车载网络GPSR路由算法的改进
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摘要
汽车的普及带来的社会问题促进了车载网络的发展,GPSR是应用于节点移动速度快和网络拓扑变化频繁的车载网络的路由协议。该协议会存在路由选择错误和路由中断的问题,易造成数据包丢失,导致网络服务质量低。针对GPSR存在路由投递率低、传输时延大的问题,提出了一种改进的GPSR算法。该算法根据节点的移动速度,预测节点间的距离,并选取移动缓慢的、稳定的节点作为中继节点,保持路由选择的可靠性。理论分析表明,在一定的通信范围内,选择稳定的节点作为中继节点能提高路由投递率,降低传输延时。在NS2仿真平台上,对比两个协议在端到端的延时,数据包接收的成功率、抖动率以及吞吐量等方面的性能。仿真结果表明,改进算法要优于GPSR协议,改进后的算法提高了协议性能,更加符合实际车载网的应用。
Social problems caused by the popularity of cars have promoted the Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, and routing protocol of GPSRhas been used in vehicle network in which the node moves fast and network topology changes frequently. However it easily leads to packetloss and low quality of service because routing errors and routing disruptions will exist in the agreement. To solve these problems whichinclude lower delivery rate and large transmission delay, an improved GPSR algorithm has been proposed in which the relay node is chosenfrom the nodes that move slower and stably according to the moving speed of nodes and the distance between two nodes for maintainingreliability of route selection. Theoretical analyses show that the stable node chosen as a relay node can promote the routing deliveryrate and reduce transmission delay within a certain range communications. Comparisons of end to end delay,delivery ratio and jitter ratebetween both the protocols on NS2 simulation platform have been conducted. Simulation results show that the improved algorithm is betterthan the GPSR and performance of the GPSR protocol has been enhanced more suitable for vehicle network.
Social problems caused by the popularity of cars have promoted the Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, and routing protocol of GPSRhas been used in vehicle network in which the node moves fast and network topology changes frequently. However it easily leads to packetloss and low quality of service because routing errors and routing disruptions will exist in the agreement. To solve these problems whichinclude lower delivery rate and large transmission delay, an improved GPSR algorithm has been proposed in which the relay node is chosenfrom the nodes that move slower and stably according to the moving speed of nodes and the distance between two nodes for maintainingreliability of route selection. Theoretical analyses show that the stable node chosen as a relay node can promote the routing deliveryrate and reduce transmission delay within a certain range communications. Comparisons of end to end delay,delivery ratio and jitter ratebetween both the protocols on NS2 simulation platform have been conducted. Simulation results show that the improved algorithm is betterthan the GPSR and performance of the GPSR protocol has been enhanced more suitable for vehicle network.
引文
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[12]李道全,刘海燕,曹齐光,等.基于地理位置的路由算法-GPSR-AD[J].计算机应用,2009,29(12):3215-3217.
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[14]刘宇,赵志军,沈强,等.能量感知的GPSR动态路由负载均衡[J].计算机工程与应用,2011,47(6):23-25.
[15]王志刚.车载Ad hoc网络中基于车辆流密度的GPSR协议的改进研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.
[2]冯慧芳,赵亮,王梦茹.一种基于可靠性的车载自组织网络路由算法[J].微电子学与计算机,2014(10):64-68.
[3]王博,黄传河,杨文忠.时延容忍网络中基于效用转发的自适应机会路由算法[J].通信学报,2010,31(10):36-47.
[4]李万磊,朱梅丽,谢波,等.高速公路环境下VANET路由性能研究[J].计算机工程与设计,2011,32(6):2163-2167.
[5]Karp B,Kung H T.GPSR:greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks[C]//Proceedings of the sixth annual international conference on mobile computing and networking.Boston:ACMPress,2000:243-254.
[6]唐国明,谢羿,唐九阳,等.一种基于左、右手法则的GPSR分区边界转发路由协议[J].计算机应用研究,2011,28(3):1009-1101.
[7]姚坚,彭好佑,魏应彬.基于车载网络GPSR路由协议的改进[J].计算机应用与软件,2014,31(8):118-120.
[8]于耕,孙翔,李洪烈,等.基于机会转发原理改进的GPSR算法[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(10):42-47.
[9]Shu Wenjie,Wang Ping,Guo Aihuang,et al.Enhanced GPSR using neighbor-awareness position update and beacon-assist geographic forwarding in vehicular ad hoc networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE international conference on intelligent vehicles.[s.l.]:IEEE,2010:1143-1147.
[10]Lin Chiahung,Yuan Shiaoan,Chiu Shihwei,et al.Progress face:an algorithm to improve routing efficiency of GPSR-like routing protocols in wireless Ad Hoc networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Computers,2010,59(6):822-834.
[11]吴三斌,王小明,杨涛,等.改进的GPSR模型及其仿真分析[J].计算机工程与应用,2011,47(8):100-104.
[12]李道全,刘海燕,曹齐光,等.基于地理位置的路由算法-GPSR-AD[J].计算机应用,2009,29(12):3215-3217.
[13]孙焘,韩宁,冯林.基于极大转发角的地理位置路由GPSR算法改进[J].计算机工程与科学,2011,33(7):40-44.
[14]刘宇,赵志军,沈强,等.能量感知的GPSR动态路由负载均衡[J].计算机工程与应用,2011,47(6):23-25.
[15]王志刚.车载Ad hoc网络中基于车辆流密度的GPSR协议的改进研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.