基于GRACE数据的中国水储量变化特征分析
|
摘要
论文以中国2003—2015年GRACE水储量数据、GLDAS-Noah地表蒸散发数据、地面实测降水数据为数据源,基于Theil-Sen Median趋势分析和Mann-Kendall检验法,分析了中国水储量、降水量以及蒸散发量的变化趋势及相关关系,并利用经验正交函数(EOF)分析了中国水储量变化时空分布特征,结果表明:1)2006年以后中国整体水储量年际变化剧烈,且降水和蒸散发可以识别水储量异常时段内的特征信息;2)2003—2015年全国各地水储量、降雨量和蒸散发量变化空间分布差异明显;3)全国共有18.6%的地区气候因素对水储量变化的方差解释量超过50%,主要位于中国东北、东南沿海、四川盆地、青海高原以及新疆西北部地区;4)EOF分解的GRACE水储量各主成分信息可以表征研究时段内中国地区整体和局部的水储量时空变化特征。
In this paper, we collected Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)Tellus products data, GLDAS-Noah surface evapotranspiration data and ground observation rainfall data from 2003 to 2015 in China. The trends of water storage, rainfall and evapotranspiration and the correlations between them were analyzed with Theil-Sen Median trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test. Furthermore, empirical orthogonal function(EOF)decomposition was used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of total water storage in China. The results show that: 1) The annual variation of water reserves in China became more severe after 2006, and the characteristics of abnormal water storage periods can be characterized by precipitation and evapotranspiration. 2) From 2003 to 2015, the changes of water storage, rainfall and evapotranspiration had significant spatial variations. 3) In the past 13 years, climatic factors could explain more than 50% variation of water storage change in almost 18.6% of total area of China, mainly distributing in the Northeast China, the southeast coast area, the Sichuan Basin, the Qinghai Plateau and the northwest of Xinjiang. 4)The principal component information of GRACE water storage decomposed by EOF can characterize the temporal and spatial characteristics of the global and local water storage in China in the study period.
In this paper, we collected Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)Tellus products data, GLDAS-Noah surface evapotranspiration data and ground observation rainfall data from 2003 to 2015 in China. The trends of water storage, rainfall and evapotranspiration and the correlations between them were analyzed with Theil-Sen Median trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test. Furthermore, empirical orthogonal function(EOF)decomposition was used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of total water storage in China. The results show that: 1) The annual variation of water reserves in China became more severe after 2006, and the characteristics of abnormal water storage periods can be characterized by precipitation and evapotranspiration. 2) From 2003 to 2015, the changes of water storage, rainfall and evapotranspiration had significant spatial variations. 3) In the past 13 years, climatic factors could explain more than 50% variation of water storage change in almost 18.6% of total area of China, mainly distributing in the Northeast China, the southeast coast area, the Sichuan Basin, the Qinghai Plateau and the northwest of Xinjiang. 4)The principal component information of GRACE water storage decomposed by EOF can characterize the temporal and spatial characteristics of the global and local water storage in China in the study period.
引文
[1]刘佳骏,董锁成,李泽红.中国水资源承载力综合评价研究[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(2):258-269.[LIU J J,DONG S C,LI Z H.Comprehensive evaluation of China’s water resources carry capacity.Journal of Natural Resources,2011,26(2):258-269.]
[2]RODELL M,HOUSER P R,JAMBOR U,et al.The global land data assimilation system[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2004,85(3):381-394.
[3]HU X G,CHEN J,ZHOU Y,et al.Seasonal water storage change of the Yangtze River Basin detected by GRACE[J].Science in China:Series D Earth Sciences,2006,49(5):483-491.
[4]段建宾,钟敏,闫昊明,等.利用重力卫星观测资料解算中国大陆水储量变化[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(3):68-71.[DUAN J B,ZHONG M,YAN H M,et al.Recovery of land water storage variations in Chinese mainland by use of GRACE data.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2007,27(3):68-71.]
[5]SWENSON S,WAHR J,MILLY P C D.Estimated accuracies of regional water storge variations inferred from the gravity recovery and climate experiment(GRACE)[J].Water Resources Research,2003,39(8):1223.
[6]LINAGE C D,FAMIGLIETTI J S,RANDERSON J T.Statistical prediction of terrestrial water storage changes in the Amazon Basin using tropical Pacific and North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2014,18(6):2089-2102.
[7]CHEN J L,LI J,ZHANG Z Z,et al.Long-term groundwater variations in Northwest India from satellite gravity measurements[J].Global and Planetary Change,2014,116:130-138.
[8]AWANGE J L,KHANDU,SCHUMACHER M,et al.Exploring hydro-meteorological drought patterns over the Greater Horn of Africa(1979-2014)using remote sensing and reanalysis products[J].Advances in Water Resources,2016,94:45-59.
[9]ABELEN S,SEITZ F,ABARCA-DEL-RIO R,et al.Droughts and floods in the La Plata basin in soil moisture data and GRACE[J].Remote Sensing,2015,7(6):7324-7349.
