阿富汗—塔吉克盆地含油气系统特征与资源潜力
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摘要
阿富汗—塔吉克盆地是中亚地区常规油气具有良好勘探潜力的前陆叠合盆地之一。基于最新的数据资料,应用石油地质综合评价和含油气系统分析的方法,本文研究了阿富汗—塔吉克盆地的油气分布规律及主控因素,以成藏组合为评价单元,评估了油气待发现可采资源量,并探讨了油气资源潜力和未来勘探领域。研究表明,盆地发育2套主力含油气系统,分别为中下侏罗统—卡洛夫牛津阶含油气系统和始新统/下白垩统—古新统Bukhara含油气系统。区域上,盆地的油气主要分布于西南吉萨尔隆起和苏尔汉坳陷,盆地总体表现为"贫油富气"特征。其中,74.0%的天然气储量分布在西南吉萨尔隆起,71.5%的石油储量分布在苏尔汉坳陷,几乎所有凝析油都分布于西南吉萨尔隆起。层系上,油气在侏罗系、白垩系以及古近系分布,但集中分布于侏罗系。油气分布整体表现出"盐上构造圈闭富油,盐下地层圈闭聚气"的特征,有利生储盖组合和局部构造控制盐下层系油气分布,新生代构造运动等控制盐上层系油气分布和富集程度。资源评价结果表明,阿富汗—塔吉克盆地待发现可采石油、天然气和凝析油的资源量分别为202.74 MMbbl、8680.15 Bcf和126.65 MMbbl,合计油当量1776.09 MMboe,最具有勘探潜力的成藏组合为中上侏罗统卡洛夫—牛津阶成藏组合。
The Afghan-Tajik Basin is one of the most prospective superimposed foreland basins in Central Asia. Based on the updated data and using the method of comprehensive evaluation of geology and petroleum system analysis, the authors focused on the hydrocarbon distribution and the main controlling factors, evaluated the undiscovered recoverable resources, and discussed the potential of oil and gas resources and the future exploration areas. The results indicate that two petroleum systems are developed in Afghan-Tajik Basin, i.e., the Lower-Middle Jurassic-Callovian-Oxfordian petroleum system and Eocene/Lower CretaceousBukhara petroleum system. In this region, oil and gas are mainly distributed in the southwest Gissar uplift and the Surhandarya depression. The basin is characterized by the richness of gas and lack of oil, about 74.0% of the natural gas reserves are distributed in the southwest Gissar uplift, 71.5% of the oil reserves are distributed in the Surhandarya depression, and almost all condensate reserves are distributed in southwest Gissar uplift. Stratigraphically, the hydrocarbon is mainly stored in Jurassic strata, followed by Cretaceous and Paleogene units. In the basin, the gas is rich in sub-salt stratigraphic trap, and the oil is concentrated in post-salt structural trap, and the distribution is controlled by the favorable reservoir-cap assemblage, effective source rocks and the Cenozoic tectonic movement. Petroleum resources assessment shows that the amounts of undiscovered oil, gas and condensate resources are respectively 202.74 MMbbl, 8680.15 Bcf and 126.65 MMbbl, with an oil equivalent account of 1776.09 MMboe. The LowerMiddle Jurassic-Callovian-Oxfordian play is the most favorable exploration target.
The Afghan-Tajik Basin is one of the most prospective superimposed foreland basins in Central Asia. Based on the updated data and using the method of comprehensive evaluation of geology and petroleum system analysis, the authors focused on the hydrocarbon distribution and the main controlling factors, evaluated the undiscovered recoverable resources, and discussed the potential of oil and gas resources and the future exploration areas. The results indicate that two petroleum systems are developed in Afghan-Tajik Basin, i.e., the Lower-Middle Jurassic-Callovian-Oxfordian petroleum system and Eocene/Lower CretaceousBukhara petroleum system. In this region, oil and gas are mainly distributed in the southwest Gissar uplift and the Surhandarya depression. The basin is characterized by the richness of gas and lack of oil, about 74.0% of the natural gas reserves are distributed in the southwest Gissar uplift, 71.5% of the oil reserves are distributed in the Surhandarya depression, and almost all condensate reserves are distributed in southwest Gissar uplift. Stratigraphically, the hydrocarbon is mainly stored in Jurassic strata, followed by Cretaceous and Paleogene units. In the basin, the gas is rich in sub-salt stratigraphic trap, and the oil is concentrated in post-salt structural trap, and the distribution is controlled by the favorable reservoir-cap assemblage, effective source rocks and the Cenozoic tectonic movement. Petroleum resources assessment shows that the amounts of undiscovered oil, gas and condensate resources are respectively 202.74 MMbbl, 8680.15 Bcf and 126.65 MMbbl, with an oil equivalent account of 1776.09 MMboe. The LowerMiddle Jurassic-Callovian-Oxfordian play is the most favorable exploration target.
