燃料乙醇的发展现状分析及前景展望
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摘要
随着社会经济的高速发展,化石燃料不断消耗及其使用过程所带来的能源短缺、环境污染等问题日益凸显,寻找新的绿色可再生替代能源迫在眉睫。燃料乙醇作为资源丰富、积炭少、可减排温室气体及使用方便的优良燃油品质改善剂及清洁可再生能源,已成为国内外关注并推广使用的绿色燃料。主要对燃料乙醇生产技术的发展进行了综述,重点对燃料乙醇发展历程中各阶段乙醇生产的原料来源、工艺技术进行了论述,讨论了各代燃料乙醇生产过程中所遇到的瓶颈问题,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。目前,燃料乙醇的生产技术主要经历了三代发展,第一代以玉米等糖质和淀粉质粮食作物为原料的乙醇发酵已经实现商业化生产,虽然工艺成熟,但存在粮食安全问题;第二代以农作物秸秆等废弃植物纤维为原料的乙醇生产目前已具备产业化示范条件,其原料来源广泛,转化技术不断提高,最有发展前景;第三代以藻类等绿色植物为原料的燃料乙醇正处于研发阶段,是未来发展的希望。在燃料乙醇生产技术发展过程论述的基础上,讨论了目前其主要技术瓶颈及发展趋势,旨在为燃料乙醇生产的产业化、经济化及可持续化发展提供相关的理论依据。
With the rapid development of social economy,problems such as energy shortage and environmental pollutions from the continuous consumption of fossil fuels have been increasingly prominent,thus seeking new green renewable alternative energy sources is imminent. Fuel ethanol,as an excellent fuel quality improver and clean renewable energy with advantages of abundant resources,less carbon deposit and GHG emissions mitigation,has become a green fuel being concerned and widely used at home and abroad. In this paper,the development of fuel ethanol production technology is reviewed via focusing on the source of raw materials,production technologies and the bottlenecks in the production of fuel ethanol in different stages,and the development trend was prospected. At present,production technology for fuel ethanol has mainly undergone three generations of development. The first generation of ethanol fermentation using corn and other food crops rich in sugary and starchy as raw materials has been commercialized,however,this causes food safety issue although the processes are mature. The second generation of ethanol production,using waste plant fibers such as crop straw as raw materials,has already met the industrialization demonstration conditions,and it has the most development prospect with the advantages of broad raw materials and constantly improving transformation technologies. The third generation of fuel ethanol using algae as raw material is in the stage of research and development,and it is the hope for the future energy development. Based on the above discussion of fuel ethanol production,its main technical bottlenecks and development trends are summarized,aiming at providing relevant theoretical basis for the industrialization,economization and sustainable development of fuel ethanol production.
With the rapid development of social economy,problems such as energy shortage and environmental pollutions from the continuous consumption of fossil fuels have been increasingly prominent,thus seeking new green renewable alternative energy sources is imminent. Fuel ethanol,as an excellent fuel quality improver and clean renewable energy with advantages of abundant resources,less carbon deposit and GHG emissions mitigation,has become a green fuel being concerned and widely used at home and abroad. In this paper,the development of fuel ethanol production technology is reviewed via focusing on the source of raw materials,production technologies and the bottlenecks in the production of fuel ethanol in different stages,and the development trend was prospected. At present,production technology for fuel ethanol has mainly undergone three generations of development. The first generation of ethanol fermentation using corn and other food crops rich in sugary and starchy as raw materials has been commercialized,however,this causes food safety issue although the processes are mature. The second generation of ethanol production,using waste plant fibers such as crop straw as raw materials,has already met the industrialization demonstration conditions,and it has the most development prospect with the advantages of broad raw materials and constantly improving transformation technologies. The third generation of fuel ethanol using algae as raw material is in the stage of research and development,and it is the hope for the future energy development. Based on the above discussion of fuel ethanol production,its main technical bottlenecks and development trends are summarized,aiming at providing relevant theoretical basis for the industrialization,economization and sustainable development of fuel ethanol production.
引文
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[29]王鹏翔,廖莎,师文静,等.微藻生物质生产燃料乙醇技术进展[C].第二届全国微藻生物能源技术创新交流研讨会暨新产品、新工艺、新设备展示与合作对接会论文集.中国石油化工股份有限公司抚顺石油化工研究院,2015:21-29.
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[2]Vikash B,Ashish T,Girijesh KP.生物燃料生产[M].华炜,译.北京:中国石化出版社,2016.
[3]Zabed H,Sahu JN,Suely A,et al.Bioethanol production from renewable sources:Current perspectives and technological progress[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2017,71(5):475-501.
