Assessing the influence of highway and high-speed railway construction on local climate using Landsat images in karst areas
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摘要
Large-scale transportation infrastructure construction in ecologically vulnerable areas such as the karst region of Southwest China requires estimation method for better project design. This research was carried out on a four-lane highway(the Guilin-Guiyang highway, G76) and a two-lane highspeed railway(the Guilin-Guiyang high-speed railway,GGHSR) in karst areas in Guizhou and Guangxi provinces. The highway and high-speed railway were constructed in the 2010 s and covered by Landsat images whose multispectral information could be used for research purposes. In this study, the severity of the impact and the CO_2 emissions from the G76 and GGHSR construction were evaluated. Landsat images and field meteorological measurements were applied to calculate the surface functional parameters(surface temperature and surface wetness) and heat fluxes(latent, sensible and ground heat flux) before and during the highway and high-speed railway construction; the amount of CO_2 emissions during the G76 and GGHSR construction were determined by using budget sheets, which record the detail consumptions of materials and energy. The results showed that the decrease of water evaporation from the highway and high-speed railway construction can reach up to 26.4 m~3 and 20.1 m~3 per kilometer, which corresponds to an average decrease in the vegetation cooling effect of 18.0 MWh per day per highway kilometer and 13.7 MWh per day per high-speed railway kilometer, respectively. At the meantime, the average CO_2 emission densities from the G76 and GGHSR construction can reach up to 24813.7 and 36921.1 t/km, respectively. This study implied that extensive line constructions have a significant impact on the local climate and the energy balance, and it is evident that selecting and planting appropriate plant species can compensate for the adverse effects of line constructions in karst mountain regions.
Large-scale transportation infrastructure construction in ecologically vulnerable areas such as the karst region of Southwest China requires estimation method for better project design. This research was carried out on a four-lane highway(the Guilin-Guiyang highway, G76) and a two-lane highspeed railway(the Guilin-Guiyang high-speed railway,GGHSR) in karst areas in Guizhou and Guangxi provinces. The highway and high-speed railway were constructed in the 2010 s and covered by Landsat images whose multispectral information could be used for research purposes. In this study, the severity of the impact and the CO_2 emissions from the G76 and GGHSR construction were evaluated. Landsat images and field meteorological measurements were applied to calculate the surface functional parameters(surface temperature and surface wetness) and heat fluxes(latent, sensible and ground heat flux) before and during the highway and high-speed railway construction; the amount of CO_2 emissions during the G76 and GGHSR construction were determined by using budget sheets, which record the detail consumptions of materials and energy. The results showed that the decrease of water evaporation from the highway and high-speed railway construction can reach up to 26.4 m~3 and 20.1 m~3 per kilometer, which corresponds to an average decrease in the vegetation cooling effect of 18.0 MWh per day per highway kilometer and 13.7 MWh per day per high-speed railway kilometer, respectively. At the meantime, the average CO_2 emission densities from the G76 and GGHSR construction can reach up to 24813.7 and 36921.1 t/km, respectively. This study implied that extensive line constructions have a significant impact on the local climate and the energy balance, and it is evident that selecting and planting appropriate plant species can compensate for the adverse effects of line constructions in karst mountain regions.
Large-scale transportation infrastructure construction in ecologically vulnerable areas such as the karst region of Southwest China requires estimation method for better project design. This research was carried out on a four-lane highway(the Guilin-Guiyang highway, G76) and a two-lane highspeed railway(the Guilin-Guiyang high-speed railway,GGHSR) in karst areas in Guizhou and Guangxi provinces. The highway and high-speed railway were constructed in the 2010 s and covered by Landsat images whose multispectral information could be used for research purposes. In this study, the severity of the impact and the CO_2 emissions from the G76 and GGHSR construction were evaluated. Landsat images and field meteorological measurements were applied to calculate the surface functional parameters(surface temperature and surface wetness) and heat fluxes(latent, sensible and ground heat flux) before and during the highway and high-speed railway construction; the amount of CO_2 emissions during the G76 and GGHSR construction were determined by using budget sheets, which record the detail consumptions of materials and energy. The results showed that the decrease of water evaporation from the highway and high-speed railway construction can reach up to 26.4 m~3 and 20.1 m~3 per kilometer, which corresponds to an average decrease in the vegetation cooling effect of 18.0 MWh per day per highway kilometer and 13.7 MWh per day per high-speed railway kilometer, respectively. At the meantime, the average CO_2 emission densities from the G76 and GGHSR construction can reach up to 24813.7 and 36921.1 t/km, respectively. This study implied that extensive line constructions have a significant impact on the local climate and the energy balance, and it is evident that selecting and planting appropriate plant species can compensate for the adverse effects of line constructions in karst mountain regions.