引文
An Zuoxiang,Hu Zhengyin.1993.Oil and gas zone of Central Asian[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,309-326(in Chinese).
Abitkazy Taskyn,LI Jianghai,LI Honglin.2014.Tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon potential of basins in Central Asia and its adjacent regions[J].Geoscience,28(3):573-584.
Bai Guoping,Deng Chao,Tao Chongzhi,Wang Dapeng,Liu Junlan,Zhong Mihong,Zou Jianhong.2013.Hydrocarbon distribution patterns and Controlling factors in North West Shelf,Australia[J].Geoscience,27(5):1225-1232(in Chinese with English abstract).
Bai Guoping,Yin Jinyin.2007.Distribution characteristics and accumulation model for oil and gas in Karakum Basin,Central Asia[J].Journal of Paleogeography,9(3):293-301(in Chinese with English abstract).
Burtman V S.2000.Cenozoic crustal shortening between the Pamir and Tien Shan and a reconstruction of the Pamir-Tien Shan transition zone for the cretaceous and Paleogene[J].Tectonophysics,319:69-92.
Chu Zesong,Yu Xinqi,Wang Zongxiu,Xikao Weifeng,Chen Zhengle,Han Shuqin,Yang Xinpeng.2016.A comparison of uplifting history between Tianshan Mountains in China and Kyrgyz:Insights from fission track chronology[J].Geology in China,43(4):1248-1257(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gao Jiji,Bai Guoping,Qin Yangzhen,Zhou Zhilong.2010.Monte Carlo simulation--A case study of Marib-Shabwa Basin in Yemen[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,32(3):305-308(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han Fengbin,Chen Zhengle,Han Shuqin,Wang Zongxiu,Zhang Kaixun,Xiao Weifeng,Nurgaz Takenov,Zailabidin Halilov,Li Chunlin,Yu Xinqi,Liu Xiu.2017.New understanding of uranium deposit genesis in Mayly-Szi region on the northern margin of Fergana Basin:Cenozoic large-scale hydrocarbon escape and uranium mineralization[J].Geology in China,44(4):810-811(in Chinese with English abstract).
He Dengfa,Tong Xiaoguang,Yang Fuzhong,Li Zhi,Ma Delong,Li Di.2016.Tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in central Asia Region[M].Beijing:Science Press:289-309(in Chinese).
Hou Ping,Tian Zuoji,Zheng Junzhang,Wang Zhaoming,Wu Yiping.2014.Evaluation of conventional hydrocarbon resources in sedimentary basins of Central Asia region[J].Earth Science Frontiers,21(03):56-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jia Chengzao,Yang Shufeng.2001.Tectonic Geology and Gas in Basins,Northern Margin of Tethys[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,39-49(in Chinese).
Karsten R,Kukowski N,Ratschbacher L.2011.The interaction of two indenters in analogue experiments and implications for curved fold-and-thrust belts[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,302:132-146.
Khain V E,Lu Jingwei,Li Dagen.1992.Tectonic and geodynamic background of oil and gas basins in the Soviet Union[J].Foreign Oil and Gas exploration,4(2):1-12.
Klett T R,Ulmishek G F,Wandrey C J,Agena W F,the U.S.Geological Survey-Afghanistan ministry of mines and industry Joint oil and gas resource assessment team.2006.Assessment of undiscovered technically recoverable conventional petroleum resources of Northern Afghanistan[J].Open File Report United States Geological Survey,06-1253,1-244.U.S.Geological Survey.
Simon C O.1997.Mesozoic-Cenozoic history of deformation and petroleum systems in sedimentary basins of Central Asia:implications of collisions on the Eurasian margin[J].Deformation and Petroleum System in Central Asia,3:327-341.
Tian Naxin,Yin Jinyin,Tao Chongzhi,Kong Fanjun.2017.Petroleum geology and resources assessment of major basins in Middle East and Central Asia[J].Oil&Gas Geology,38(03):582-591(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Dapeng,Bai Guoping,Lu Hongmei,Tao Chongzhi,Wang Yifan,Zhang Minghui,Wang Wenyong,Lu Xiaoxin,Gao Lin,Guo Dong.Analysis of petroleum systems and resources evaluation in the Zagros Foreland Basin[J].Geoscience,30(2):361-372(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Suhua,Qian Xianglin.2001.Cenozoic tectonics and oil-gas perspectives in Tadjik and Southwestern Tarim Depression[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,37(4):523-528.
