水产养殖环境胁迫对鱼类表观遗传的影响研究进展
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摘要
表观遗传学是研究基因核苷酸序列不发生改变的情况下,基因表达的可遗传的变化的一门遗传学分支学科。表观遗传的现象较多,已有DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑、非编码RNA调控、基因组印记、基因沉默、母体效应、核仁显性、休眠转座子激活等。在集约化的水产养殖模式中,养殖密度提高,投喂过量等均会产生刺激鱼类生长的环境因素。已有文献报道,环境胁迫因素刺激可影响鱼类表观遗传修饰,但并未涉及遗传信息的变化,所以在一定范围内可以解释为表型变化。本研究围绕环境胁迫因素对鱼类表观遗传产生的影响进行了综述,为进一步阐释环境因素与基因互作关系提供了参考。
The process of epigenetic as a branch of genetics dealing with the heritable changes in gene expression without change in the nucleotide sequence includes DNA methylation,histone modification,chromatin remodeling,noncoding RNA regulation,genomic imprinting,gene silencing,maternal effects,nucleolar dominance and dormant transposon activation. In intensive aquaculture,some environmental factors affect the growth of fish due to high stoking density,excessive feeding quantity. Up to now,more and more studies have confirmed that environmental factors alter fish epigenetic modifications,which do not involve in changing DNA sequence. So it can explain the phenotype of creature in some extend. This article focused on the influence of environmental factors on fish epigenetic changes. Overall,this review will help us get better understanding of the relationship between environmental factors and gene expression regulation.
The process of epigenetic as a branch of genetics dealing with the heritable changes in gene expression without change in the nucleotide sequence includes DNA methylation,histone modification,chromatin remodeling,noncoding RNA regulation,genomic imprinting,gene silencing,maternal effects,nucleolar dominance and dormant transposon activation. In intensive aquaculture,some environmental factors affect the growth of fish due to high stoking density,excessive feeding quantity. Up to now,more and more studies have confirmed that environmental factors alter fish epigenetic modifications,which do not involve in changing DNA sequence. So it can explain the phenotype of creature in some extend. This article focused on the influence of environmental factors on fish epigenetic changes. Overall,this review will help us get better understanding of the relationship between environmental factors and gene expression regulation.
引文
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