引文
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Hu F(2016)Study on the management and nurtutre of greening belt in expressway-with the residential district of Baomao Expressway Xizha Section.Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University.(In Chinese)
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Jin S,Sader SA(2005)Comparison of time series tasseled cap wetness and the normalized difference moisture index in detecting forest disturbances.Remote Sensing of Environment94(3):364-372.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.10.012
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Lang Y,Song W,Deng X(2018)Projected land use changes impacts on water yields in the karst mountain areas of China.Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 104:66-75.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2017.11.001
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M?kinen H,N?jd P,Mielik?inen K(2001)Climatic signal in annual growth variation in damaged and healthy stands of Norway spruce[Picea abies(L.)Karst.]in southern Finland.Trees 15(3):177-185.https://doi.org/10.1007/s004680100089
Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China(2018)http://www.mot.gov.cn/tongjishuju/gonglu/
Moore TLC,Hunt WF(2012)Ecosystem service provision by storm water wetlands and ponds-A means for evaluation?Water Research 46(20):6811-6823.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.026
Nedbal V,Brom J(2018)Impact of highway construction on land surface energy balance and local climate derived from LANDSATsatellite data.Science of the Total Environ 633:658-667.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.220
Oliveira BS,Moraes EC,Carrasco-Benavides M,et al.(2018)Improved Albedo Estimates Implemented in the METRIC Model for Modeling Energy Balance Fluxes and Evapotranspiration over Agricultural and Natural Areas in the Brazilian Cerrado.Remote Sensing 10(8):1181.https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10081181
Pritchard JA,Preston J(2018)Understanding the contribution of tunnels to the overall energy consumption of and carbon emissions from a railway.Transportation Research Part D:Transport and Environment 65:551-563.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2018.09.010
Qin Z,Zhang M,Arnon K,et al.(2001)Mono-window algorithm for retrieving land surface temperature from Landsat TM6 data.Acta Geographica Sinica 56(4):456-466.https://doi.org/10.1142/S0252959901000401
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Brom J,Nedbal V,Procházka J,et al.(2012)Changes in vegetation cover,moisture properties and surface temperature of a brown coal dump from 1984 to 2009 using satellite data analysis.Ecological Engineering 43:45-52.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.001
Chander G,Markham BL,Helder DL(2009)Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS,TM,ETM+,and EO-1 ALI sensors.Remote Sensing of Environment 113(5):893-903.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.007
Chang B,Kendall A(2011)Life cycle greenhouse gas assessment of infrastructure construction for California's high-speed rail system.Transportation Research Part D:Transport and Environment(16):429-434.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2011.04.004
Chen J,Wang X,Wang X,et al.(2016)Calculation of carbon dioxide emissions in the life cycle of high-speed railway.Journal of the China Railway Society 38(12):47-55.https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2013.05.21
Chester M,Horvath A(2010)Life-cycle assessment of high-speed rail:the case of California.Environmental Research Letters136(5):123-129.https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/014003
Cohen-Fernández AC,Naeth MA(2013)Erosion control blankets,organic amendments and site variability influenced the initial plant community at a limestone quarry in the Canadian Rocky Mountains.Biogeosciences 10:5243-5253.https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5243-2013
Da Silva,AM.,Braga AC,Alves SH(2010)Roadside vegetation:estimation and potential for carbon sequestration.i ForestBiogeosciences and Forestry 3(5):124-129.https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor0550-003
Estoque RC,Murayama Y(2015)Classification and change detection of built-up lands from Landsat-7 ETM+and Landsat-8OLI/TIRS imageries:A comparative assessment of various spectral indices.Ecological Indicators 56:205-217.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.03.037
Fancy SG,Gross JE,Carter SL(2009)Monitoring the condition of natural resources in US national parks.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 151(1-4):161-74.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0257-y
Feyisa GL,Meilby H,Fensholt R,et al.(2014)Automated Water Extraction Index:A new technique for surface water mapping using Landsat imagery.Remote Sensing of Environment 140:23-35.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.029
Fu D,Bu B,Wu J,et al.(2018)Investigation on the carbon sequestration capacity of vegetation along a heavy traffic load expressway.Journal of Environmental Management.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.098
Gao B(1996)NDWI-A normalized difference water index for remote sensing of vegetation liquid water from space.Remote Sensing of Environment 58(3):257-266.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00067-3
Grecchi RC,Gwyn QHJ,BéniéGB,et al.(2014)Land use and land cover changes in the Brazilian Cerrado:a multidisciplinary approach to assess the impacts of agricultural expansion.Applied Geography 55:300-312.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.09.014
Grimm NB,Faeth SH,Golubiewski NE,et al.(2008)Global Change and the Ecology of Cities.Science 319(5864):756-760.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1150195
Gu X,Yuan S,Shi L,et al.(2010)The elaborate spatial distribution of global solar radiation over complex terrains in Guizhou plateau.Journal of Mountain Science 28(1):96-102.(In Chinese)https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1008-2786.2010.01.012
He Y(2013)Research on green design in southwest mountain highway.Chongqing Jiaotong University.