Wang Zongxiu,Li Chunlin,Pak Nikolai,Ivleva Elena,Yu Xinqi,Zhou Gaozhi,Xiao Weifeng,Han Shuqin,Halilov Zailabidin,Takenov Nurgazy,Yan Xili.2017.Tectonic division and Paleozoic oceancontinent transition in Western Tianshan Orogen[J].Geology in China,44(4):623-641(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yin Jiquan,Jia Chengzao,Wang Chunsheng,Li Qiyan,Zhou Tianwei.2015.Petroleum geology characteristics and exploration potential in Afghan-Tajik Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,20(4):43-48(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yu Yixin,Yin Jinyin,Zheng Junzhang,Li Feng,Tao Chongzhi,Xu Xiaolong,Wu Hang.2015.Division and resources evaluation of hydrocarbon plays in the Amu Darya Basin,Central Asia[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,42(6):750-756(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu Yixiu,Liu Luofu.2007.Petroleum geology of south Tajikistan Basin in Central Asia[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,28(2):257-261(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu Weilin,Wang Zhixin,Li Jinbo,Wang Weihong.2016.Central AsiaCaspian Petroliferous Basin[M].Beijing:Science Press:1-411(in Chinese).
安作相,胡征钦.1993.中亚含油气区[M].北京:石油工业出版社,309-326.
白国平,邓超,陶崇智,王大鹏,刘君兰,仲米虹,邹建红.2013.澳大利亚西北陆架油气分布规律与主控因素研究[J].现代地质,27(5):1225-1232.
白国平,殷进垠.2007.中亚卡拉库姆盆地油气分布特征与成藏模式[J].古地理学报,9(03):293-301.
楚泽松,余心起,王宗秀,肖伟峰,陈正乐,韩淑琴,杨鑫朋.中吉天山隆升时代对比--裂变径迹年代学证据[J].中国地质,2016,43(4):1248-1257.
高济稷,白国平,秦养珍,周志龙.2010.蒙特卡洛模拟法在也门马里卜-夏布瓦盆地中的应用[J].石油实验地质,32(3):305-308.
韩凤彬,陈正乐,韩淑琴,王宗秀,张凯逊,肖伟峰,Nurgazy Takenov,Zailabidin Halilov,李春麟,余心起,刘秀.费尔干纳盆地北缘Mayly-Szi地区铀矿成因新认识:新生代大规模油气逸散与铀成矿[J].中国地质,2017,44(4):810-811.
何登发,童晓光,杨福忠,李智,马德龙,李涤.2016.中亚含油气区构造演化与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,289-309.
侯平,田作基,郑俊章,王兆明,吴义平.2014.中亚沉积盆地常规油气资源评价[J].地学前缘,21(3):56-62.
贾承造,杨树锋.2001.特提斯北缘盆地群构造地质与天然气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,39-49.
塔斯肯,李江海,李洪林,李维波,毛翔,王洪浩.2014.中亚与邻区盆地群构造演化及含油气性[J].现代地质,28(3):573-584.
田纳新,殷进垠,陶崇智,孔凡军.2017.中东-中亚地区重点盆地油气地质特征及资源评价[J].石油与天然气地质,38(3):582-591.
Khain V E,鲁金伟,李大艮.1 992.苏联含油气盆地的大地构造和地球动力学背景[J].国外油气勘探,4(2):1-12.
王素华,钱祥麟.2001.塔西南与塔吉克盆地新生代构造与油气聚集[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),37(4):523-528.
王大鹏,白国平,陆红梅,陶崇智,王一帆,张明辉,王文庸,卢小新,高琳,郭栋.2016.扎格罗斯盆地含油气系统分析与资源潜力评价[J].现代地质,30(2):361-372.
王宗秀,李春麟,Pak Nikolai,Ivleva Elena,余心起,周高,肖伟峰,韩淑琴,Halilov Zailabidin,Takenov Nurgazy,鄢犀利.2017.西天山造山带构造单元划分及古生代洋陆转换过程[J].中国地质,44(4):623-641.
尹继全,贾承造,王春生,李奇燕,周天伟.2015.阿富汗-塔吉克盆地油气地质特征及勘探方向[J].海相油气地质,20(04):43-48.
余一欣,殷进垠,郑俊章,李锋,陶崇智,徐小龙,吴航.2015.阿姆河盆地成藏组合划分与资源潜力评价[J].石油勘探与开发,42(6):750-756.
