玉米间作马铃薯及起垄的水土保持效应
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摘要
【目的】探讨间作体系下地表特性(如地表糙度)对土壤侵蚀的影响。【方法】结合野外和人工模拟降雨试验,观测了种植方式(单作玉米,单作马铃薯和玉米马铃薯间作)和耕作(起垄和无垄)方式下的径流和侵蚀量特征。【结果】大田条件下起垄和种植方式具有显著的交互效应(P <0. 01)。间作起垄的径流量显著低于间作无垄(P <0. 05)、玉米起垄(P <0. 01)和玉米无垄(P <0. 001)。侵蚀量的结果与径流量相一致,间作起垄的侵蚀量分别比间作无垄、玉米起垄和玉米无垄减少了82. 29%、52. 16%和30. 02%。模拟条件下间作高垄的径流量最低,40和80 mm/h降雨强度下间作高垄的径流量低于间作低垄、玉米高垄和玉米低垄。侵蚀量的变化与径流量相类似,7月初40 mm/h降雨强度下间作高垄、间作低垄、玉米高垄的侵蚀量分别比玉米低垄减少了39. 39%、45. 90%和67. 21%。【结论】间作条件下起垄控制土壤侵蚀效果最好,这对于区域土壤侵蚀的防治具有重要的指导意义。
【Objective】The present paper was conducted to explore soil surface characteristics(surface roughness) on soil erosion in maize and potato intercropping system. 【Method】the effectiveness of maize monocropping(MC),potato monocropping(PC) and maize-potato intercropping(IC) under different surface soil conditions,no ridging(NR) and high ridging(HR) were compared in the field and simulation experiments under different rainfall conditions.【Result】In the field experiment,there was a significant positive effect on runoff when intercropping was combined with ridging. Furthermore,intercropping could facilitate the role of ridging and control soil erosion. The runoff in intercropping with high ridging(IC + HR),was significant lower than that in maize monocropping with no ridging(MC + NR)(P < 0. 05),intercropping with no ridging(IC + NR)(P < 0. 01),and maize monocropping with high ridging(MC + HR)(P < 0. 001). Similar results were observed for sediment yield. The erosion amount of IC + HR were 82. 29 %,52. 16 % and 30. 02 % lower than that of IC + NR,MC+ HR,and MC + NR,respectively. In the simulation experiment,the lowest runoff in intercropping with high ridging(IC + HR) was observed with the rainfall intensity of 40 mm/h and 80 mm/h,and was lower than that in intercropping with low ridging(IC + LR),maize monocropping with high ridging(MC + HR),and maize monocropping with low ridging(MC + LR). The erosion amount of IC + HR was39. 39 %,45. 90 % and 67. 21 % lower than that of IC + LR,MC + HR,and MC + LR,respectively.【Conclusion】Intercropping with ridging was an important practice to control soil erosion,and should be implemented for the sustainable agricultural development in hilly regions.
【Objective】The present paper was conducted to explore soil surface characteristics(surface roughness) on soil erosion in maize and potato intercropping system. 【Method】the effectiveness of maize monocropping(MC),potato monocropping(PC) and maize-potato intercropping(IC) under different surface soil conditions,no ridging(NR) and high ridging(HR) were compared in the field and simulation experiments under different rainfall conditions.【Result】In the field experiment,there was a significant positive effect on runoff when intercropping was combined with ridging. Furthermore,intercropping could facilitate the role of ridging and control soil erosion. The runoff in intercropping with high ridging(IC + HR),was significant lower than that in maize monocropping with no ridging(MC + NR)(P < 0. 05),intercropping with no ridging(IC + NR)(P < 0. 01),and maize monocropping with high ridging(MC + HR)(P < 0. 001). Similar results were observed for sediment yield. The erosion amount of IC + HR were 82. 29 %,52. 16 % and 30. 02 % lower than that of IC + NR,MC+ HR,and MC + NR,respectively. In the simulation experiment,the lowest runoff in intercropping with high ridging(IC + HR) was observed with the rainfall intensity of 40 mm/h and 80 mm/h,and was lower than that in intercropping with low ridging(IC + LR),maize monocropping with high ridging(MC + HR),and maize monocropping with low ridging(MC + LR). The erosion amount of IC + HR was39. 39 %,45. 90 % and 67. 21 % lower than that of IC + LR,MC + HR,and MC + LR,respectively.【Conclusion】Intercropping with ridging was an important practice to control soil erosion,and should be implemented for the sustainable agricultural development in hilly regions.
引文
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[15]Guzha A C. Effects of tillage on soil microrelief,surface depression storage and soil water storage[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2004,76(2):105-114.
