饲料中添加南极磷虾粉对银鲳幼鱼生长、非特异性免疫及抗氧化功能的影响
|
摘要
以银鲳(Pampus argenteus)幼鱼为研究对象,设置4组不同南极磷虾粉替代鱼粉水平(0%、10%、20%、40%,其中0%为对照组)的饲料,进行60 d的饲养实验,探讨饲料中添加南极磷虾粉对银鲳幼鱼生长、非特异性免疫及抗氧化功能的影响。结果显示:饲料中添加南极磷虾粉的处理组银鲳增重率与特定生长率(SGR)较对照组均有显著性提高(P <0.05),但在添加不同比例南极磷虾粉的饲料组间(10%、20%、40%),银鲳的增重率与特定生长率无显著性差异(P> 0.05)。血清中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)及溶菌酶(LZM) 20%饲料组活性均为最高,但与对照组无显著差异;肝脏AKP活性、肾脏LZM活性10%饲料组均分别显著高于其它各组(P <0.05);肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性40%处理组显著高于对照组(P <0.05),20%饲料组也高于对照组,但差异不显著(P> 0.05);添加南极磷虾粉的饲料组血清和肌肉中过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性均高于对照组,其中40%饲料组血清和肌肉CAT的活性均显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。结果表明,本实验条件下,结合银鲳幼鱼生长性能、非特异性免疫及抗氧化能力的分析,南极磷虾粉替代饲料中鱼粉的适宜比例建议控制在10%～20%。
Antarctic krill is one of the world's largest reserves of marine organisms. It is rich in protein and has a moderate fat content,and is considered to be a highly palatable feed ingredient. To date,breakthroughs have been made in the study of Antarctic krill powder. For example,Antarctic krill powder can promote the growth performance of turbot(Scophthatmus maximus) and Russian catfish(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii),and it can promote the Tongue soles(Cynoglossus semilaevis) male broodstock reproductive performance and antioxidant capacity. However,the research on Antarctic krill powder used in silver carp has not been reported. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary Antarctic krill contents on growth(initial weight,final weight,specific growth rate,feed efficiency ratio,weight gain rate and survival rate),Antarctic krill accumulation in tissues(liver,muscle,serum and kidney),immune response(alkaline phosphatase,acid phosphatase and lysozyme) and antioxidant functions(superoxide dismutase,catalase) of Pampus argenteus juveniles. Four diets were formulated with graded levels of 0%,10%,20%,40%.During the experiment,the fish was fed twice a day(8∶00 and 16∶00),and the feeding amount was adjusted according to the feeding situation. The daily water exchange rate was 30% ～ 50%,and the dissolved oxygen content was kept above 7 mg·L~(-1). The experiment was terminated after 60 days. The results showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05),while there was no significant difference in the weight gain rate and specific growth rate between the experimental groups(P > 0.05). In serum,the alkaline phosphatase,acid phosphatase and lysozyme activities in the 20% replacement group were higher than those in the other groups,however,acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity in the 40% replacement group was significantly lower than those in the other groups(P < 0.05). The activity of lysozyme also had a downward trend,but the difference was not significant(P > 0.05). In muscle,the activity of superoxide dismutase in the 40% replacement group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P < 0.05),and the 20% replacement group was also higher than that of the control group,but the difference was not significant(P > 0.05). The activity of catalase in serum,kidney and muscle of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. The activity of serum,kidney and muscle catalase in 40% replacement group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05). In summary,Antarctic krill powder can improve the growth performance,nonspecific immunity and antioxidation ability of Pampus argenteus juveniles by replacing 10% ～ 20% of fish meal with Antarctic krill powder.
