熵视角下的广州城市生态系统可持续发展能力分析
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摘要
通过对城市生态系统的结构和功能分析,以及城市作为耗散结构系统的熵变分析,构建广州城市生态系统可持续发展能力评价指标体系;运用信息熵构建了广州城市生态系统可持续发展能力评价模型;将熵权与指标时间序列变化相结合,分析指标时间序列变化对广州城市生态系统可持续发展能力的影响,从而提出广州城市生态系统可持续发展的针对性措施。研究结果显示:在2004-2010年间,(1)广州市社会经济生态系统对自然生态系统的需求不断增大,城市环境污染问题得到有效控制,城市生态系统内部不断朝着有序、健康的方向发展;(2)自然生态系统对社会经济系统的支持能力总体逐渐上升,生态环境的改善使广州城市生态系统的协调性和活力得到增强,城市生态系统可持续发展能力总体呈上升趋势。该研究方法能反映出城市作为复合生态系统的结构、功能和演化机制,能有效地弥补城市可持续发展研究中所存在的可持续发展对策比较笼统、缺乏针对性的不足。
The research has been carried out in three steps. Firstly, the evaluation index system of sustainable development ability of the urban ecosystem was formed based on the structures and functions of the urban ecosystem and the entropy change of the urban socio-economic ecosystem. Secondly, the sustainable development ability assessment model for the urban ecosystem was built up based on information entropy. Lastly, through combining the time series variation of the evaluation indicators with the entropy weights, this paper analyzed its influence on the sustainable development ability of the urban ecosystem in Guangzhou, and then put forward some countermeasures to promote the urban ecosystem sustainable development in Guangzhou. The main conclusions of this study could be summarized as follows: (1) The urban ecosystem developed in an orderly and healthy direction with the effective control over the urban environmental pollution problems in Guangzhou between 2004 and 2010. Meanwhile the requirements of the socio-economic ecosystem on the natural ecosystem continuously grew with the rapid socio-economic development in the city. (2) On the whole, the sustainable development ability of the urban ecosystem had been on an upward trend in Guangzhou during the study period. What's more, the ability of the urban natural ecosystem to support the urban socio-economic ecosystem continuously showed an increasing trend and the improvement of ecological environment enhanced the harmony and vitality of the urban ecosystem in Guangzhou.
The research has been carried out in three steps. Firstly, the evaluation index system of sustainable development ability of the urban ecosystem was formed based on the structures and functions of the urban ecosystem and the entropy change of the urban socio-economic ecosystem. Secondly, the sustainable development ability assessment model for the urban ecosystem was built up based on information entropy. Lastly, through combining the time series variation of the evaluation indicators with the entropy weights, this paper analyzed its influence on the sustainable development ability of the urban ecosystem in Guangzhou, and then put forward some countermeasures to promote the urban ecosystem sustainable development in Guangzhou. The main conclusions of this study could be summarized as follows: (1) The urban ecosystem developed in an orderly and healthy direction with the effective control over the urban environmental pollution problems in Guangzhou between 2004 and 2010. Meanwhile the requirements of the socio-economic ecosystem on the natural ecosystem continuously grew with the rapid socio-economic development in the city. (2) On the whole, the sustainable development ability of the urban ecosystem had been on an upward trend in Guangzhou during the study period. What's more, the ability of the urban natural ecosystem to support the urban socio-economic ecosystem continuously showed an increasing trend and the improvement of ecological environment enhanced the harmony and vitality of the urban ecosystem in Guangzhou.
引文
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[3]Sun Xun,Cheng Hongshan,Chen Zhanghe.Assessment and forecast of urban sustainability based on ecological footprint.Ecological Science,2007,26(4):343-350.[孙逊,成洪山,陈章和.基于生态足迹模型的城市可持续发展定量评估与预测.生态科学,2007,26(4):343-350.]
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[5]Zhu Li.Evolutional analysis of social,environmental and economic development of Guangzhou(1978-2003)by using entropy theory.Ecology and Environment,2008,17(1):411-415.[朱丽.运用熵值法探讨广州25年社会、环境和经济变化状况.生态环境,2008,17(1):411-415.]
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[16]Zhang Yan,Yang Zhifeng,Li Wei.Analyses of urban ecosystem based on information entropy.Ecological Modelling,2006,197:1-12.
