氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱在龙眼中的残留行为与合理使用评价
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摘要
[目的]明确氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱在龙眼上的残留行为,为氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱的合理使用及其安全性评价提供科学依据。[方法]采用田间小区方法进行氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱在龙眼环境中的消解动态试验。样品采用甲醇提取、弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,气相色谱测定。[结果]龙眼中氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱添加质量浓度为0.01~1 mg/L时,其平均添加回收率分别为85.15%~87.84%、84.87%~85.96%;相对标准偏差分别为2.45%~7.58%、2.57%~5.63%。检出限(LOD)为0.005 mg/kg;定量限(LOQ)为0.01 mg/kg。氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱在龙眼中的半衰期分别为4.75~8.27、3.17~6.87 d。采用风险商方法进行评估,喷施氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱后0~7 d内的龙眼对2~4岁、18~30岁和60~70岁人群的风险都很低。[结论]建议用氯氰·毒死蜱乳油防治龙眼蒂蛀虫时,质量浓度应控制在0.391 5~0.783 g/L,每株使用剂量为0.587 3~1.174 5 g,安全间隔期设定为7 d,对作物和人类健康都是安全的。
[Aims] The aims was to evaluate the residue dynamics of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in longan, and provide the scientific basis for rational use and safety assessment. [Methods] The residue dynamics of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in longan was studied by field experiment. The samples were extracted with methanol, cleaned up by Florisil extract column and detected by gas chromatography with electron capture detector(GC-ECD). [Results] When the spiked levels were in the range of 0.01 to 1 mg/L, the average recoveries of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos ranged from 85.15 to 87.84% and from 84.87 to 85.96% with the relative standard deviations of 2.45-7.58% and 2.57-5.63%,respectively. The limit of detection(LOD) was 0.005 mg/kg and the limit of quantification(LOQ) was 0.01 mg/kg. The half-lives of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in longan were 4.75-8.27 and 3.17-6.87 d, respectively. Risk quotient showed that the risk of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos for the people aged of 2-4, 18-30 and 60-70 within 7 d PHI were low.[Conclusions] It is suggested that cypermethrin·chlorpyrifos EC is safe to humans when is use for controlling of Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley in longan with a pre-harvest time(PHI) of 7 d, sprayed once at the rate of 0.391 5-0.783 g/L and 0.587 3-1.174 5 g per plant.
[Aims] The aims was to evaluate the residue dynamics of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in longan, and provide the scientific basis for rational use and safety assessment. [Methods] The residue dynamics of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in longan was studied by field experiment. The samples were extracted with methanol, cleaned up by Florisil extract column and detected by gas chromatography with electron capture detector(GC-ECD). [Results] When the spiked levels were in the range of 0.01 to 1 mg/L, the average recoveries of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos ranged from 85.15 to 87.84% and from 84.87 to 85.96% with the relative standard deviations of 2.45-7.58% and 2.57-5.63%,respectively. The limit of detection(LOD) was 0.005 mg/kg and the limit of quantification(LOQ) was 0.01 mg/kg. The half-lives of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in longan were 4.75-8.27 and 3.17-6.87 d, respectively. Risk quotient showed that the risk of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos for the people aged of 2-4, 18-30 and 60-70 within 7 d PHI were low.[Conclusions] It is suggested that cypermethrin·chlorpyrifos EC is safe to humans when is use for controlling of Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley in longan with a pre-harvest time(PHI) of 7 d, sprayed once at the rate of 0.391 5-0.783 g/L and 0.587 3-1.174 5 g per plant.
引文
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[12]张金虎,赵政阳,梁俊,等.毒死蜱在苹果果实、叶片及果园土壤中的残留分析研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(1):185-189.
[13]RANI M,SAINI S,KUMARI B.Leaching Behaviour of Chlorpyriphos and Cypermethrin in Sandy Loam Soil[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2014,186(4):175-182.
[14]张忠宝,刘丽艳,姚立清,等.毒死蜱在人参和土壤中的残留量及其消解动态研究[J].中国植保导刊,2014,34(9):9-12.
[15]GUPTA S,GAJBHIYE V T,SHARMA R K,et al.Dissipation of Cypermethrin,Chlorpyriphos,and Profenofos in Tomato Fruits and Soil Following Application of Pre-mix Formulations[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2011,174(4):337-345.
