南非进口羊毛携带蜱的监测与伊文斯扇头蜱鉴定
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摘要
目的为防止有害寄生虫通过国际贸易传入我国,对进口羊毛进行蜱监测与鉴定。方法采集进口羊毛进行蜱检疫。将检出的蜱进行形态学鉴定,并提取其基因组DNA,扩增线粒体16S rRNA基因和细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因,并进行测序鉴定。结果 2016年1月至2018年8月上海口岸从南非进口的31批次羊毛中,有8批次羊毛检出蜱,阳性检出率为25.8%。经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,隶属3属8种,其中伊文斯扇头蜱15只,占截获蜱总数的53.6%,为本批次南非羊毛携带蜱的优势种类,该蜱在我国暂无分布记录。结论从南非进口羊毛中检出的蜱主要为一种能传播巴贝斯虫病等多种动物疫病的伊文斯扇头蜱。
Objective To quarantine and identify the ticks carried by wool imported from South Africa to China, and to prevent the transmission of harmful parasites through international trade. Methods Thirty-one batches of wool imported from South Africa at Shanghai port from January 2016 to August 2018 were examined to detect ticks. The detected ticks were subjected to morphological identification. Genomic DNA was extracted from the ticks, and the mitochondrial 16 S r RNA gene and cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene were amplified and sequenced for molecular biological identification.Results Thirty-one batches of wool were imported from South Africa at Shanghai port from January 2016 to August2018. Ticks were observed in 8 batches of the imported wool, with a positive detection rate of 25.8%. They belonged to 8 species and 3 genera as identified by morphological and molecular biological methods. There were 15 ticks of Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, as the predominant species(53.6% of the total number) of intercepted ticks carried by the wool imported from South Africa; there was no distribution record of this tick species in China. Conclusion The intercepted ticks carried by wool imported from South Africa are mainly Rh. e. evertsi, which can transmit multiple animal diseases including babesiosis.
Objective To quarantine and identify the ticks carried by wool imported from South Africa to China, and to prevent the transmission of harmful parasites through international trade. Methods Thirty-one batches of wool imported from South Africa at Shanghai port from January 2016 to August 2018 were examined to detect ticks. The detected ticks were subjected to morphological identification. Genomic DNA was extracted from the ticks, and the mitochondrial 16 S r RNA gene and cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene were amplified and sequenced for molecular biological identification.Results Thirty-one batches of wool were imported from South Africa at Shanghai port from January 2016 to August2018. Ticks were observed in 8 batches of the imported wool, with a positive detection rate of 25.8%. They belonged to 8 species and 3 genera as identified by morphological and molecular biological methods. There were 15 ticks of Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, as the predominant species(53.6% of the total number) of intercepted ticks carried by the wool imported from South Africa; there was no distribution record of this tick species in China. Conclusion The intercepted ticks carried by wool imported from South Africa are mainly Rh. e. evertsi, which can transmit multiple animal diseases including babesiosis.
引文
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[10]吕洁毅,何振毅,刘谢,等.佛山口岸首次截获绚丽花蜱[J].寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2016,23(4):237-241. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2016.04.008.
[11]余招锋,徐慧,陈鹏程,等.一批泰国进境板材中截获的囊形扇头蜱的鉴定和检疫[J].中国动物检疫,2017,34(2):58-60. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-944X.2017.02.016.
[12]邓国藩,姜在阶.中国经济昆虫志.第39册.蜱螨亚纲:硬蜱科[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:359.
[13] Walker AR,Bouattour A,Camicas JL,et al. Ticks of domestic animals in Africa:a guide to identification of species[M]. 2nd ed. Edinburgh Scotland UK:Bioscience Reports,2014:177-179.
[14] Londt JGH,Van der Bijl EB. The life cycle of the two-host tick Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi Neumann,1897,under laboratory conditions(Acarina:Ixodidae)[J]. Onderstepoort J Vet Res,1977,44(1):21-28.
[15] Pegram RG,Hoogstraal H,Wassef HY. Ticks(Acari:Ixodoidea)of the Yemen Arab republic. I. Species infesting livestock[J].Bull Entomol Res,1982,72(2):215-227. DOI:10.1017/S0007485300010518.
[2] Hoogstraal H,Aeschlimann A. Tick-host specificity[J]. Bull Soc Entomol Suisse,1982,55:5-32.
[3]赵丹云,孙毅,陈卫军,等.天津口岸首次截获随人入境外来蜱的形态学及分子鉴定[J].中国国境卫生检疫杂志,2016,39(4):256-259. DOI:10.16408/j.1004-9770.2016.04.009.
[4]段炜.中国蜱类系统分类学研究(蜱螨亚纲:蜱目)[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2013.
[5] Horak IG,Camicas JL,Keirans JE. The Argasidae,Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae(Acari:Ixodida):a world list of valid tick names[J]. Exp Appl Acarol,2002,28(1/4):27-54. DOI:10.1023/A:1025381712339.
[6] Murrell A,Campbell NJH,Barker SC. A total-evidence phylogeny of ticks provides insights into the evolution of life cycles and biogeography[J]. Mol Phylogenet Evol,2001,21(2):244-258. DOI:10.1006/mpev.2001.1018.
[7]尹小平,叶志辉,骄娃,等.阿拉山口口岸地区蜱类区系调查及宿主动物染带关系监测分析[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2010,21(4):375-377.
[8]赵爽,胡文海,闫清丽,等.南沙口岸首次从入境牛皮中截获盾陷璃眼蜱[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2014,25(5):452-454. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2014.05.017.
[9]徐军,王安东,戴莉,等.中哈边境阿拉山口口岸输入性亚洲璃眼蜱的种类鉴定与分析[J].中国兽医杂志,2016,52(11):17-19.
[10]吕洁毅,何振毅,刘谢,等.佛山口岸首次截获绚丽花蜱[J].寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2016,23(4):237-241. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2016.04.008.
[11]余招锋,徐慧,陈鹏程,等.一批泰国进境板材中截获的囊形扇头蜱的鉴定和检疫[J].中国动物检疫,2017,34(2):58-60. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-944X.2017.02.016.
[12]邓国藩,姜在阶.中国经济昆虫志.第39册.蜱螨亚纲:硬蜱科[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:359.
[13] Walker AR,Bouattour A,Camicas JL,et al. Ticks of domestic animals in Africa:a guide to identification of species[M]. 2nd ed. Edinburgh Scotland UK:Bioscience Reports,2014:177-179.
[14] Londt JGH,Van der Bijl EB. The life cycle of the two-host tick Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi Neumann,1897,under laboratory conditions(Acarina:Ixodidae)[J]. Onderstepoort J Vet Res,1977,44(1):21-28.
[15] Pegram RG,Hoogstraal H,Wassef HY. Ticks(Acari:Ixodoidea)of the Yemen Arab republic. I. Species infesting livestock[J].Bull Entomol Res,1982,72(2):215-227. DOI:10.1017/S0007485300010518.