谷地森林景观质量评价关键因子的提取
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摘要
以亚热带地区典型的谷地森林景观作为研究对象,利用景观评价的SBE方法,结合因子提取方法,共提取了影响谷地森林美景度的7大关键因子,包括:近中远景灌木因子(S_1)、中远景乔木胸径与树高因子(S_2)、中远景绿量因子(S_3)、中远景草本高度因子(S_4)、近景乔草高度与盖度因子(S_5)、中远景乔木盖度因子(S_6)、景深因子(S_7)等。通过因子分析发现,因子总得分与谷地森林美景度呈抛物线趋势关系,谷地森林景观并非由某个单一因子控制,是不同景观因子相互影响、相互作用的结果。谷地森林美景度与景深因子和中远景乔木胸径与树高因子密切相关。调控谷地森林美景度的措施主要包括以下几个方面:①降低近景草本和灌木高度,提高草本盖度,控制近景乔木密度,尽量避免种植高大乔木。②中远景种植高大的乔木树种,中远景种植的乔木不能整齐划一、树种单调,要适当多样化,保证种植乔木树种在垂直空间上有高低起伏,在水平空间上有冠幅和胸径大小的变化,体现景观的层次感和空间感,达到森林美景度的提升。
The typical valley forest landscape in the subtropical region was taken as the research object. Using the SBE method of landscape assessment and the factor extraction method,seven key factors affecting the beauty of valley forest landscape were extracted including the factors of the shrubs in the close,middle and distant view of valley forest landscape(S_1),DBH and height of arbors in the middle and distant view(S_2),green quantity in the middle and distant view(S_3),herbs in the middle and distant view(S_4),height and coverage of arbors and herbs in the close view(S_5),coverage of arbors in the middle and distant view(S_6),and the factor of depth of field(S_7),etc. Through factor analysis,it is found that the total score of the factors has a parabolic trend relationship with the beauty of the valley forest landscape. The valley forest landscape is not controlled by a single factor. It is the result of mutual influence and interaction of different landscape factors. The beauty of the valley forest landscape and the factor of depth of field are closely related to the factor of DBH and height of arbors in the middle and distant view. Measures to control the beauty of valley forests landscape mainly include the following aspects:(1) Reducing the height of herbs and shrubs in the close view,increasing the coverage of herbs,appropriately reducing the height and density of shrubs and arbors in the close view,and controlling the density of arbors in the close view,as far as possible avoid planting tall arbors.(2) Planting midium-sized arbors species in the middle and distant view. Arbors planted in the middle and distant view should not be uniform,monotonous,but diversified to ensure that the planted arbors species have vertical fluctuations and fluctuations of the size of crown width and DBH at the horizontal dimension. The change reflects the sense of depth and space of the landscape,and enhances the beauty of the forest landscape.
The typical valley forest landscape in the subtropical region was taken as the research object. Using the SBE method of landscape assessment and the factor extraction method,seven key factors affecting the beauty of valley forest landscape were extracted including the factors of the shrubs in the close,middle and distant view of valley forest landscape(S_1),DBH and height of arbors in the middle and distant view(S_2),green quantity in the middle and distant view(S_3),herbs in the middle and distant view(S_4),height and coverage of arbors and herbs in the close view(S_5),coverage of arbors in the middle and distant view(S_6),and the factor of depth of field(S_7),etc. Through factor analysis,it is found that the total score of the factors has a parabolic trend relationship with the beauty of the valley forest landscape. The valley forest landscape is not controlled by a single factor. It is the result of mutual influence and interaction of different landscape factors. The beauty of the valley forest landscape and the factor of depth of field are closely related to the factor of DBH and height of arbors in the middle and distant view. Measures to control the beauty of valley forests landscape mainly include the following aspects:(1) Reducing the height of herbs and shrubs in the close view,increasing the coverage of herbs,appropriately reducing the height and density of shrubs and arbors in the close view,and controlling the density of arbors in the close view,as far as possible avoid planting tall arbors.(2) Planting midium-sized arbors species in the middle and distant view. Arbors planted in the middle and distant view should not be uniform,monotonous,but diversified to ensure that the planted arbors species have vertical fluctuations and fluctuations of the size of crown width and DBH at the horizontal dimension. The change reflects the sense of depth and space of the landscape,and enhances the beauty of the forest landscape.
引文
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[18] 徐珍珍,张秀卿,贾娜,等.浙江中部城市周边生态游憩林美学质量评价:以富阳小乌坑林场为例[J].中国城市林业,2016,14(2):43-52.
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[20] MORGAN R. Some factors affecting coastal landscape aesthetic quality assessment[J]. Landscape Research,1999,24(2):167-185.