Henttonen HM,M?kinen H,Heiskanen J,et al.(2014)Response of radial increment variation of Scots pine to temperature,precipitation and soil water content along a latitudinal gradient across Finland and Estonia.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology198-199:294-308.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.09.004
HesslerováP,PokornyJ(2010)Forest clearing,water loss,and land surface heating as development costs.International Journal of Water 5(4):401-418.https://doi.org/10.1504/ijw.2010.038732
HesslerováP,ChmelováI,PokornyJ,et al.(2012)Surface temperature and hydrochemistry as indicators of land cover functions.Ecological Engineering 49:146-152.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.08.029
Hu F(2016)Study on the management and nurtutre of greening belt in expressway-with the residential district of Baomao Expressway Xizha Section.Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University.(In Chinese)
Jaeger JAG,Schwarzvon RHG,Esswein H,et al.(2007)Time series of landscape fragmentation caused by transportation infrastructure and urban development:a case study from BadenWürttemberg,Germany.Ecology and Society 12(1):181-194.https://doi.org/10.0000/PMID22
Jiang Z,Lian Y,Qin X(2014)Rocky desertification in Southwest China:Impacts,causes,and restoration.Earth-Science Reviews132:1-12.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.01.005
Jin S,Sader SA(2005)Comparison of time series tasseled cap wetness and the normalized difference moisture index in detecting forest disturbances.Remote Sensing of Environment94(3):364-372.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.10.012
Kova?i?G,Ravbar N(2013)Analysis of human induced changes in a karst landscape-the filling of dolines in the Kras plateau,Slovenia.Science of the Total Environment 447:143-151.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.002
Lang Y,Song W,Deng X(2018)Projected land use changes impacts on water yields in the karst mountain areas of China.Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 104:66-75.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2017.11.001
Lei K,Pan H,Lin C(2016)A landscape approach towards ecological restoration and sustainable development of mining areas.Ecological Engineering 90:320-325.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.01.080
Liu CQ(2009)Biogeochemical Processes and Cycling of Nutrients in the Earth's Surface:Cycling of Nutrients in Soil-plant Systems of Karstic Environments,Southwest China.Science Press,Beijing
Liu Y,Wang Y,Li D(2017)Estimation and uncertainty analysis on carbon dioxide emissions from construction phase of real highway projects in China.Journal of Cleaner Production 144:337-346.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.015
Loarie SR,Lobell DB,Asner GP,et al.(2009)Direct impacts on local climate of sugar-cane expansion in Brazil.Nature Climate Change 1(2):105-109.https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1067
M?kinen H,N?jd P,Mielik?inen K(2001)Climatic signal in annual growth variation in damaged and healthy stands of Norway spruce[Picea abies(L.)Karst.]in southern Finland.Trees 15(3):177-185.https://doi.org/10.1007/s004680100089
Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China(2018)http://www.mot.gov.cn/tongjishuju/gonglu/
Moore TLC,Hunt WF(2012)Ecosystem service provision by storm water wetlands and ponds-A means for evaluation?Water Research 46(20):6811-6823.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.026
Nedbal V,Brom J(2018)Impact of highway construction on land surface energy balance and local climate derived from LANDSATsatellite data.Science of the Total Environ 633:658-667.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.220
Oliveira BS,Moraes EC,Carrasco-Benavides M,et al.(2018)Improved Albedo Estimates Implemented in the METRIC Model for Modeling Energy Balance Fluxes and Evapotranspiration over Agricultural and Natural Areas in the Brazilian Cerrado.Remote Sensing 10(8):1181.https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10081181
Pritchard JA,Preston J(2018)Understanding the contribution of tunnels to the overall energy consumption of and carbon emissions from a railway.Transportation Research Part D:Transport and Environment 65:551-563.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2018.09.010
Qin Z,Zhang M,Arnon K,et al.(2001)Mono-window algorithm for retrieving land surface temperature from Landsat TM6 data.Acta Geographica Sinica 56(4):456-466.https://doi.org/10.1142/S0252959901000401
Ramamurthy P,Sangobanwo M(2016)Inter-annual variability in urban heat island intensity over 10 major cities in the United States.Sustainable Cities and Society 26:65-75.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2016.05.012
Rouse JW,Haas RH,Schell JA,et al.(1973)Monitoring Vegetation Systems in the Great Plains with ERTS,Third ERTS Symposium.NASA Special Publication 351,309.
Schneider K,Mauser W(1996)Processing and accuracy of Landsat Thematic Mapper data for lake surface temperature measurement.International Journal of Remote Sensing 17(11):2027-2041.https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169608948757
Shao Q,Gu W,Dai QY,et al.(2014)Effectiveness of geotextile mulches for slope restoration in semi-arid northern China.Catena 116(5):1-9.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2013.12.006
Silva BB,Wilcox BP,Silva VPR,et al.(2015)Changes to the energy budget and evapotranspiration following conversion of tropical savannas to agricultural lands in S?o Paulo State,Brazil.Ecohydrology 8(7):1272-1283.https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1580
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