基于路网与QoS模型的GPSR改进协议
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摘要
针对传统GPSR协议在城市交通条件下多数存在链路质量低、投递率受速度影响大、低节点密度适应性差等问题,提出一种LRGR路由协议。利用道路和路口位置等信息建立路网模型,引入服务质量评估优化路径,并给出携带转发机制。选取实际道路电子地图作为实验仿真场景,并通过SUMO和NS3仿真工具对GPSR协议和LRGR协议进行不同节点密度或速度下的比较仿真,结果表明,在实际交通场景中,车辆密度与速度对路由协议投递率、端到端时延和端到端跳数影响较大,尤其在低密度和高速度情况下,协议各性能明显下降。在不同车辆密度和速度条件下,LRGR协议比GPSR协议投递率提高20%～35%,端到端时延降低5 ms～10 ms,端到端跳数减少2跳～4跳,能够适应城市车载自组织网络。
Aiming at the problems of traditional Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing(GPSR) protocol,such as low link quality,high effects of delivery rate,and poor adaptability of low node density under urban traffic conditions,an LRGR routing protocol is proposed. The road network model is established by using information such as road location and intersection location,and the Quality of Service(QoS) assessment optimization path is introduced,and the carrying and forwarding mechanism is given. The actual road electronic map is selected as the experimental simulation scene,and the GPSR protocol and LRGR protocol are compared and simulated at different node densities or speeds by SUMO and NS3 simulation tools. Results show that in actual traffic scenes,vehicle density and speed have a great impact on the delivery rate,end-to-end delay and end-to-end hop number of routing protocols. Especially in low density and high speed circumstances,the performance of the protocols decreases significantly. Under various vehicle density and speed conditions,LRGR protocol has 20% ～ 35% higher delivery rate than GPSR protocol,5 ms ～ 10 ms lower end-to-end delay,2 hops ～ 4 hops less end-to-end hops,and it can adapt to urban VAENT.
Aiming at the problems of traditional Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing(GPSR) protocol,such as low link quality,high effects of delivery rate,and poor adaptability of low node density under urban traffic conditions,an LRGR routing protocol is proposed. The road network model is established by using information such as road location and intersection location,and the Quality of Service(QoS) assessment optimization path is introduced,and the carrying and forwarding mechanism is given. The actual road electronic map is selected as the experimental simulation scene,and the GPSR protocol and LRGR protocol are compared and simulated at different node densities or speeds by SUMO and NS3 simulation tools. Results show that in actual traffic scenes,vehicle density and speed have a great impact on the delivery rate,end-to-end delay and end-to-end hop number of routing protocols. Especially in low density and high speed circumstances,the performance of the protocols decreases significantly. Under various vehicle density and speed conditions,LRGR protocol has 20% ～ 35% higher delivery rate than GPSR protocol,5 ms ～ 10 ms lower end-to-end delay,2 hops ～ 4 hops less end-to-end hops,and it can adapt to urban VAENT.
引文
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[2]YANG C Y D,OZBAY K,BAN X G.Developments in connected and automated vehicles[J].Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems,2017,21(4):251-254.
[3]冯诚,李治军,姜守旭.一种可变尺度的VANETs无结构数据聚合算法[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2011,43(7):96-101.
[4]王秀峰,王春萌,崔刚.面向城市VANETs的多跳警告广播协议[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2015,47(11):34-40.
[5]王研.Ad-hoc网络中的路由协议研究[D].南京:南京大学,2013.
[6]代明臣.城市车联网中基于地理位置的路由协议研[D].沈阳:东北大学,2014.
[7]KARP B,KUNG H T.GPSR:greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks[C]//Proceedings of ACM MobiCom’00.New York,USA:ACM Press,2000:243-254.
[8]FONSECA A,COMAES A,VAZAO T.Geographical routing implementation in NS3[C]//Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEEPress,2012:353-358.
[9]BILAL M,CHAN P M L,PILLAI P.A fastest multi-hop routing scheme for information dissemination in vehicular communication systems[C]//Proceedings of IEEEInternational Conference on Software in Telecommunications and Computer Networks.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2010:35-41.
[10]马志欣,刘海英,谢显中.基于地理位置的车载自组织网络路由协议的研究[J].计算机科学,2014,41(5):107-110,128.
[11]刘国田,杨永军,刘征宇,等.基于位置信息的车联网路由恢复方法[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2012,26(8):716-720.
[12]田红燕,徐成,刘彦.一种基于方向优先的车载ad hoc路由策略[J].计算机应用研究,2010,27(4):1416-1418.
[13]ZAIMI I,ZINEB S H,BOUSHABA A,et al.A new improved GPSR(GPSR-kP)routing protocol for multimedia communication over vehicular ad hoc network[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Big Data and Advanced Wireless Technologies.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2016:14-25.
[14]SETIABUDI A,AYU A,ARDIANSYAH P.Performance comparison of GPSR and ZRP routing protocols in VANE Tenvironment[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Region 10Symposium.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2016:42-47.
[15]CAO Libo,ZHENG Chen,TAN Lingbo,et al.A proposed vision and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication-based vehicle positioning approach[J].Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems,2017,21(2):123-135.
[16]KERAMATI M,AKBARI A.An attack graph based metric for security evaluation of computer networks[C]//Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Telecommunications.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2012:1094-1098.
[17]LIN Luo,GRUTESER M,LIU Hang.A QoS routing and admission control scheme for 802.11 ad hoc networks[C]//Proceedings of ACM MobiCom’06.New York,USA:ACM Press,2006:19-27.
[18]VIJAYAKUMAR V,INBAVALLI P,JOSEPH K S,et al.Research on QoS aware dynamic reconfiguration and performance measures in VANET[C]//Proceedings of 2015 Global Conference on Communication Technologies.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2015:829-833.
[19]钱塘小甲子.SUMO使用教程[EB/OL].[2017-09-19].http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_8b2e46de0102vsbv.html.
[20]NS-3 Development Team.Ns-3 network simulator[DB/OL].[2017-09-19].http://www.nsnam.org/.
[21]沉郁风.ns3_sumo环境搭建与学习2[EB/OL].[2017-01-22].http://www.cnblogs.com/cyf1995/p/6595584.html.