密度对苜蓿种子产量及其构成因子的影响
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摘要
为研究密度对苜蓿生殖格局的影响,在滴灌条件下,苜蓿行距30 cm,通过设置5、10、15、20、25、30 cm株距,研究其对苜蓿种子产量及其构成因子的影响。研究结果表明,密度对苜蓿的种子产量等影响较大,其中,结荚率较高的是10 cm株距处理,高达59.66%,但其种子产量最低,仅为572.83 kg/hm~2;种子产量较高的是5 cm株距处理,为1050.20 kg/hm~2,30 cm株距处理次之,为1002.15 kg/hm~2;种子发芽率最高的是5、15 cm株距处理,均为91.33%。苜蓿种子产量与分枝数、单序荚果数、单荚种子数、种子千粒重等显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.54、0.523、0.474、0.507。综合分析认为,苜蓿种子产量构成因子受密度的影响比较明显,适宜的高/低密度均能够提高苜蓿种子产量,但密度影响种子产量及其构成因子的贡献率。
The paper aims to study the effect of reproductive pattern under different densities of alfalfa. Afield trail was conducted by setting up plant spacing of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 cm with row spacing of 30 cmunder drip irrigation condition. Experimental data showed that there was obvious influence of differentdensities on pod rate and seed yield. The pod rate of 10 cm was higher than that of others, up to 59.66%, butthe seed yield was the lowest, only 572.83 kg/hm~2. The seed yield of 5 cm was higher than that of others, up to 1050.20 kg/hm~2, the next was 30 cm, 1002.15 kg/hm~2. The seed germination rate of both 5 cm and 15 cm was91.33%, which was higher that of other treatments. Branches, pod number per inflorescence, seed number perpod, 1000-grain weight were more positively correlated with seed yield of alfalfa, with correlation coefficientsof 0.54, 0.523, 0.474, 0.507, respectively. Therefore, the density has significant effect on seed yieldcomponents, the properly high or low density can increase the seed yield, but the density has influence on seedyield and its components' contribution rate.
The paper aims to study the effect of reproductive pattern under different densities of alfalfa. Afield trail was conducted by setting up plant spacing of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 cm with row spacing of 30 cmunder drip irrigation condition. Experimental data showed that there was obvious influence of differentdensities on pod rate and seed yield. The pod rate of 10 cm was higher than that of others, up to 59.66%, butthe seed yield was the lowest, only 572.83 kg/hm~2. The seed yield of 5 cm was higher than that of others, up to 1050.20 kg/hm~2, the next was 30 cm, 1002.15 kg/hm~2. The seed germination rate of both 5 cm and 15 cm was91.33%, which was higher that of other treatments. Branches, pod number per inflorescence, seed number perpod, 1000-grain weight were more positively correlated with seed yield of alfalfa, with correlation coefficientsof 0.54, 0.523, 0.474, 0.507, respectively. Therefore, the density has significant effect on seed yieldcomponents, the properly high or low density can increase the seed yield, but the density has influence on seedyield and its components' contribution rate.
引文
[1]陈述明.种植密度和苜蓿种子产量关系的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2005.
[2]张爱勤.苜蓿传粉特性及其影响种子产量形成的因素分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2006.
[3]周刊社.苜蓿品种种子产量及其构成因素的多样性研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2007.
[4]王明泽,李国良,王殿奎,等.不同播种密度对紫花苜蓿种子产量影响的研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2011(8):83-85.
[5]范高华,黄迎新,赵学勇,等.种群密度对沙米异速生长的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(3):53-64.
[6]Askarian M,Hampton J G,Hill M J.Effect of paclobutrazol on seed yield of Lucerne(Medicago sativa L.)cv.grasslands orange[J].Journal of applied seed production,1994(12):9-13.
[7]Askarian M J,Ghampton M,Hill M J.Effect of row spacing and sowing rate on seed production of lucerne cv.grasslands orange[J].New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research,1995,38(3):289-295.
[8]Palmer T P,Donovan B J.Seed production of new cultivars of Lucerne[J].Herbage seed production,Grassland Research and Practice Series,1980(1):87-91.
[9]Lancashire J A,Vuckovic S.Influence of row spacing,seed rate,boron and zinc fertilization on alfalfa seed yield and germination[J].Review of Research Work at the Faculty of Agriculture,1996,41(2):7-20.
[10]周刊社,刘依兰,王彦荣.苜蓿种子产量及其构成因素的多样性研究[J].分子植物育种,2009,7(1):95-104.
[11]周刊社,普布卓玛,刘依兰.苜蓿品种种子产量及其构成因素的多样性研究进展[J].草业与畜牧,2010(8):14-21.
[12]王钊.种植密度对草原3号杂花苜蓿生长发育的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2008.
[13]张凤霞.密度、个体大小和种子大小对作物生物量分配的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[14]陈述明,王玉祥.刈割时间对苜蓿生殖生长及种子性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(17):7-11.