[10]杨元德,鄂栋臣,晁定波,等.GRACE估算陆地水储量季节和年际变化[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(12):2987-2992.[YANG Y D,E D C,CHAO D B,et al.Seasonal and inter-annual change in land water storage from GRACE.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(12):2987-2992.]
[11]金晓龙,邵华,张弛,等.GPM卫星降水数据在天山山区的适用性分析[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(12):2074-2085.[JIN X L,SHAO H,ZHANG C,et al.The applicability evaluation of three satellite products in Tianshan Mountains.Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(12):2074-2085.]
[12]PENATTI N C,ALMEIDA T I R D,FERREIRA L G,et al.Satellite-based hydrological dynamics of the world’s largest continuous wetland[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2015,170(1):1-13.
[13]许民,叶柏生,赵求东,等.利用GRACE重力卫星监测新疆天山山区水储量时空变化[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(3):404-411.[XU M,YE B S,ZHAO Q D,et al.Spatiotemporal change of water reserves in the Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang based on GRACE.Arid Zone Research,2013,30(3):404-411.]
[14]严家宝,贾绍凤,吕爱锋,等.近十年中国陆地水储量变化及其时空分布规律[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(4):21-28.[YAN J B,JIA S F,LüA F,et al.Spatial-temporal variation characteristics of China terrestrial water storage in the last ten year.South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016,14(4):21-28.]
[15]曹艳萍,南卓铜,胡兴林.利用GRACE重力卫星数据反演黑河流域地下水变化[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(3):680-689.[CAO Y P,NAN Z T,HU X L.Changes of groundwater storage in the Heihe River Basin derived from GRACE gravity satellite data.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(3):680-689.]
[16]MO X,WU J J,WANG Q,et al.Variations in water storage in China over recent decades from GRACE observations and GLDAS[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2016,16(2):469-482.
[17]SWENSON S,WAHR J.Post-processing removal of correlated errors in GRACE data[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33(8):1223.doi:10-1029/2005GL025285.
[18]邹正波,李辉,吴云龙,等.日本M_W9.0地震震区及其周缘2002—2015年卫星重力变化时空特征[J].地震学报,2016,38(3):417-428.[ZOU Z B,LI H,WU Y L,et al.Spatial and temporal characteristics of long-term satellite gravity change in the epicenter of Mw9.0 Japan earthquake and its surrounding region.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2016,38(3):417-428.]
[19]刘兆飞,王翊晨,姚治君,等.太湖流域降水、气温与径流变化趋势及周期分析[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(9):1575-1584.[LIU Z F,WANG Y C,YAO Z J,et al.Trend and periodicity of precipitation,air temperature and runoff in the Taihu Lake Basin.Journal of Natural Resources,2011,26(9):1575-1584.]
[20]袁丽华,蒋卫国,申文明,等.2000—2010年黄河流域植被覆盖的时空变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7798-7806.[YUAN L H,JIANG W G,SHEN W M,et al.The spatio-temporal variations of vegetation cover in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2010.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(24):7798-7806.]
[21]魏浩翰,何秀凤,郑加柱.联合重力卫星数据及气候水文模型监测西南地区陆地水储量变化[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(6):488-492.[WEI H H,HE X F,ZHENG J Z.Terrestrial water storage variations in Southwest China revealed by gravity mission and hydrologic and climate model.Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences Edition),2013,41(6):488-492.]
[22]TANG Q H,ZHANG X J,TANG Y.Anthropogenic impacts on mass change in North China[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2013,40(15):3924-3928.
[23]YAO X J,LIU S Y,LONG L,et al.Spatial-temporal characteristics of lake area variations in Hoh Xil region from 1970to 2011[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,24(4):689-702.
[24]XIANG L W,WANG H S,STEFFEN H,et al.Groundwater storage changes in the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas revealed from GRACE satellite gravity data[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2016,449:228-239.
(1)比利时鲁汶大学灾害流行病学研究中心的紧急灾害数据库(Emergency Events Database,EM-DAT),该数据在国际灾害管理和研究领域被广泛应用,该数据库收录了自1900年以来17 000多例大灾害发生和影响数据。
[2]RODELL M,HOUSER P R,JAMBOR U,et al.The global land data assimilation system[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2004,85(3):381-394.
[3]HU X G,CHEN J,ZHOU Y,et al.Seasonal water storage change of the Yangtze River Basin detected by GRACE[J].Science in China:Series D Earth Sciences,2006,49(5):483-491.
[4]段建宾,钟敏,闫昊明,等.利用重力卫星观测资料解算中国大陆水储量变化[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(3):68-71.[DUAN J B,ZHONG M,YAN H M,et al.Recovery of land water storage variations in Chinese mainland by use of GRACE data.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2007,27(3):68-71.]
[5]SWENSON S,WAHR J,MILLY P C D.Estimated accuracies of regional water storge variations inferred from the gravity recovery and climate experiment(GRACE)[J].Water Resources Research,2003,39(8):1223.
