPS/PWV) at Enshi,Yichang and Wuhan site were compared with the radiosounde data (RS/PWV) and found that the GPS/PWV has a good consistency with RS/PWV.The three-year GPS/PWV analysis of 17 stations shows that the GPS/PWV has significant monthly and daily variation features,and its distribution diminishes gradually from the south to the north,but increases gradually from the west to the east in Hubei province.A case analysis on heavy precipitation illustrates that the peak value of GPS/PWV appears slightly earlier than that of precipitation and radar echo intensity.GPS/PWV with high spatial and temporal resolution combined with radar is conducive to the overall analysis of the synoptic situation and precipitation information.
In order to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of water vapor in Hubei province,the ground-based GPS atmospheric Precipitable Water Vapor (GPS/PWV) at Enshi,Yichang and Wuhan site were compared with the radiosounde data (RS/PWV) and found that the GPS/PWV has a good consistency with RS/PWV.The three-year GPS/PWV analysis of 17 stations shows that the GPS/PWV has significant monthly and daily variation features,and its distribution diminishes gradually from the south to the north,but increases gradually from the west to the east in Hubei province.A case analysis on heavy precipitation illustrates that the peak value of GPS/PWV appears slightly earlier than that of precipitation and radar echo intensity.GPS/PWV with high spatial and temporal resolution combined with radar is conducive to the overall analysis of the synoptic situation and precipitation information.
引文
[1]盛裴轩,毛节泰,李建国,等.大气物理学.北京:北京大学出版社,2003:18.SHENG Peixuan,MAO Jietai,LI Jianguo,et al.Atmospheric physics.Beijing:Peking University Press(in Chinese),2003:18.
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[3]Ohtani R,Naito I.Comparisons of GPS-derived precipitable water vapors with radiosonde observations in Japan.J.Geophys.Res.Atmos.,2000,105(D22):26917-26929.
[4]梁丰,李成才,王迎春,等.应用区域地基全球定位系统观测分析北京地区大气总水汽量.大气科学,2003,27(2):236-244.LIANG Feng,LI Chengcai,WANG Yingchun,et al.An analysis of atmospheric precipitable water based on regional ground-based GPS network in Beijing.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),2003,27(2):236-244.
[5]曾明剑,张备,周嘉陵,等.GPS/PWV资料同化在强降水过程中的定量作用评估.气象科学,2014,34(1):77-86.ZENG Mingjian,ZHANG Bei,ZHOU Jialing,et al.Quantitative evaluation for GPS/PWV data assimilation in heavy precipitation events.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese),2014,34(1):77-86.
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[7]李国平.地基GPS水汽监测技术及气象业务化应用系统的研究.大气科学学报,2011,34(4):385-392.LI Guoping.Research of remote sensing technology of atmospheric water vapor by using ground-based GPS and application system of meteorological operations.Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),2011,34(4):385-392.
[8]海云莎,孙绩华,陈新梅.2007~2010年云南GPS观测大气可降水量特征分析.云南地理环境研究,2011,23(2):78-84.HAI Yunsha,SUN Jihua,CHEN Xinmei.The analysis of GPS-retrieved PWV characteristic in Yunnan from 2007-2010.Yunnan Geographic Environment Research(in Chinese),2011,23(2):78-84.
[9]崔丽娜,史玉光,崔彩霞,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地2009年大气水汽含量的日变化特征.干旱气象,2010,28(4):407-410.CUI Lina,SHI Yuguang,CUI Caixia,et al.Diurnal variation of atmospheric water vapor content in 2009 over Taklimakan desert.Journal of Arid Meteorology(in Chinese),2010,28(4):407-410.
[10]梁宏,刘晶淼,陈跃.地基GPS遥感的祁连山区夏季可降水量日变化特征及成因分析.高原气象,2010,29(3):726-736.LIANG Hong,LIU Jingmiao,CHEN Yue.Characteristics and cause of diurnal variation of precipitable water vapor derived from ground-based GPS in Qilian mountains in summer.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),2010,29(3):726-736.