[16]GEORGE T,BEEVI N,GEIRGE X,et al.Dissipation Kinetics and Assessment of Processing Factor for Chlorpyrifos and Lambda-cyhalothrin in Cardamom[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2013,185(6):5277-5284.
[17]查玉兵,杨春亮,刘丽丽,等.反相高效液相色谱法测定龙眼中阿维菌素残留量[J].分析仪器,2008(5):36-38.
[18]刘杰,杨春亮,查玉兵,等.高效液相色谱法-荧光检测器同时检测龙眼中多菌灵和噻菌灵残留[J].广东农业科学,2010(3):150-152.
[19]张群,刘春华,吴南村,等.气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定龙眼中的噻菌灵、多效唑、己唑醇[J].农药,2014,53(6):423-425,462.
[20]王陇德.中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告之一:综合报告[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2005.
[2]余华荣,周灿芳,万忠,等.2009年广东荔枝龙眼产业发展现状分析[J].广东农业科学,2010(4):288-291.
[3]古小玲,李玉萍,梁伟红,等.中国龙眼产业发展概况[J].热带农业科学,2008,24(9):470-474.
[4]胡菡青,陈瑾,韦晓霞,等.我国龙眼害虫的研究现状[J].福建农业学报,2010,25(4):531-536.
[5]李志强,邱燕萍,欧良喜,等.不同环境龙眼园中荔枝蒂蛀虫危害调查[J].广东农业科学,2008(12):93-94.
[6]张艳,吴燕,王晓菁,等.枸杞中高效氯氰菊酯的残留动态研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(13):239-242.
[7]JYOT G,MANDAL K,BATTU R S,et al.Estimation of Chlorpyriphos and Cypermethrin Residues in Chilli(Capsicum annuum L.)by Gas-liquid Chromatography[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2013,185(7):5703-5714.
[8]李非里,孙继万,汪志威,等.超声萃取-气相色谱法测定黄瓜中残留的百菌清和毒死蜱[J].浙江工业大学学报,2014,42(3):330-333.
[9]洪文英,谢国雄,吴燕君,等.毒死蜱在白菜中的残留动态研究[J].浙江农业学报,2009,21(6):614-617.
[10]KAUR P,YADAV G S,CHAUHAN R,et al.Persistence of Cypermethrin and Decamethrin Residues in/on Brinjal Fruits[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2011,87(6):693-698.
[11]丁建,周洪波,崔永亮,等.毒死蜱在猕猴桃中的残留动态研究[J].西北农业学报,2011,24(1):373-375.
[12]张金虎,赵政阳,梁俊,等.毒死蜱在苹果果实、叶片及果园土壤中的残留分析研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(1):185-189.
[13]RANI M,SAINI S,KUMARI B.Leaching Behaviour of Chlorpyriphos and Cypermethrin in Sandy Loam Soil[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2014,186(4):175-182.
[14]张忠宝,刘丽艳,姚立清,等.毒死蜱在人参和土壤中的残留量及其消解动态研究[J].中国植保导刊,2014,34(9):9-12.
[15]GUPTA S,GAJBHIYE V T,SHARMA R K,et al.Dissipation of Cypermethrin,Chlorpyriphos,and Profenofos in Tomato Fruits and Soil Following Application of Pre-mix Formulations[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2011,174(4):337-345.
[16]GEORGE T,BEEVI N,GEIRGE X,et al.Dissipation Kinetics and Assessment of Processing Factor for Chlorpyrifos and Lambda-cyhalothrin in Cardamom[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2013,185(6):5277-5284.
[17]查玉兵,杨春亮,刘丽丽,等.反相高效液相色谱法测定龙眼中阿维菌素残留量[J].分析仪器,2008(5):36-38.
[18]刘杰,杨春亮,查玉兵,等.高效液相色谱法-荧光检测器同时检测龙眼中多菌灵和噻菌灵残留[J].广东农业科学,2010(3):150-152.
[19]张群,刘春华,吴南村,等.气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定龙眼中的噻菌灵、多效唑、己唑醇[J].农药,2014,53(6):423-425,462.
[20]王陇德.中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告之一:综合报告[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2005.