[6]LINAGE C D,FAMIGLIETTI J S,RANDERSON J T.Statistical prediction of terrestrial water storage changes in the Amazon Basin using tropical Pacific and North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2014,18(6):2089-2102.
[7]CHEN J L,LI J,ZHANG Z Z,et al.Long-term groundwater variations in Northwest India from satellite gravity measurements[J].Global and Planetary Change,2014,116:130-138.
[8]AWANGE J L,KHANDU,SCHUMACHER M,et al.Exploring hydro-meteorological drought patterns over the Greater Horn of Africa(1979-2014)using remote sensing and reanalysis products[J].Advances in Water Resources,2016,94:45-59.
[9]ABELEN S,SEITZ F,ABARCA-DEL-RIO R,et al.Droughts and floods in the La Plata basin in soil moisture data and GRACE[J].Remote Sensing,2015,7(6):7324-7349.
[10]杨元德,鄂栋臣,晁定波,等.GRACE估算陆地水储量季节和年际变化[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(12):2987-2992.[YANG Y D,E D C,CHAO D B,et al.Seasonal and inter-annual change in land water storage from GRACE.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(12):2987-2992.]
[11]金晓龙,邵华,张弛,等.GPM卫星降水数据在天山山区的适用性分析[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(12):2074-2085.[JIN X L,SHAO H,ZHANG C,et al.The applicability evaluation of three satellite products in Tianshan Mountains.Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(12):2074-2085.]
[12]PENATTI N C,ALMEIDA T I R D,FERREIRA L G,et al.Satellite-based hydrological dynamics of the world’s largest continuous wetland[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2015,170(1):1-13.
[13]许民,叶柏生,赵求东,等.利用GRACE重力卫星监测新疆天山山区水储量时空变化[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(3):404-411.[XU M,YE B S,ZHAO Q D,et al.Spatiotemporal change of water reserves in the Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang based on GRACE.Arid Zone Research,2013,30(3):404-411.]
[14]严家宝,贾绍凤,吕爱锋,等.近十年中国陆地水储量变化及其时空分布规律[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(4):21-28.[YAN J B,JIA S F,LüA F,et al.Spatial-temporal variation characteristics of China terrestrial water storage in the last ten year.South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016,14(4):21-28.]
[15]曹艳萍,南卓铜,胡兴林.利用GRACE重力卫星数据反演黑河流域地下水变化[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(3):680-689.[CAO Y P,NAN Z T,HU X L.Changes of groundwater storage in the Heihe River Basin derived from GRACE gravity satellite data.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(3):680-689.]
[16]MO X,WU J J,WANG Q,et al.Variations in water storage in China over recent decades from GRACE observations and GLDAS[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2016,16(2):469-482.
[17]SWENSON S,WAHR J.Post-processing removal of correlated errors in GRACE data[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33(8):1223.doi:10-1029/2005GL025285.
[18]邹正波,李辉,吴云龙,等.日本M_W9.0地震震区及其周缘2002—2015年卫星重力变化时空特征[J].地震学报,2016,38(3):417-428.[ZOU Z B,LI H,WU Y L,et al.Spatial and temporal characteristics of long-term satellite gravity change in the epicenter of Mw9.0 Japan earthquake and its surrounding region.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2016,38(3):417-428.]
[19]刘兆飞,王翊晨,姚治君,等.太湖流域降水、气温与径流变化趋势及周期分析[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(9):1575-1584.[LIU Z F,WANG Y C,YAO Z J,et al.Trend and periodicity of precipitation,air temperature and runoff in the Taihu Lake Basin.Journal of Natural Resources,2011,26(9):1575-1584.]
[20]袁丽华,蒋卫国,申文明,等.2000—2010年黄河流域植被覆盖的时空变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7798-7806.[YUAN L H,JIANG W G,SHEN W M,et al.The spatio-temporal variations of vegetation cover in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2010.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(24):7798-7806.]
[21]魏浩翰,何秀凤,郑加柱.联合重力卫星数据及气候水文模型监测西南地区陆地水储量变化[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(6):488-492.[WEI H H,HE X F,ZHENG J Z.Terrestrial water storage variations in Southwest China revealed by gravity mission and hydrologic and climate model.Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences Edition),2013,41(6):488-492.]
[22]TANG Q H,ZHANG X J,TANG Y.Anthropogenic impacts on mass change in North China[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2013,40(15):3924-3928.
[23]YAO X J,LIU S Y,LONG L,et al.Spatial-temporal characteristics of lake area variations in Hoh Xil region from 1970to 2011[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,24(4):689-702.
[24]XIANG L W,WANG H S,STEFFEN H,et al.Groundwater storage changes in the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas revealed from GRACE satellite gravity data[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2016,449:228-239.
(1)比利时鲁汶大学灾害流行病学研究中心的紧急灾害数据库(Emergency Events Database,EM-DAT),该数据在国际灾害管理和研究领域被广泛应用,该数据库收录了自1900年以来17 000多例大灾害发生和影响数据。