[16]Zheng Z,He S,Wu F. Changes of soil surface roughness under water erosion process[J]. Hydrological Processes,2014,28(12):3919-3929.
[17]Darboux F,Gascuel-Odoux C,Davy P. Effects of surface water storage by soil roughness on overland-flow generation[J]. Earth Surface Processes&Landforms,2002,27(3):223-233.
[18]Peng W,Zhang Z,Zhang K. Hydrodynamic characteristics of rill flow on steep slopes[J]. Hydrological Processes,2015,29(17):3677-3686.
[19]Kagabo D M,Stroosnijder L,Visser S M,et al. Soil erosion,soil fertility and crop yield on slow-forming terraces in the highlands of Buberuka,Rwanda[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2013,128(0):23-29.
[20]Wei W,Chen L,Fu B,et al. The effect of land uses and rainfall regimes on runoff and soil erosion in the semi-arid loess hilly area,China[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2007,335(3-4):247-258.
[2]Montgomery D R. Soil erosion and agricultural sustainability[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2007,104(33):13268-13272.
[3]Brooker R W,Bennett A E,Cong W F,et al. Improving intercropping:A synthesis of research in agronomy,plant physiology and ecology[J]. New Phytologist,2015,206(1):107-117.
[4]Laloy E,Bielders C L. Modelling intercrop management impact on runoff and erosion in a continuous maize cropping system:Part I.Model description,global sensitivity analysis and Bayesian estimation of parameter identifiability[J]. European Journal of Soil Science,2009,60(6):1005-1021.
[5]Ali I,Khan F,Bhatti A U. Soil and nutrient losses by water erosion under mono-cropping and legume intercropping on sloping land[J].Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research,2007,20(3-4):161-166.
[6]Wang Z,Bao X,Li X,et al. Intercropping maintains soil fertility in terms of chemical properties and enzyme activities on a timescale of one decade[J]. Plant and Soil,2015,391(1-2):265-282.
[7]Kateb H E,Zhang H,Zhang P,et al. Soil erosion and surface runoff on different vegetation covers and slope gradients:A field experiment in southern Shaanxi Province,China[J]. Catena,2013,105:1-10.
[8]Zhou Z C,Shangguan Z P. The effects of ryegrass roots and shoots on loess erosion under simulated rainfall[J]. Catena,2007,70(3):350-355.
[9]Henry A,Kleinman P J A,Lynch J P. Phosphorus runoff from a phosphorus deficient soil under common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)and soybean(Glycine max L.)genotypes with contrasting root architecture[J]. Plant and Soil,2009,317(1-2):1-16.
[10]张志兰,范志伟,王永刚,等.玉米马铃薯间作系统中玉米的恢复性生长[J].西南农业学报,2018(2):284-288.
[11]Gyssels G,Poesen J,Bochet E,et al. Impact of plant roots on the resistance of soils to erosion by water:a review[J]. Progress in Physical Geography,2005,29(2):189-217.
[12]吴发启,赵晓光,刘秉正,等.地表糙度的量测方法及对坡面径流和侵蚀的影响[J].西北林学院学报,1998(2):17-21.
[13]Bissonnais Y L,Cerdan O,Lecomte V,et al. Variability of soil surface characteristics influencing runoff and interrill erosion[J].Catena,2005,62(2-3):111-124.
[14]Darboux F,Davy P,Gascuel-Odoux C,et al. Evolution of soil surface roughness and flowpath connectivity in overland flow experiments[J]. Catena,2002,46(2-3):125-139.
[15]Guzha A C. Effects of tillage on soil microrelief,surface depression storage and soil water storage[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2004,76(2):105-114.
[16]Zheng Z,He S,Wu F. Changes of soil surface roughness under water erosion process[J]. Hydrological Processes,2014,28(12):3919-3929.
[17]Darboux F,Gascuel-Odoux C,Davy P. Effects of surface water storage by soil roughness on overland-flow generation[J]. Earth Surface Processes&Landforms,2002,27(3):223-233.
[18]Peng W,Zhang Z,Zhang K. Hydrodynamic characteristics of rill flow on steep slopes[J]. Hydrological Processes,2015,29(17):3677-3686.
[19]Kagabo D M,Stroosnijder L,Visser S M,et al. Soil erosion,soil fertility and crop yield on slow-forming terraces in the highlands of Buberuka,Rwanda[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2013,128(0):23-29.
[20]Wei W,Chen L,Fu B,et al. The effect of land uses and rainfall regimes on runoff and soil erosion in the semi-arid loess hilly area,China[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2007,335(3-4):247-258.