基于粒子群算法的车载自组网GPSR协议优化
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摘要
为改善车辆通信质量,引入粒子群算法对VANET网络GPSR路由协议进行改进。GPSR协议使用地理位置信息来建立VANET路由,在其贪婪转发过程中,当前节点在选择下一跳节点时,只考虑到在其邻居节点中找到离目的节点最近的节点,忽略了节点能量消耗、边界节点易受干扰和丢包严重等问题,通信效率和质量其实并不高。为增强车载自组网GPSR协议的性能,提出P-GPSR路由协议。该协议利用粒子群算法对节点剩余能量、一跳距离、路径方向等判决因素进行综合优化,经过若干次迭代寻找出最优下一跳节点。仿真结果表明,P-GPSR路由协议能够降低丢包率和包传输时延,减少能量消耗,有效提高了路由效率。
In order to improve the quality of vehicular communication,particle swarm optimization is introduced to improve the GPSR protocol for VANET. GPSR uses geographic location information to build VANET routing. In the greedy forwarding process of GPSR,the current node only considers the node that is nearest the destination node in its neighbor nodes when selecting the next hop node,,and neglects the problems of energy consumption of nodes,boundary nodes easily be interfered and serious packet loss,which results in lowcommunication efficiency and quality. In order to enhance the performance of vehicle ad hoc network GPSR protocol,we propose the P-GPSR routing protocol for VANET which uses particle swarm optimization to do comprehensive optimization for the decision factors such as the residual energy,jump distance and direction of the nodes' path and finds the optimal next hop node by several iterations. The simulation shows that the improved P-GPSR can reduce energy consumption,cut down the packet loss rate and packet transmission delay,and effectively improve the routing efficiency.
In order to improve the quality of vehicular communication,particle swarm optimization is introduced to improve the GPSR protocol for VANET. GPSR uses geographic location information to build VANET routing. In the greedy forwarding process of GPSR,the current node only considers the node that is nearest the destination node in its neighbor nodes when selecting the next hop node,,and neglects the problems of energy consumption of nodes,boundary nodes easily be interfered and serious packet loss,which results in lowcommunication efficiency and quality. In order to enhance the performance of vehicle ad hoc network GPSR protocol,we propose the P-GPSR routing protocol for VANET which uses particle swarm optimization to do comprehensive optimization for the decision factors such as the residual energy,jump distance and direction of the nodes' path and finds the optimal next hop node by several iterations. The simulation shows that the improved P-GPSR can reduce energy consumption,cut down the packet loss rate and packet transmission delay,and effectively improve the routing efficiency.
引文
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[12] MALLAT Y,AYADI M,AYARI A,et al. QoS/QoE-CAODV:routing protocol for cognitive radio Ad-Hoc netw ork[C]//Proceedings of the 30th international conference on advanced information netw orking and applications w orkshops.Crans-M ontana,Sw itzerland:IEEE,2016:748-753.
[13]张小庆,李春林,张恒喜.无线传感器网络的NS2扩展与仿真机制研究[J].计算机科学,2011,38(8):117-120.
[14] LIU Jia,SHENG Min,XU Yang,et al. End-to-end delay modeling in buffer-limited M ANETs:a general theoretical framew ork[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2016,15(1):498-511.
[15] REN Ju,ZHANG Yaoxue,ZHANG Kuan,et al.Lifetime and energy hole evolution analysis in data-gathering w ireless sensor netw orks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2016,12(2):788-800.
[2]程嘉朗,倪巍,吴维刚,等.车载自组织网络在智能交通中的应用研究综述[J].计算机科学,2014,41(6A):1-10.
[3] LI Xia,WANG Gang,LIU Zongqi,et al.An energy-efficient routing protocol based on particle sw arm clustering algorithm and inter-cluster routing algorithm for WSN[C]//Proceedings of the 2013 25th Chinese control and decision conference.Guiyang,China:IEEE,2013:4029-4033.
[4] HU Lili,DING Zhizhong,SHI Huijing.An improved GPSR routing strategy in VANET[C]//8th international conference on w ireless communications,netw orking and mobile computing.Shanghai,China:IEEE,2012.
[5] WEI Wen,YANG Zhangheng.Increasing packet delivery ratio in GPSR using buffer zone based greedy forw arding strategy[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on data storage and data engineering.Bangalore,India:IEEE,2010:178-182.
[6]宋继光,秦勇,史健芳,等.粒子群算法及其在路由优化中的研究[J].计算机工程与设计,2010,31(9):1905-1908.
[7]熊智挺,谭阳红,易如方,等.一种并行的自适应量子粒子群算法[J].计算机系统应用,2011,20(8):47-51.
[8] ESCALANTE L D S.Swarm intelligence based energy saving greedy routing algorithm for w ireless sensor netw orks[C]//Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on electronics,communications and computing. Cholula,M exico:IEEE,2013:36-39.
[9] ZOU Xueyu,CAO Yang.Effects of inertia weight on DPSObased single-hop routing protocol for w ireless sensor netw orks[C]//Proceedings of the 7th w orld congress on intelligent control and automation. Chongqing,China:IEEE,2008:6707-6710.
[10] LIN C H,YUAN S A,CHIU S W,et al.ProgressFace:an algorithm to improve routing efficiency of GPSR-like routing protocols in w ireless ad hoc netw orks[J].IEEE Transactions on Computers,2010,59(6):822-834.
[11] CAI J,SUN J.A clustering routing algorithm based on adaptive PSO in WSNS[C]//Proceedings of the 4th international conference on w ireless communications,netw orking and mobile computing.[s.l.]:IEEE,2008:1-4.
[12] MALLAT Y,AYADI M,AYARI A,et al. QoS/QoE-CAODV:routing protocol for cognitive radio Ad-Hoc netw ork[C]//Proceedings of the 30th international conference on advanced information netw orking and applications w orkshops.Crans-M ontana,Sw itzerland:IEEE,2016:748-753.
[13]张小庆,李春林,张恒喜.无线传感器网络的NS2扩展与仿真机制研究[J].计算机科学,2011,38(8):117-120.
[14] LIU Jia,SHENG Min,XU Yang,et al. End-to-end delay modeling in buffer-limited M ANETs:a general theoretical framew ork[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2016,15(1):498-511.
[15] REN Ju,ZHANG Yaoxue,ZHANG Kuan,et al.Lifetime and energy hole evolution analysis in data-gathering w ireless sensor netw orks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2016,12(2):788-800.