[17]Zhang Qiren.A general information theory proof of the second law of thermodynamics.Science in China:Series G,2008,38(6):781-784.[张启仁.热力学第二定律的一个普遍的信息论证明.中国科学:G辑,2008,38(6):781-784.]
[18]Xu Jianhua,Gao Yujing.The self-organizing way,influencing factors and entropy change of geographical system evolution.Journal of Systemic Dialectics,2001,9(3):53-57.[徐建华,高玉景.地理系统演化的自组织途径、影响因素及熵标志.系统辩证学学报,2001,9(3):53-57.]
[19]Chang Hongyu.The relation ships between information and entropy.Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2005,35(5):137-140.[常宏宇.信息量和熵的关系.数学的实践与认识,2005,35(5):137-140.]
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[21]Wang Yuming.The analysis of entropy changes on the evolutional tendency of geographical environment.Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(11):1508-1517.[王玉明.地理环境演化趋势的熵变化分析.地理学报,2011,66(11):1508-1517.]
[22]Zhan Kenhua,Shen Xiaofeng.Prigogine and Theory of Dissipative Structure.Xi'an:Shaanxi Science&Technology Press,1998.[湛垦华,沈小峰.普利高津与耗散结构理论.西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1998.]
[23]Liu Yanbin,Song Xuefeng.The coupled mode and discrimination of urbanization and ecological environment.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2005,25(4):408-414.[刘耀彬,宋学锋.城市化与生态环境耦合模式及判别.地理科学,2005,25(4):408-414.]
[24]Chen Yanguang.Self-organized characteristics and criteria of the development of Chinese cities.City Planning Review,2006,30(8):24-30.[陈彦光.中国城市发展的自组织特征与判据:为什么说所有城市都是自组织的?城市规划,2006,30(8):24-30.]
[25]Zhou Hong.Human Ecology.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2001.[周鸿.人类生态学.北京:高等教育出版社,2001.]
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[28]Kelly K L.A systems approach to identifying decisive information for sustainable development.European Journal of Operational Research,1998,109:452-464.
[29]Guangzhou Development Planning Commission.Platform for Eco-city Planning of Guangzhou(2001-2020).Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Publishing House,2003:92-94.[广州市发展计划委员会.广州市生态城市规划纲要(2001-2020).广州:广东科技出版社,2003:92-94.]
[30]Guo Xiurui.Assessment of urban ecosystem health:A case study of Guangzhou[D].Beijing:Beijing Normal University,2003.[郭秀锐.城市生态系统健康评价:以广州市为例[D].北京:北京师范大学,2003.]
[31]Xu Linyu,Yang Zhifeng.Urban Ecological Carrying Capacity.Beijing:Beijing Normal University Press,2011,164.[徐琳瑜,杨志峰.城市生态系统承载力.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2011:164.]
[32]Zhang Jinle,Ren Jie.The deficiencies and amendments of the calculation formulate of entropy and entropy weight in the theory of entropy.Statistics&Information Forum,2011,26(1):3-5.[张近乐,任杰.熵理论中熵及熵权计算式的不足与修正.统计与信息论坛,2011,26(1):3-5.]
[33]Lin Zhenming,Xia Bing,Dong Wujuan.Analysis on temporal-spatial changes of land-use structure in Guangdong province based on information entropy.Tropical Geography,2011,31(3):266-271.[林珍铭,夏斌,董武娟.基于信息熵的广东省土地利用结构时空变化分析.热带地理,2011,31(3):266-271.]
[34]Zhang Weimin.Evaluation of urban sustainable development based on entropy.Journal of Xiamen University:Arts&Social Sciences,2004,(2):109-115.[张卫民.基于熵值法的城市可持续发展评价模型.厦门大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2004,(2):109-115.]
[35]Chen Yujuan,Zha Qifen,Li Xiaolan.The application of the information entropy to the Appraisal of the urban sustainable development level.Journal of Jiangsu University:Social Science Edition,2006,(5):88-92.[陈玉娟,查奇芬,黎晓兰.熵值法在城市可持续发展水平评价中的应用.江苏大学学报:社会科学版,2006,(5):88-92.]
[36]Hu Biyu,Hu Changsheng,Guo Junjun.An entropy weight approach on the synthetic assessment of the northern Sichuan urban ecosystem health.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(6):158-163.[胡碧玉,胡昌升,郭郡郡.基于熵权的川北城市生态系统健康综合评价.水土保持研究,2010,17(6):158-163.]
