论美国枪支自由的影响和枪支管控措施
|
摘要
随着枪支暴力犯罪的泛滥,美国对枪支禁绝还是枪支自由的争论日益白热化。美国枪支利益链条涉及到众多复杂的因素,包括商业经济、文化历史、民主权利、公共安全等方面。美国民众既应警惕枪支的极端自由和安全危害,也应正确认识到拥枪自由所带来的经济、文化等效益。如何在维护民众权利的同时降低暴力犯罪率是一个具有长期性与复杂性的社会难题,但解决这个问题的大方向必然是合理合法地管控枪支而不是完全禁枪。
With the deluge of gun violence,the debate over whether the United States should ban or free guns has become increasingly heated. The chain of gun interests in the United States involves many complicated factors,including business,economy,culture,history,democratic rights,public security and so on. The American public should be vigilant against extreme freedom and safety hazard of guns. They should also recognize the economic and cultural benefits of gun freedom. How to reduce the rate of violent crime while maintaining the rights of citizens is a long-term and complex problem,but the big direction to solve this problem is to reasonably and legitimately control guns rather than completely prohibit guns.
With the deluge of gun violence,the debate over whether the United States should ban or free guns has become increasingly heated. The chain of gun interests in the United States involves many complicated factors,including business,economy,culture,history,democratic rights,public security and so on. The American public should be vigilant against extreme freedom and safety hazard of guns. They should also recognize the economic and cultural benefits of gun freedom. How to reduce the rate of violent crime while maintaining the rights of citizens is a long-term and complex problem,but the big direction to solve this problem is to reasonably and legitimately control guns rather than completely prohibit guns.
引文
[1]张业亮.美国枪支情结探秘[J].世界知识,2015(14):61-63.
[2]刘卫井.关于美国枪支问题的历史考察[J].世界历史,2001(02):42-49.
[3]王十禾.这里的枪声太刺耳——美国“百万母亲大游行”透视[J].社会,2000,20(09):41-43.
[4]任东来,汪振春.持枪权与美国宪法第二修正案的解释和吸纳[J].南京大学学报(哲学·人文科学·社会科学版),2012,49(02):28-39.
[5]Antoon A.Leenaars,David Lester.Gender and the impact of gun control on suicide and homicide[J/OL].Archives of Suicide Research,1996,2(4):223-234[2018-03-01].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247507487_Gender_and_the_impact_of_gun_control_on_suicide_and_homicide.DOI:10.1080/J.ISSN.1381-1119.6082.59.004.
[6]Cristiano Oliveira, Giácomo Balbinotto Neto.Deterrence effects of gun laws in games with asymmetric skills and information[J]. Social Science Electronic Publishing,2012,11(3):435-452.
[7]Kangoh Lee.Federalism,guns,and jurisdictional gun policies[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,2015,52(3):141-153.
[8]Greg Ridgeway,Anthony A.Braga.Intervening in gunmarkets:an experiment to assess the impact of targeted gun-law messaging[J]. Journal of Experimental Criminology,2011,7(1):103-109.
[9]Adam F. Scales. Any Weapon to hand? An essay on gun regulation and the limits of insurance[J].Journal of Tort Law,2017,10(1):23-39.
(1)美国权利法案第二条原文A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state,the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.
[2]刘卫井.关于美国枪支问题的历史考察[J].世界历史,2001(02):42-49.
[3]王十禾.这里的枪声太刺耳——美国“百万母亲大游行”透视[J].社会,2000,20(09):41-43.
[4]任东来,汪振春.持枪权与美国宪法第二修正案的解释和吸纳[J].南京大学学报(哲学·人文科学·社会科学版),2012,49(02):28-39.
[5]Antoon A.Leenaars,David Lester.Gender and the impact of gun control on suicide and homicide[J/OL].Archives of Suicide Research,1996,2(4):223-234[2018-03-01].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247507487_Gender_and_the_impact_of_gun_control_on_suicide_and_homicide.DOI:10.1080/J.ISSN.1381-1119.6082.59.004.
[6]Cristiano Oliveira, Giácomo Balbinotto Neto.Deterrence effects of gun laws in games with asymmetric skills and information[J]. Social Science Electronic Publishing,2012,11(3):435-452.
[7]Kangoh Lee.Federalism,guns,and jurisdictional gun policies[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,2015,52(3):141-153.
[8]Greg Ridgeway,Anthony A.Braga.Intervening in gunmarkets:an experiment to assess the impact of targeted gun-law messaging[J]. Journal of Experimental Criminology,2011,7(1):103-109.
[9]Adam F. Scales. Any Weapon to hand? An essay on gun regulation and the limits of insurance[J].Journal of Tort Law,2017,10(1):23-39.
(1)美国权利法案第二条原文A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state,the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.