Antarctic krill is one of the world's largest reserves of marine organisms. It is rich in protein and has a moderate fat content,and is considered to be a highly palatable feed ingredient. To date,breakthroughs have been made in the study of Antarctic krill powder. For example,Antarctic krill powder can promote the growth performance of turbot(Scophthatmus maximus) and Russian catfish(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii),and it can promote the Tongue soles(Cynoglossus semilaevis) male broodstock reproductive performance and antioxidant capacity. However,the research on Antarctic krill powder used in silver carp has not been reported. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary Antarctic krill contents on growth(initial weight,final weight,specific growth rate,feed efficiency ratio,weight gain rate and survival rate),Antarctic krill accumulation in tissues(liver,muscle,serum and kidney),immune response(alkaline phosphatase,acid phosphatase and lysozyme) and antioxidant functions(superoxide dismutase,catalase) of Pampus argenteus juveniles. Four diets were formulated with graded levels of 0%,10%,20%,40%.During the experiment,the fish was fed twice a day(8∶00 and 16∶00),and the feeding amount was adjusted according to the feeding situation. The daily water exchange rate was 30% ～ 50%,and the dissolved oxygen content was kept above 7 mg·L~(-1). The experiment was terminated after 60 days. The results showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05),while there was no significant difference in the weight gain rate and specific growth rate between the experimental groups(P > 0.05). In serum,the alkaline phosphatase,acid phosphatase and lysozyme activities in the 20% replacement group were higher than those in the other groups,however,acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity in the 40% replacement group was significantly lower than those in the other groups(P < 0.05). The activity of lysozyme also had a downward trend,but the difference was not significant(P > 0.05). In muscle,the activity of superoxide dismutase in the 40% replacement group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P < 0.05),and the 20% replacement group was also higher than that of the control group,but the difference was not significant(P > 0.05). The activity of catalase in serum,kidney and muscle of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. The activity of serum,kidney and muscle catalase in 40% replacement group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05). In summary,Antarctic krill powder can improve the growth performance,nonspecific immunity and antioxidation ability of Pampus argenteus juveniles by replacing 10% ～ 20% of fish meal with Antarctic krill powder.
引文
[1]刘静,李春生,李显森.中国鲳属鱼类的分类研究[J].海洋科学集刊,2002(44):240-252.LIU J,LI C S,LI X S.Taxonomic Study of chinese genus[J].Marine Science Journal,2002(44):240-252.
[2]郑元甲,陈雪忠,程家骅,等.东海大陆架生物资源与环境[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2003:379-388.ZHEN Y J,CHEN X Z,CHENG J H,et al.East China Sea continental shelf biological resources and environment[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,2003:379-388.
[3]施兆鸿,高露姣,谢营梁,等.舟山渔场银鲳和灰鲳繁殖特性的比较研究[J].水产学报,2006,30(5):247-252.SHI Z P,GAO L J,XIE Y L,et al.Comparative study on reproductive characteristics of Pampus argenteus and Pampus cinereus in Zhoushan fishing ground[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2006,30(5):247-252.
[4]施兆鸿,马凌波,高露姣,等.人工育苗条件下银鲳仔稚幼鱼摄食与生长特性[J].海洋水产研究,2007,28(4):540-549.SHI Z P,MA L B,GAO L J,et al.Feeding and growth characteristics of Pampus argenteus juveniles under artificial breeding conditions[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2007,28(4):540-549.
[5]施兆鸿,赵峰,王建刚,等.舟山渔场银鲳人工授精及孵化[J].渔业现代化,2009,36(1):18-21.SHI Z P,ZHAO F,WANG J G,et al.Artificial insemination and hatching of Pampus argenteus in Zhoushan fishing ground[J].Fisheries Modernization,2009,36(1):18-21.
[6]彭士明,施兆鸿,孙鹏,等.养殖密度对银鲳幼鱼生长及组织生化指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(7):1371-1376.PENG S M,SHI Z H,SUN P,et al.Effects of stocking density on growth and tissue biochemical parameters of Pampus argenteus juveniles[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29(7):1371-1376.
[7]彭士明,尹飞,孙鹏,等.不同饲料对银鲳幼鱼增重率、肝脏脂酶及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].水产学报,2010,34(6):769-774.PENG S M,YI F,SUN P,et al.Effects of different feeds on weight gain rate,liver lipase and antioxidant enzyme activities of Pampus argenteus juveniles[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2010,34(6):769-774.