[21] GREGORY K H, DAVISR J. The perception of riverscape aesthetics: an example from two hampshire rivers[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,1993,39(3):171-185.
[22] 杨会娟,于泊,车晓雨,等.塞罕坝机械林场林内景观质量评价研究[J].林业资源管理,2016(3):98-103,111.
[23] 梁爽,张洁,戚继忠,等.次生林为主的自然风景林林内景观质量评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(6):119-124.
[24] 章志都,徐程扬,龚岚,等.基于SBE法的北京市郊野公园绿地结构质量评价技术[J].林业科学,2011,47(8):98-104.
[25] DENG S Q, YIN N, GUAN Q W, et al. Dynamic response of the scenic beauty value of different forests to various thinning intensities in central eastern China[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2014,110(11):7413-7429.
[26] DENG S Q, YAN J F, GUAN Q W, et al. Short-term effects of thinning intensity on scenic beauty values of different stands[J]. Journal of Forest Research,2013,24(3):209-219.
[2] 陈鑫峰,王雁.森林美剖析:主论森林植物的形式美[J].林业科学,2001,37(2):122-130.
[3] 孙凤云,李俊英,史萌,等.城市公园林缘景观美学质量评价[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2010,41(6):736-739.
[4] 刘赛赛,汤晓敏.上海高校新校区水景美景度研究[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2014,48(1):28-35.
[5] 董冬,周志翔,何云核,等.安徽省九华山风景区古树群落景观美学评价[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(8):1786-1792.
[6] 毛炯玮,朱飞捷,车生泉.城市自然遗留地景观美学评价的方法研究:心理物理学方法的理论与应用[J].中国园林,2010,26(3):51-54.
[7] 胡欣欣,胡宗庆,张惠光.福建省茫荡山自然保护区森林景观评价[J].林业经济问题,2006,26(1):39-43.
[8] 朱颖,冯育青,苏群,等.水网地区湿地公园景观评价研究:以苏州太湖国家湿地公园为例[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(3):304-308.
[9] 唐丽红,马明睿,韩华,等.上海市景观水体水生植物现状及配置评价[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(3):563-570.
[10] 欧阳勋志.婆源县森林景观美学评价及其对生态旅游影响的研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2004.
[11] 胡欣欣,胡宗庆,张惠光.福建省茫荡山自然保护区森林景观评价[J].林业经济问题,2006,26(1):39-43.
[12] 翁殊斐,朱锦心,苏志尧,等.岭南地区滨水绿地植物景观质量评价[J].林业科学,2017,53(1):20-27.
[13] 陈勇,孙冰,廖绍波,等.深圳市城市森林林内景观的美景度评价[J].林业科学,2014,50(8):39-45.
[14] 周春玲,张启翔,孙迎坤.居住区绿地的美景度评价[J].中国园林,2006,22(4):62-67.
[15] 李俊英,闰红伟,唐强,等.沈阳森林植物群落结构与其林内景观美学质量关系研究[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(2):212-219.
[16] 王娜,钟永德,黎森.基于SBE法的城郊森林公园森林林内景观美学质量评价[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):308-314.
[17] 史久西,董建文,章志都,等.乡村绿地景观美学质量评价研究[J].中国城市林业,2013,11(3):5-8.
[18] 徐珍珍,张秀卿,贾娜,等.浙江中部城市周边生态游憩林美学质量评价:以富阳小乌坑林场为例[J].中国城市林业,2016,14(2):43-52.
[19] 格日勒图,郭连生,田有亮.武川县农业生态经济类型区划分的研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报:自然科学版,2002,23(4):37-47.
[20] MORGAN R. Some factors affecting coastal landscape aesthetic quality assessment[J]. Landscape Research,1999,24(2):167-185.
[21] GREGORY K H, DAVISR J. The perception of riverscape aesthetics: an example from two hampshire rivers[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,1993,39(3):171-185.
[22] 杨会娟,于泊,车晓雨,等.塞罕坝机械林场林内景观质量评价研究[J].林业资源管理,2016(3):98-103,111.
[23] 梁爽,张洁,戚继忠,等.次生林为主的自然风景林林内景观质量评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(6):119-124.
[24] 章志都,徐程扬,龚岚,等.基于SBE法的北京市郊野公园绿地结构质量评价技术[J].林业科学,2011,47(8):98-104.
[25] DENG S Q, YIN N, GUAN Q W, et al. Dynamic response of the scenic beauty value of different forests to various thinning intensities in central eastern China[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2014,110(11):7413-7429.
[26] DENG S Q, YAN J F, GUAN Q W, et al. Short-term effects of thinning intensity on scenic beauty values of different stands[J]. Journal of Forest Research,2013,24(3):209-219.