[4]Azadi H,Derudder B,Witlox F,et al.Bitter sweet:How sustainable is bio-ethanol production in Brazil?[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16(6):599-3606.
[5]Escobar JC,Lora ES,Venturini OJ,et al.Biofuels:Environment,technology and food security[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2009,13(6/7):1275-1287.
[6]Gomes MSDP,Muylaert MS.Bio-fuels production and the environmental indicators[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2009,13(8):2201-2204.
[7]Niven RK.Ethanol in gasoline:environmental impacts and sustainability review article[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2005,9(6):535-555.
[8]刘贺,朱家庆,纵秋瑾,等.生物质转化工程酿酒酵母的研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2017,33(1):93-98.
[9]Kabir MM,Niklasson C,Taherzadeh MJ,et al.Biogas production from lignocelluloses by N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide(NMMO)pretreatment:Effects of recovery and reuse of NMMO[J].Bioresour Technol,2014,161:446-450.
[10]Wyman CE,Dale BE,Elander RT,et al.Coordinated development of leading biomass pretreatment technologies[J].Bioresour Technol,2005,96(18):1959-1966.
[11]Curmi H,Chirat C,Salon MCB,et al.Effect of autohydrolysis on alkaline delignification of mixed hardwood chips and on lignin structure[J].Wood Research and Technology,2018,72(8):621-718.
[12]王璀璨,王义强,陈介南,等.木质纤维生产燃料乙醇工艺的研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2010(2):51-57.
[13]林贝,李健秀,刘雪凌.木质纤维素水解副产物对乙醇发酵的影响及应对措施[J].生物技术通报,2018,34(3):23-30.
[14]Soccol CR,Karpa S,Ramos LB,et al.Bioethanol from lignocelluloses:Status and perspectives in Brazi[J].Bioresour Technol,2010,101(3):4820-4825.
[15]Nigam PS,Singh A,et al.Production of liquid biofuels from renewable resources[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,2011,37(1):52-68.
[16]王闻,庄新姝,袁振宏,等.纤维素燃料乙醇产业发展现状与展望[J].林产化学与工业,2014,34(4):147-149.
[17]Limayem A,Rick SC.Lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production:Current perspectives,potential issues and future prospects[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,2012,38(4):449-467.
[18]Talebnia F,Karakashev D,Angelidaki I,et al.Production of bioethanol from wheat straw:An overview on pretreatment,hydrolysis and fermentation[J].Bioresour Technol,2010,101(13):4744-4753.
[19]曹莲莹,李凯,李凡,等.木质纤维素乙醇关键技术研究进展[J].生物产业技术,2018(4):25-32.
[20]余建明,施凯强,王盛炜,等.我国秸秆分布情况及转化生产燃料乙醇的研究进展[J].生物产业技术,2018(4):33-40.
[21]刘云云,张宇,许敬亮,等.纤维质原料高浓度酶解技术研究现状及机理分析[J].新能源进展,2015,3(3):185-190.
[22]贾剑辉,李鹏辉,杨松泉,等.燃料乙醇三塔差压蒸馏工艺模拟研究[J].化学工程,2018,46(9):73-78.
[23]Sun A,Davis R,Amotze A,Patea R,et al.Comparative cost analysis of algal oil production for biofuels[J].Energy,2011,36(8):5169-5179.
[24]Furimsky E.Hydroprocessing challenges in biofuels production[J].Catalysis Today,2013,217:13-56.
[25]Daroch M,Geng S,Wang GY,et al.Recent advances in liquid biofuel production from algal feedstocks[J].Applied Energy,2013,102:1371-1381.
[26]李谢昆,周卫征,袁振宏,等.微藻生物质制备燃料乙醇关键技术研究进展[J].中国生物工程杂志,2014,34(5):92-99.
[27]张萌,贾文川.微藻制备生物柴油技术综述[J].当代化工,2018,47(4):827-830.
[28]Okuda K,Oka K,Onda A,et al.Hvdrothermal fractional pretreatment of sea algae and its enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis[J].Chem Technol Biotechnol,2008,83(6):836-841.
[29]王鹏翔,廖莎,师文静,等.微藻生物质生产燃料乙醇技术进展[C].第二届全国微藻生物能源技术创新交流研讨会暨新产品、新工艺、新设备展示与合作对接会论文集.中国石油化工股份有限公司抚顺石油化工研究院,2015:21-29.
[30]Quarterman J,Wei N,Yongsu J.Marine macroalgae:an untapped resource for producing fuels and chemicals[J].Trends in Biotechnology,2013,31(2):70-77.