汉唐宋时期中医药典籍中制剂发展探索
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摘要
对汉、唐、宋3个朝代中药药剂学的文献记载进行对比、分析,总结中药药剂的剂型、制剂工艺和服药理论的历史发展。选择汉代、唐代、宋代的3部经典医药著作《伤寒论》《备急千金要方》《太平惠民和剂局方》为研究对象,采用内容分析法、比较分析法、案例分析法进行研究,探索中成药剂型、辅料、制剂工艺、服药理论的历史发展过程。对比后发现随着历史的发展,中成药剂型种类、亚类不断丰富,固体类剂型逐渐增多;从制剂角度而言,所用辅料的种类也在不断的丰富,制剂工艺过程控制也愈加精准;同时,服药理论也随着中医学的发展而不断完善。中药制药技术、理论在汉、唐、宋3个朝代有了长足的发展,虽然时隔千年,但仍有不少经验值得现代制剂借鉴与参考。
This paper compared and analyzed the relevant records of Chinese medicine pharmacy in the Han,Tang and Song dynasties,and summarized the changes of the dosage forms,preparation techniques and administration methods of Chinese medicine with the development of history. In this study,three classic medical works in the Han,Tang and Song dynasties,including Treatise on Febrile Diseases Caused by Cold,Valuable Prescriptions for Emergency and Formularies of the Bureau of People's Welfare Pharmacies, were taken as the research objects, and the development of the dosage forms, auxiliary materials, preparation technology and medication theory were summarized and explored by the ways of content analysis,comparative analysis and case analysis. The comparison showed that in the development process,the dosage forms gradually increased,but the liquid dosage forms gradually decreased,the solid dosage forms gradually increased. Not only the dosage forms varied in the number,types of excipients used more and more,but the level of preparation had been constantly improved while the methods of taking became more detailed. This evolution of dosage forms and pharmaceutical technologies in Chinese history is worth learning and thinking about it. Through exploring the traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) technologies and theories in the Han, Tang and Song dynasties, we can contribute to the inheritance of traditional preparations and it can provide the basis for the development of modern preparations with TCM characteristics.
This paper compared and analyzed the relevant records of Chinese medicine pharmacy in the Han,Tang and Song dynasties,and summarized the changes of the dosage forms,preparation techniques and administration methods of Chinese medicine with the development of history. In this study,three classic medical works in the Han,Tang and Song dynasties,including Treatise on Febrile Diseases Caused by Cold,Valuable Prescriptions for Emergency and Formularies of the Bureau of People's Welfare Pharmacies, were taken as the research objects, and the development of the dosage forms, auxiliary materials, preparation technology and medication theory were summarized and explored by the ways of content analysis,comparative analysis and case analysis. The comparison showed that in the development process,the dosage forms gradually increased,but the liquid dosage forms gradually decreased,the solid dosage forms gradually increased. Not only the dosage forms varied in the number,types of excipients used more and more,but the level of preparation had been constantly improved while the methods of taking became more detailed. This evolution of dosage forms and pharmaceutical technologies in Chinese history is worth learning and thinking about it. Through exploring the traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) technologies and theories in the Han, Tang and Song dynasties, we can contribute to the inheritance of traditional preparations and it can provide the basis for the development of modern preparations with TCM characteristics.
引文
[1]汉·张仲景.伤寒论[M].钱超尘,郝万山,校.北京:人民卫生出版社,2009.
[2]唐·孙思邈.备急千金要方[M].台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[3]张印生,韩学杰.孙思邈医学全书[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2015.
[4]宋.太平惠民和剂局方[M].台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[5]刘起华,文谨,陈弘东,等.从《伤寒论》煎煮法探讨经方剂量的合理使用[J].中医杂志,2016,57(13):1081-1085.
[6]杜茂波,刘淑芝.《伤寒论》制剂工艺初探[J].中医杂志,2015,56(24):2133-2136.
[7]许霞,朱建平.《备急千金要方》方剂剂型统计与分析[J].安徽中医学院学报,2010,29(1):5-8.
[8]陈馥馨.《备急千金要方》剂型学初探[J].陕西中医,1987(3):107-110.
[9]张洁,韩建伟.黑膏药剂型发明及应用年代探讨[J].湖北中医杂志,2008,30(7):56-57.
[10]董瑞媛,解静萍.中药制剂工艺研究的点滴体会[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,1999,5(1):60-61.
[11]熊优,王雅琪,胡彦君,等.论“药辅合一”的传统与现代应用研究[J].世界科学技术—中医药现代化,2016,18(10):1765-1770.
[2]唐·孙思邈.备急千金要方[M].台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[3]张印生,韩学杰.孙思邈医学全书[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2015.
[4]宋.太平惠民和剂局方[M].台北:商务印书馆,1986.
[5]刘起华,文谨,陈弘东,等.从《伤寒论》煎煮法探讨经方剂量的合理使用[J].中医杂志,2016,57(13):1081-1085.
[6]杜茂波,刘淑芝.《伤寒论》制剂工艺初探[J].中医杂志,2015,56(24):2133-2136.
[7]许霞,朱建平.《备急千金要方》方剂剂型统计与分析[J].安徽中医学院学报,2010,29(1):5-8.
[8]陈馥馨.《备急千金要方》剂型学初探[J].陕西中医,1987(3):107-110.
[9]张洁,韩建伟.黑膏药剂型发明及应用年代探讨[J].湖北中医杂志,2008,30(7):56-57.
[10]董瑞媛,解静萍.中药制剂工艺研究的点滴体会[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,1999,5(1):60-61.
[11]熊优,王雅琪,胡彦君,等.论“药辅合一”的传统与现代应用研究[J].世界科学技术—中医药现代化,2016,18(10):1765-1770.