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[2]Guo Xiurui,Yang Jurong,Mao Xianqiang.Calculation and analysis of urban ecological footprint:A case study of Guangzhou.Geographical Research,2003,22(5):654-662.[郭秀锐,杨居荣,毛显强.城市生态足迹计算与分析:以广州为例.地理研究,2003,22(5):654-662.]
[3]Sun Xun,Cheng Hongshan,Chen Zhanghe.Assessment and forecast of urban sustainability based on ecological footprint.Ecological Science,2007,26(4):343-350.[孙逊,成洪山,陈章和.基于生态足迹模型的城市可持续发展定量评估与预测.生态科学,2007,26(4):343-350.]
[4]Hu Guiping,Long Zhihe,Li Min et al.Analysis of the sustainable development for Guangzhou City based on the method of improved ecological footprints.Journal of South China Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2010,(2):96-100.[胡贵平,龙志和,李敏等.广州市生态环境可持续发展能力分析:基于修正的生态足迹法.华南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,(2):96-100.]
[5]Zhu Li.Evolutional analysis of social,environmental and economic development of Guangzhou(1978-2003)by using entropy theory.Ecology and Environment,2008,17(1):411-415.[朱丽.运用熵值法探讨广州25年社会、环境和经济变化状况.生态环境,2008,17(1):411-415.]
[6]Guo Xiurui,Yang Jurong,Mao Xianqiang.Ecological analysis on urban sustainability:Guangzhou as a case city.Urban Environment&Urban Ecology,2002,15(5):26-28.[郭秀锐,杨居荣,毛显强.城市可持续发展的生态学分析:以广州市为例.城市环境与城市生态,2002,15(5):26-28.]
[7]Zhang Guixiang,Yang Zhifeng.Important ecological and environment problems and the countermeasures in Guangzhou City,China.Population,Resources and Environment,2003,13(4):82-87.[张贵祥,杨志峰.广州市生态风险重点及其防范策略.中国人口·资源与环境,2003,13(4):82-87.]
[8]Zhang Yan,Yang Zhifeng,Li Wei.Measurement and evaluation of interactive relation ships in urban complex ecosystem.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(7):1734-1740.[张妍,杨志峰,李巍.城市复合生态系统中互动关系的测度与评价.生态学报,2005,25(7):1734-1740.]
[9]Zhang Yan,Yang Zhifeng.A method of analyzing the interactions in an urban metabolism system.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(1):217-224.[张妍,杨志峰.一种分析城市代谢系统互动关系的方法.环境科学学报,2009,29(1):217-224.]
[10]Wu Yuqin,Yan Maochao.Simulation analysis of urban metabolic efficiency in Guangzhou City.Resources Science,2011,33(8):1555-1562.[吴玉琴,严茂超.广州城市代谢效率的模拟分析.资源科学,2011,33(8):1555-1562.]
[11]Ma Shijun,Wang Rusong.The social-economic-natural complex ecosystem.Acta Ecologica Sinica,1984,4(1):1-9.[马世骏,王如松.社会—经济—自然复合生态系统.生态学报,1984,4(1):1-9.]
[12]Guangzhou Bureau of Statistics,National Bureau of Investigation Team in Guangzhou.Guangzhou Statistical Yearbook2011.Beijing:China Statistics Press,2012.[广州市统计局,国家统计局广州调查队.广州统计年鉴2011.北京:中国统计出版社,2012.]
[13]Ren Chaoliang.5222ha green space increased in Guangzhou in the past3years.Guangzhou Daily,2011,11(30):A2.[任朝亮.广州绿地3年多5222公顷.广州日报,2011,11(30):A2.]
[14]Shannon C E.A mathematical theory of communication.Bell System Tech.J.,1948,27:379-423.
[15]Zhang Yan,Yang Zhifeng,He Mengchang et al.Analyses on evolution of urban complex ecosystem based on information entropy.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2005,25(8):1127-1134.[张妍,杨志峰,何孟常等.基于信息熵的城市生态系统演化分析.环境科学学报,2005,25(8):1127-1134.]
[16]Zhang Yan,Yang Zhifeng,Li Wei.Analyses of urban ecosystem based on information entropy.Ecological Modelling,2006,197:1-12.