朱毅秀,刘洛夫.2007.南塔吉克盆地油气地质特征[J].新疆石油地质,28(2):257-261.
朱伟林,王志欣,李进波,王伟洪.2016.中亚-里海含油气盆地[M].北京:科学出版社,1-411.
Abitkazy Taskyn,LI Jianghai,LI Honglin.2014.Tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon potential of basins in Central Asia and its adjacent regions[J].Geoscience,28(3):573-584.
Bai Guoping,Deng Chao,Tao Chongzhi,Wang Dapeng,Liu Junlan,Zhong Mihong,Zou Jianhong.2013.Hydrocarbon distribution patterns and Controlling factors in North West Shelf,Australia[J].Geoscience,27(5):1225-1232(in Chinese with English abstract).
Bai Guoping,Yin Jinyin.2007.Distribution characteristics and accumulation model for oil and gas in Karakum Basin,Central Asia[J].Journal of Paleogeography,9(3):293-301(in Chinese with English abstract).
Burtman V S.2000.Cenozoic crustal shortening between the Pamir and Tien Shan and a reconstruction of the Pamir-Tien Shan transition zone for the cretaceous and Paleogene[J].Tectonophysics,319:69-92.
Chu Zesong,Yu Xinqi,Wang Zongxiu,Xikao Weifeng,Chen Zhengle,Han Shuqin,Yang Xinpeng.2016.A comparison of uplifting history between Tianshan Mountains in China and Kyrgyz:Insights from fission track chronology[J].Geology in China,43(4):1248-1257(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gao Jiji,Bai Guoping,Qin Yangzhen,Zhou Zhilong.2010.Monte Carlo simulation--A case study of Marib-Shabwa Basin in Yemen[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,32(3):305-308(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han Fengbin,Chen Zhengle,Han Shuqin,Wang Zongxiu,Zhang Kaixun,Xiao Weifeng,Nurgaz Takenov,Zailabidin Halilov,Li Chunlin,Yu Xinqi,Liu Xiu.2017.New understanding of uranium deposit genesis in Mayly-Szi region on the northern margin of Fergana Basin:Cenozoic large-scale hydrocarbon escape and uranium mineralization[J].Geology in China,44(4):810-811(in Chinese with English abstract).
He Dengfa,Tong Xiaoguang,Yang Fuzhong,Li Zhi,Ma Delong,Li Di.2016.Tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in central Asia Region[M].Beijing:Science Press:289-309(in Chinese).
Hou Ping,Tian Zuoji,Zheng Junzhang,Wang Zhaoming,Wu Yiping.2014.Evaluation of conventional hydrocarbon resources in sedimentary basins of Central Asia region[J].Earth Science Frontiers,21(03):56-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jia Chengzao,Yang Shufeng.2001.Tectonic Geology and Gas in Basins,Northern Margin of Tethys[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,39-49(in Chinese).
Karsten R,Kukowski N,Ratschbacher L.2011.The interaction of two indenters in analogue experiments and implications for curved fold-and-thrust belts[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,302:132-146.
Khain V E,Lu Jingwei,Li Dagen.1992.Tectonic and geodynamic background of oil and gas basins in the Soviet Union[J].Foreign Oil and Gas exploration,4(2):1-12.
Klett T R,Ulmishek G F,Wandrey C J,Agena W F,the U.S.Geological Survey-Afghanistan ministry of mines and industry Joint oil and gas resource assessment team.2006.Assessment of undiscovered technically recoverable conventional petroleum resources of Northern Afghanistan[J].Open File Report United States Geological Survey,06-1253,1-244.U.S.Geological Survey.
Simon C O.1997.Mesozoic-Cenozoic history of deformation and petroleum systems in sedimentary basins of Central Asia:implications of collisions on the Eurasian margin[J].Deformation and Petroleum System in Central Asia,3:327-341.
Tian Naxin,Yin Jinyin,Tao Chongzhi,Kong Fanjun.2017.Petroleum geology and resources assessment of major basins in Middle East and Central Asia[J].Oil&Gas Geology,38(03):582-591(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Dapeng,Bai Guoping,Lu Hongmei,Tao Chongzhi,Wang Yifan,Zhang Minghui,Wang Wenyong,Lu Xiaoxin,Gao Lin,Guo Dong.Analysis of petroleum systems and resources evaluation in the Zagros Foreland Basin[J].Geoscience,30(2):361-372(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Suhua,Qian Xianglin.2001.Cenozoic tectonics and oil-gas perspectives in Tadjik and Southwestern Tarim Depression[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,37(4):523-528.