[11]徐桂荣,陈波,万蓉,等.地基GPS不同水汽反演方法的误差分析.暴雨灾害,2008,27(4):346-350.XU Guirong,CHEN Bo,WAN Rong,et al.Error analysis on precipitable water derived from ground-based GPS with various methods.Torrential Rain and Disasters(in Chinese),2008,27(4):346-350.
[12]徐桂荣,万蓉,李武阶,等.地基GPS反演大气可降水量方法的改进.暴雨灾害,2009,28(3):203-209.XU Guirong,WAN Rong,LI Wujie,et al.Improvement on the method for estimating precipitable water from ground-based GPS.Torrential Rain and Disasters(in Chinese),2009,28(3):203-209.
[13]谷晓平,王长耀,吴登秀.GPS水汽遥感中的大气加权平均温度的变化特征及局地算式研究.气象科学,2005,25(1):79-83.GU Xiaoping,WANG Changyao,WU Dengxiu.Research on the local algorithm for weighted atmospheric temperature used in GPS remote sensing water vapor.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica(in Chinese),2005,25(1):79-83.
[14]李国翠,李国平,杜成华,等.华北地区地基GPS水汽反演中加权平均温度模型研究.南京气象学院学报,2009,32(1):80-86.LI Guocui,LI Guoping,DU Chenghua,et al.Weighted mean temperature models for mapping zenith wet delays onto precipitable water in North China.Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology(in Chinese),2009,32(1):80-86.
[15]Bevis M,Businger S,Chiswell S,et al.GPS meteorology:Mapping zenith wet delays onto precipitable water.J.Appl.Meteor.,1994,33(3):379-386.
[16]顾钧禧,章基嘉,巢纪平,等.大气科学词典.北京:气象出版社,1994:345,526,753.GU Yunxi,ZHANG Jiaji,CHAO Jiping,et al.Atmospheric science dictionary.Beijing:China Meteorological Press(in Chinese),1994:345,526,753.
[17]符睿,段旭,刘建宇,等.云南地基GPS观测大气可降水量变化特征.气象科技,2010,38(4):456-462.FU Rui,DUAN Xu,LIU Jianyu,et al.Characteristics of groundbased GPS-retrieved PWV in Yunnan.Meteorological Science and Technology(in Chinese),2010,38(4):456-462.
[18]吴建军,王鑫,吕达仁,等.北京可降水量变化特征的地基GPS观测与分析.南京气象学院学报,2007,30(3):377-382.WU Jianjun,WANG Xin,LYU Daren,et al.Observation and analysis of the variation features of Beijing precipitable water by the ground-based GPS technique.Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology(in Chinese),2007,30(3):377-382.
[19]Van Baelen J,Aubagnac J P,Dabas A.Comparison of near–real time estimates of integrated water vapor derived with GPS,radiosondes,and microwave radiometer.J.Atmos.Oceanic Technol.,2010,22(2):201-210.
[20]Cady-Pereira K E,Shephard M W,Turner D D,et al.Improved daytime column-integrated precipitable water vapor from Vaisala radiosonde humidity sensors.J.Atmos.Oceanic Technol.,2008,25(6):873-883.
[21]向华,周月华,王海军.湖北省空中水资源分析.暴雨灾害,2007,26(2):134-138.XIANG Hua,ZHOU Yuehua,WANG Haijun.A climatic research of cloud-water resources in Hubei province.Torrential Rain and Disasters(in Chinese),2007,26(2):134-138.
[22]谢安,毛江玉,宋焱云,等.长江中下游地区水汽输送的气候特征.应用气象学报,2002,13(1):67-77.XIE An,MAO Jiangyu,SONG Yanyun,et al.Climatological characteristics of moisture transport over Yangtze river basin.Journal of Applied Meteorological Science(in Chinese),2002,13(1):67-77.