[8]张晨捷,彭士明,王建刚,等.盐度对银鲳(Pampus argenteus)Na+/K+-ATP酶活力及血清渗透压调节激素浓度的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(5):1395-1402.ZHANG C J,PENG S M,WANG J G,et al.Effect of salinity on Na+/K+-ATP enzyme activity and serum osmotic adjustment hormone concentration of Papusa argenteus[J].Ocean and Lake Journal,2013,44(5):1395-1402.
[9]FRANCIS G,MAKKAR H,BECKER K.Antinutritional factors present in plantderived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish[J].Aquaculture,2001,199(3-4):197-227.
[10]孔凡华,梁萌青,吴立新,等.南极磷虾粉对大菱鲆生长、非特异性免疫及氟残留的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2012,33(1):54-60.KONG F H,LIANG M Q,WU L X,et al.Effects of Antarctic krill powder on growth,non-specific immunity and fluoride residues of Scophthatmus maximus[J].Progress in Fisheries Science,2012,33(1):54-60.
[11]龚洋洋,黄艳青,陆建学,等.不同配比南极磷虾粉饲料对网箱养殖俄罗斯鲟生长及氟累积的影响[J].海洋渔业,2015,37(2):164-170.GONG Y Y,HUANG Y Q,LU J X,et al.Effects of different ratios of Antarctic krill meal on the growth and fluoride accumulation of Acipenser gueldenstaedtii in cage culture[J].Marine Fisheries,2015,37(2):164-170.
[12]赵敏,梁萌青,郑珂珂,等.饲料中添加南极磷虾粉对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevi)雄性亲鱼繁殖性能及抗氧化功能的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2016,37(6):49-55.ZAHO M,LIANG M Q,ZHENG K K,et al.Effects of Antarctic krill meal on the reproductive performance and antioxidant function of male broodstock of Cynoglossus semilaevi[J].Progress in Fisheries Science,2016,37(6):49-55.
[13]HANSEN J,PENN M,VERLAND M,et al.High inclusion of partially deshelled and whole krill meals in diets for Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)[J].Aquaculture,2010,310(1/2):164-172.
[14]YOSHITOMI B,AOKI M,OSHIMA S,et al.Evaluation of krill(Euphausia superba)meal as a partial replacement for fish meal in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)diets[J].Aquaculture,2006,261(1):44-446.
[15]JULSHAMN K,MALDE M K,BJORVATN K,et al.Fluoride retention of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)fed krill meal[J].Aquaculture,2004,10(1):9-13.
[16]MOREN M,SUONAMA J,HEMRE G I,et al.Element concentrations in meals from krill and amphipods,possible alternative protein sources in complete diets for farmed fish[J].Aquaculture,2006,261:174-181.
[17]郑建明,严俊丽,陈四清,等.脱脂南极磷虾粉对圆斑星鲽幼鱼体组成和消化性能的影响[J].海洋科学,2017,41(12):38-45.ZHENG J M,YAN J L,CHEN S Q,et al.Effects of defatted Antarctic Krill powder on body composition and digestibility of juvenile Verasper variegatus[J].Ocean Science,2017,41(12):38-45.
[18]YOSHITOMI B,AOKI M,OSHIMA S.Effect of total replacement of dietary fish meal by low fluoride krill(Euphausia superba)meal on growth performance of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)in fresh water[J].Aquaculture,2007,266(1-4):219-225.
[19]SUONTAMA J,KIESSLING A,MELLE W,et al.Protein from northern krill(Thysanoessa inermis),Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)and the Arctic amphipod(Themisto libellula)can partially replace fish meal in diets to Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)without affecting product quality[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2007,13(1):50-58.
[20]HANSEN J,PENN M,VERLAND M,et al.High inclusion of partially deshelled and whole krill meals in diets for Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)[J].Aquaculture,2010(310):164-172.
[21]OLSEN R E,SUONTAMA J,LANGMYHR E,et al.The replacement of fish meal with Antarctic krill,Euphausia superba in diets for Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar[J].Aquaculture,2006(12):280-290.