Wang Zongxiu,Li Chunlin,Pak Nikolai,Ivleva Elena,Yu Xinqi,Zhou Gaozhi,Xiao Weifeng,Han Shuqin,Halilov Zailabidin,Takenov Nurgazy,Yan Xili.2017.Tectonic division and Paleozoic oceancontinent transition in Western Tianshan Orogen[J].Geology in China,44(4):623-641(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yin Jiquan,Jia Chengzao,Wang Chunsheng,Li Qiyan,Zhou Tianwei.2015.Petroleum geology characteristics and exploration potential in Afghan-Tajik Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,20(4):43-48(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yu Yixin,Yin Jinyin,Zheng Junzhang,Li Feng,Tao Chongzhi,Xu Xiaolong,Wu Hang.2015.Division and resources evaluation of hydrocarbon plays in the Amu Darya Basin,Central Asia[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,42(6):750-756(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu Yixiu,Liu Luofu.2007.Petroleum geology of south Tajikistan Basin in Central Asia[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,28(2):257-261(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu Weilin,Wang Zhixin,Li Jinbo,Wang Weihong.2016.Central AsiaCaspian Petroliferous Basin[M].Beijing:Science Press:1-411(in Chinese).
安作相,胡征钦.1993.中亚含油气区[M].北京:石油工业出版社,309-326.
白国平,邓超,陶崇智,王大鹏,刘君兰,仲米虹,邹建红.2013.澳大利亚西北陆架油气分布规律与主控因素研究[J].现代地质,27(5):1225-1232.
白国平,殷进垠.2007.中亚卡拉库姆盆地油气分布特征与成藏模式[J].古地理学报,9(03):293-301.
楚泽松,余心起,王宗秀,肖伟峰,陈正乐,韩淑琴,杨鑫朋.中吉天山隆升时代对比--裂变径迹年代学证据[J].中国地质,2016,43(4):1248-1257.
高济稷,白国平,秦养珍,周志龙.2010.蒙特卡洛模拟法在也门马里卜-夏布瓦盆地中的应用[J].石油实验地质,32(3):305-308.
韩凤彬,陈正乐,韩淑琴,王宗秀,张凯逊,肖伟峰,Nurgazy Takenov,Zailabidin Halilov,李春麟,余心起,刘秀.费尔干纳盆地北缘Mayly-Szi地区铀矿成因新认识:新生代大规模油气逸散与铀成矿[J].中国地质,2017,44(4):810-811.
何登发,童晓光,杨福忠,李智,马德龙,李涤.2016.中亚含油气区构造演化与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,289-309.
侯平,田作基,郑俊章,王兆明,吴义平.2014.中亚沉积盆地常规油气资源评价[J].地学前缘,21(3):56-62.
贾承造,杨树锋.2001.特提斯北缘盆地群构造地质与天然气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,39-49.
塔斯肯,李江海,李洪林,李维波,毛翔,王洪浩.2014.中亚与邻区盆地群构造演化及含油气性[J].现代地质,28(3):573-584.
田纳新,殷进垠,陶崇智,孔凡军.2017.中东-中亚地区重点盆地油气地质特征及资源评价[J].石油与天然气地质,38(3):582-591.
Khain V E,鲁金伟,李大艮.1 992.苏联含油气盆地的大地构造和地球动力学背景[J].国外油气勘探,4(2):1-12.
王素华,钱祥麟.2001.塔西南与塔吉克盆地新生代构造与油气聚集[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),37(4):523-528.
王大鹏,白国平,陆红梅,陶崇智,王一帆,张明辉,王文庸,卢小新,高琳,郭栋.2016.扎格罗斯盆地含油气系统分析与资源潜力评价[J].现代地质,30(2):361-372.
王宗秀,李春麟,Pak Nikolai,Ivleva Elena,余心起,周高,肖伟峰,韩淑琴,Halilov Zailabidin,Takenov Nurgazy,鄢犀利.2017.西天山造山带构造单元划分及古生代洋陆转换过程[J].中国地质,44(4):623-641.
尹继全,贾承造,王春生,李奇燕,周天伟.2015.阿富汗-塔吉克盆地油气地质特征及勘探方向[J].海相油气地质,20(04):43-48.
余一欣,殷进垠,郑俊章,李锋,陶崇智,徐小龙,吴航.2015.阿姆河盆地成藏组合划分与资源潜力评价[J].石油勘探与开发,42(6):750-756.
朱毅秀,刘洛夫.2007.南塔吉克盆地油气地质特征[J].新疆石油地质,28(2):257-261.
朱伟林,王志欣,李进波,王伟洪.2016.中亚-里海含油气盆地[M].北京:科学出版社,1-411.