[23]叶敏,封国林.长江中下游地区夏季降水的水汽路径的客观定量化研究.大气科学,2015,39(4):777-788.YE Min,FENG Guolin.Objective quantification of moisture transport that influences summer rainfall in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),2015,39(4):777-788.
[24]柳典,刘晓阳.地基GPS遥感观测北京地区水汽变化特征.应用气象学报,2009,20(3):346-353LIU Dian,LIU Xiaoyang.Variation features of atmospheric precipitable water vapor derived from groud-based GPS in Beijing.Journal of Applied Meteorological Science(in Chinese),2009,20(3):346-353.
[2]DUAN Jingping,Bevis M,FANG Peng,et al.GPS meteorology:Direct estimation of the absolute value of precipitable water.J.Appl.Meteor.,1996,35(6):830-838.
[3]Ohtani R,Naito I.Comparisons of GPS-derived precipitable water vapors with radiosonde observations in Japan.J.Geophys.Res.Atmos.,2000,105(D22):26917-26929.
[4]梁丰,李成才,王迎春,等.应用区域地基全球定位系统观测分析北京地区大气总水汽量.大气科学,2003,27(2):236-244.LIANG Feng,LI Chengcai,WANG Yingchun,et al.An analysis of atmospheric precipitable water based on regional ground-based GPS network in Beijing.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),2003,27(2):236-244.
[5]曾明剑,张备,周嘉陵,等.GPS/PWV资料同化在强降水过程中的定量作用评估.气象科学,2014,34(1):77-86.ZENG Mingjian,ZHANG Bei,ZHOU Jialing,et al.Quantitative evaluation for GPS/PWV data assimilation in heavy precipitation events.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese),2014,34(1):77-86.
[6]罗梦森,曾明剑,景元书,等.GPS反演的大气可降水量变化特征及其与降水的关系研究.气象科学,2013,33(4):418-423.LUO Mengsen,ZENG Mingjian,JING Yuanshu,et al.Change characteristics of GPS PWV and its relationship with precipitation.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese),2013,33(4):418-423.
[7]李国平.地基GPS水汽监测技术及气象业务化应用系统的研究.大气科学学报,2011,34(4):385-392.LI Guoping.Research of remote sensing technology of atmospheric water vapor by using ground-based GPS and application system of meteorological operations.Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),2011,34(4):385-392.
[8]海云莎,孙绩华,陈新梅.2007~2010年云南GPS观测大气可降水量特征分析.云南地理环境研究,2011,23(2):78-84.HAI Yunsha,SUN Jihua,CHEN Xinmei.The analysis of GPS-retrieved PWV characteristic in Yunnan from 2007-2010.Yunnan Geographic Environment Research(in Chinese),2011,23(2):78-84.
[9]崔丽娜,史玉光,崔彩霞,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地2009年大气水汽含量的日变化特征.干旱气象,2010,28(4):407-410.CUI Lina,SHI Yuguang,CUI Caixia,et al.Diurnal variation of atmospheric water vapor content in 2009 over Taklimakan desert.Journal of Arid Meteorology(in Chinese),2010,28(4):407-410.
[10]梁宏,刘晶淼,陈跃.地基GPS遥感的祁连山区夏季可降水量日变化特征及成因分析.高原气象,2010,29(3):726-736.LIANG Hong,LIU Jingmiao,CHEN Yue.Characteristics and cause of diurnal variation of precipitable water vapor derived from ground-based GPS in Qilian mountains in summer.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),2010,29(3):726-736.
[11]徐桂荣,陈波,万蓉,等.地基GPS不同水汽反演方法的误差分析.暴雨灾害,2008,27(4):346-350.XU Guirong,CHEN Bo,WAN Rong,et al.Error analysis on precipitable water derived from ground-based GPS with various methods.Torrential Rain and Disasters(in Chinese),2008,27(4):346-350.