[15]陈述明,王玉祥.滴灌条件下苜蓿刈割适期的研究[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(18):25-28.
[16]邱鹏程,杜永春,孔国东,等.种植密度和施氮量对玉米‘伊单52’和‘伊单81’产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(1):13-17.
[17]郭伟,郭建华,于崧,等.不同栽培模式与密度对小豆花后干物质积累及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(2):29-34.
[18]马克成,王秉龙.不同行距及播量对紫花苜蓿种子产量和质量的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2014(8):6-7.
[19]王敬龙,曹致中,杜文华,等.不同行距处理对紫花苜蓿种子产量的影响[J].草原与草坪,2006(6):49-51.
[20]王明泽,李国良,王殿奎,等.不同播种密度对紫花苜蓿种子产量影响的研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2011(8):83-85.
[21]柯梅,王玉祥,朱进忠,等.密度对红豆草农艺性状和种子产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(3):157-160.
[22]石凤瓴,康英.不同环境条件下紫花苜蓿种子产量及质量性状的研究[J].中国草地,2000(3):34-38.
[23]张银敏.行距与施肥对紫花苜蓿和蒙农红豆草种子产量及质量的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[24]李蕾蕾,李聪,王永辰,等.灌溉与密度对沙打旺种子产量及其构成因素的影响[J].草地学报,2008,16(1):65-69.
[25]王显国.密度调控、施肥、刈割等措施对紫花苜蓿种子产量和质量的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[26]王玉祥.激素对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)生殖生长调控和种子高产技术研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2015.
[2]张爱勤.苜蓿传粉特性及其影响种子产量形成的因素分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2006.
[3]周刊社.苜蓿品种种子产量及其构成因素的多样性研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2007.
[4]王明泽,李国良,王殿奎,等.不同播种密度对紫花苜蓿种子产量影响的研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2011(8):83-85.
[5]范高华,黄迎新,赵学勇,等.种群密度对沙米异速生长的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(3):53-64.
[6]Askarian M,Hampton J G,Hill M J.Effect of paclobutrazol on seed yield of Lucerne(Medicago sativa L.)cv.grasslands orange[J].Journal of applied seed production,1994(12):9-13.
[7]Askarian M J,Ghampton M,Hill M J.Effect of row spacing and sowing rate on seed production of lucerne cv.grasslands orange[J].New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research,1995,38(3):289-295.
[8]Palmer T P,Donovan B J.Seed production of new cultivars of Lucerne[J].Herbage seed production,Grassland Research and Practice Series,1980(1):87-91.
[9]Lancashire J A,Vuckovic S.Influence of row spacing,seed rate,boron and zinc fertilization on alfalfa seed yield and germination[J].Review of Research Work at the Faculty of Agriculture,1996,41(2):7-20.
[10]周刊社,刘依兰,王彦荣.苜蓿种子产量及其构成因素的多样性研究[J].分子植物育种,2009,7(1):95-104.
[11]周刊社,普布卓玛,刘依兰.苜蓿品种种子产量及其构成因素的多样性研究进展[J].草业与畜牧,2010(8):14-21.
[12]王钊.种植密度对草原3号杂花苜蓿生长发育的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2008.
[13]张凤霞.密度、个体大小和种子大小对作物生物量分配的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[14]陈述明,王玉祥.刈割时间对苜蓿生殖生长及种子性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(17):7-11.
[15]陈述明,王玉祥.滴灌条件下苜蓿刈割适期的研究[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(18):25-28.
[16]邱鹏程,杜永春,孔国东,等.种植密度和施氮量对玉米‘伊单52’和‘伊单81’产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(1):13-17.
[17]郭伟,郭建华,于崧,等.不同栽培模式与密度对小豆花后干物质积累及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(2):29-34.
[18]马克成,王秉龙.不同行距及播量对紫花苜蓿种子产量和质量的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2014(8):6-7.
[19]王敬龙,曹致中,杜文华,等.不同行距处理对紫花苜蓿种子产量的影响[J].草原与草坪,2006(6):49-51.
[20]王明泽,李国良,王殿奎,等.不同播种密度对紫花苜蓿种子产量影响的研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2011(8):83-85.
[21]柯梅,王玉祥,朱进忠,等.密度对红豆草农艺性状和种子产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(3):157-160.
[22]石凤瓴,康英.不同环境条件下紫花苜蓿种子产量及质量性状的研究[J].中国草地,2000(3):34-38.
[23]张银敏.行距与施肥对紫花苜蓿和蒙农红豆草种子产量及质量的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[24]李蕾蕾,李聪,王永辰,等.灌溉与密度对沙打旺种子产量及其构成因素的影响[J].草地学报,2008,16(1):65-69.
[25]王显国.密度调控、施肥、刈割等措施对紫花苜蓿种子产量和质量的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[26]王玉祥.激素对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)生殖生长调控和种子高产技术研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2015.