[17]Zhang Qiren.A general information theory proof of the second law of thermodynamics.Science in China:Series G,2008,38(6):781-784.[张启仁.热力学第二定律的一个普遍的信息论证明.中国科学:G辑,2008,38(6):781-784.]
[18]Xu Jianhua,Gao Yujing.The self-organizing way,influencing factors and entropy change of geographical system evolution.Journal of Systemic Dialectics,2001,9(3):53-57.[徐建华,高玉景.地理系统演化的自组织途径、影响因素及熵标志.系统辩证学学报,2001,9(3):53-57.]
[19]Chang Hongyu.The relation ships between information and entropy.Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2005,35(5):137-140.[常宏宇.信息量和熵的关系.数学的实践与认识,2005,35(5):137-140.]
[20]Ma Guang et al.An Introduction to the Environment and Sustainable Development.Beijing:Science Press,2003.[马光等.环境与可持续发展导论.北京:科学出版社,2003.]
[21]Wang Yuming.The analysis of entropy changes on the evolutional tendency of geographical environment.Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(11):1508-1517.[王玉明.地理环境演化趋势的熵变化分析.地理学报,2011,66(11):1508-1517.]
[22]Zhan Kenhua,Shen Xiaofeng.Prigogine and Theory of Dissipative Structure.Xi'an:Shaanxi Science&Technology Press,1998.[湛垦华,沈小峰.普利高津与耗散结构理论.西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1998.]
[23]Liu Yanbin,Song Xuefeng.The coupled mode and discrimination of urbanization and ecological environment.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2005,25(4):408-414.[刘耀彬,宋学锋.城市化与生态环境耦合模式及判别.地理科学,2005,25(4):408-414.]
[24]Chen Yanguang.Self-organized characteristics and criteria of the development of Chinese cities.City Planning Review,2006,30(8):24-30.[陈彦光.中国城市发展的自组织特征与判据:为什么说所有城市都是自组织的?城市规划,2006,30(8):24-30.]
[25]Zhou Hong.Human Ecology.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2001.[周鸿.人类生态学.北京:高等教育出版社,2001.]
[26]Weber B H,Depew D J,Smith J D.Entropy Information and Evolution:New Perspectives on Physical and Biological Evolution.MIT Press,Cambridge,MA,1988,173.
[27]Ma Haihu,Wang Qi,Ke Qiang et al.Analysis on evolution of urban ecosystem and ability of sustainable development in Wenzhou.Ecological Economy,2008,10:131-135,140.[马海虎,王奇,柯强等.温州城市生态系统演化和可持续发展能力分析.生态经济,2008,10:131-135,140.]
[28]Kelly K L.A systems approach to identifying decisive information for sustainable development.European Journal of Operational Research,1998,109:452-464.
[29]Guangzhou Development Planning Commission.Platform for Eco-city Planning of Guangzhou(2001-2020).Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Publishing House,2003:92-94.[广州市发展计划委员会.广州市生态城市规划纲要(2001-2020).广州:广东科技出版社,2003:92-94.]
[30]Guo Xiurui.Assessment of urban ecosystem health:A case study of Guangzhou[D].Beijing:Beijing Normal University,2003.[郭秀锐.城市生态系统健康评价:以广州市为例[D].北京:北京师范大学,2003.]
[31]Xu Linyu,Yang Zhifeng.Urban Ecological Carrying Capacity.Beijing:Beijing Normal University Press,2011,164.[徐琳瑜,杨志峰.城市生态系统承载力.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2011:164.]
[32]Zhang Jinle,Ren Jie.The deficiencies and amendments of the calculation formulate of entropy and entropy weight in the theory of entropy.Statistics&Information Forum,2011,26(1):3-5.[张近乐,任杰.熵理论中熵及熵权计算式的不足与修正.统计与信息论坛,2011,26(1):3-5.]
[33]Lin Zhenming,Xia Bing,Dong Wujuan.Analysis on temporal-spatial changes of land-use structure in Guangdong province based on information entropy.Tropical Geography,2011,31(3):266-271.[林珍铭,夏斌,董武娟.基于信息熵的广东省土地利用结构时空变化分析.热带地理,2011,31(3):266-271.]
[34]Zhang Weimin.Evaluation of urban sustainable development based on entropy.Journal of Xiamen University:Arts&Social Sciences,2004,(2):109-115.[张卫民.基于熵值法的城市可持续发展评价模型.厦门大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2004,(2):109-115.]
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