[12]徐桂荣,万蓉,李武阶,等.地基GPS反演大气可降水量方法的改进.暴雨灾害,2009,28(3):203-209.XU Guirong,WAN Rong,LI Wujie,et al.Improvement on the method for estimating precipitable water from ground-based GPS.Torrential Rain and Disasters(in Chinese),2009,28(3):203-209.
[13]谷晓平,王长耀,吴登秀.GPS水汽遥感中的大气加权平均温度的变化特征及局地算式研究.气象科学,2005,25(1):79-83.GU Xiaoping,WANG Changyao,WU Dengxiu.Research on the local algorithm for weighted atmospheric temperature used in GPS remote sensing water vapor.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica(in Chinese),2005,25(1):79-83.
[14]李国翠,李国平,杜成华,等.华北地区地基GPS水汽反演中加权平均温度模型研究.南京气象学院学报,2009,32(1):80-86.LI Guocui,LI Guoping,DU Chenghua,et al.Weighted mean temperature models for mapping zenith wet delays onto precipitable water in North China.Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology(in Chinese),2009,32(1):80-86.
[15]Bevis M,Businger S,Chiswell S,et al.GPS meteorology:Mapping zenith wet delays onto precipitable water.J.Appl.Meteor.,1994,33(3):379-386.
[16]顾钧禧,章基嘉,巢纪平,等.大气科学词典.北京:气象出版社,1994:345,526,753.GU Yunxi,ZHANG Jiaji,CHAO Jiping,et al.Atmospheric science dictionary.Beijing:China Meteorological Press(in Chinese),1994:345,526,753.
[17]符睿,段旭,刘建宇,等.云南地基GPS观测大气可降水量变化特征.气象科技,2010,38(4):456-462.FU Rui,DUAN Xu,LIU Jianyu,et al.Characteristics of groundbased GPS-retrieved PWV in Yunnan.Meteorological Science and Technology(in Chinese),2010,38(4):456-462.
[18]吴建军,王鑫,吕达仁,等.北京可降水量变化特征的地基GPS观测与分析.南京气象学院学报,2007,30(3):377-382.WU Jianjun,WANG Xin,LYU Daren,et al.Observation and analysis of the variation features of Beijing precipitable water by the ground-based GPS technique.Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology(in Chinese),2007,30(3):377-382.
[19]Van Baelen J,Aubagnac J P,Dabas A.Comparison of near–real time estimates of integrated water vapor derived with GPS,radiosondes,and microwave radiometer.J.Atmos.Oceanic Technol.,2010,22(2):201-210.
[20]Cady-Pereira K E,Shephard M W,Turner D D,et al.Improved daytime column-integrated precipitable water vapor from Vaisala radiosonde humidity sensors.J.Atmos.Oceanic Technol.,2008,25(6):873-883.
[21]向华,周月华,王海军.湖北省空中水资源分析.暴雨灾害,2007,26(2):134-138.XIANG Hua,ZHOU Yuehua,WANG Haijun.A climatic research of cloud-water resources in Hubei province.Torrential Rain and Disasters(in Chinese),2007,26(2):134-138.
[22]谢安,毛江玉,宋焱云,等.长江中下游地区水汽输送的气候特征.应用气象学报,2002,13(1):67-77.XIE An,MAO Jiangyu,SONG Yanyun,et al.Climatological characteristics of moisture transport over Yangtze river basin.Journal of Applied Meteorological Science(in Chinese),2002,13(1):67-77.
[23]叶敏,封国林.长江中下游地区夏季降水的水汽路径的客观定量化研究.大气科学,2015,39(4):777-788.YE Min,FENG Guolin.Objective quantification of moisture transport that influences summer rainfall in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),2015,39(4):777-788.
[24]柳典,刘晓阳.地基GPS遥感观测北京地区水汽变化特征.应用气象学报,2009,20(3):346-353LIU Dian,LIU Xiaoyang.Variation features of atmospheric precipitable water vapor derived from groud-based GPS in Beijing.Journal of Applied Meteorological Science(in Chinese),2009,20(3):346-353.