[22]黄艳青,高露姣,陆建学,等.饲料中添加南极大磷虾粉对点带石斑鱼幼鱼生长与肌肉营养成分的影响[J].海洋渔业,2010,32(4):440-446.HUANG Y Q,GAO L J,LU J X,et al.Effect of adding antarctic krill powder on the growth and muscle nutrition of juvenile Epinephelus coioiaes in the feed[J].Marine Fisheries,2010,32(4):440-446.
[23]王吉桥,褚衍伟,张丽燕,等.维生素C对花鱼骨鱼种生长和免疫指标的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2009,24(3):213-220.WANG J Q,CHU Y W,ZHANG L Y,et al.Effects of vitamin C on the growth and immune indexes of Osteichthyes[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2009,24(3):213-220.
[24]黄峰,张丽,周艳萍,等.复合酶制剂对异育银鲫生长、SOD和溶菌酶活性的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2008,27(1):96-100.HUANG F,ZHANG L,ZHOU Y P,et al.Effects of compound enzyme preparations on growth,SOD and lysozyme activity of Carassius auratus gibelio[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2008,27(1):96-100.
[25]严俊丽,陈四清,常青,等.南极磷虾粉替代鱼粉对圆斑星鲽幼鱼生长性能、血清和肝脏生化指标及血清非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(11):3503-3510.YAN J L,CHEN S Q,CHANG Q,et al.Effects of Antarctic krill meal instead of fish meal on growth performance,serum and liver biochemical indexes and serum non-specific immune indexes of juveniles of Verasper variegatus[J].Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(11):3503-3510.
[26]江琰,刘克武,雷远成,等.意蜂工蜂酸性磷酸酶的纯化及其酶学特性[J].昆虫学报,2004,47(3):310-315.JIANG Y,LIU K W,LEI Y C,et al.Purification and enzymatic properties of acid phosphatase from Italian bee worker bees[J].Journal of Entomology,2004,47(3):310-315.
[27]孟晓林,冷向军,李小勤,等.杜仲对草鱼鱼种生长和血清非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2007,16(4):329-333.MENG X L,LENG X J,LI X Q,et al.Effects of Eucommia ulmoides oliv.on growth and serum nonspecific immune indexes of Ctenopharyngodon idellus[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2007,16(4):329-333.
[28]杜启艳,王萍,王友利,等.长期饥饿和再投喂对泥鳅不同组织糖原、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶的影响[J].江西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(4):488.DU Q Y,WANG P,WANG Y L,et al.Effects of long-term starvation and refeeding on glycogen,acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in different tissues of loach[J].Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2008,32(4):488.
[29]廖金花,陈巧,林丽蓉,等.鲍鱼碱性磷酸酶的分离纯化和性质研究[J].厦门大学学报,2005,44(2):272-275.LIAO J H,CHEN Q,LIN L R,et al.Isolation,Purification and characterization of abalone alkaline phosphatase[J].Journal of Xiamen University,2005,44(2):272-275.
[30]AMAR E C,KIRON V,SATOH S,et al.Influence of various dietary synthetic carotenoids on biodefence mechanisms in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss(Walbaum)[J].Aquaculture Research,2001,32(Suppl.1):162-173.
[31]KALINOWSKI C T,ROBAINA L E,IZQUIERDO MS.Effect of dietary astaxanthin on the growth performance,lipid com position and post-mortem skin colouration of red porgy Pagrus pagrus[J].Aquaculture International,2011,19(5):811-823.
[32]RODRIGUES E,MARIUTTI L R B,MERCADANTEA Z.Scavenging capacity of marine carotenoids against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in a membrane-mimicking system[J].Marine Drugs,2012,10(8):1784-1798.
[33]JIN L H,BAHN J H,EUM W S,et al.Transduction of human catalase mediated by an HIV-1 TATprotein basic domain and arginine-rich peptides into mammalian cells[J].Free Radical Biology Medicine,2001,31(11):1509-1519.
[34]丰程程,张颖,张永,等.哲罗鱼胚胎至仔稚幼鱼期主要免疫指标和抗氧化酶的活性变化[J].淡水渔业,2013,43(6):35-39.FENG C C,ZHANG Y,ZHANG Y,et al.Changes of main immune indexes and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the embryos of Hucho taimen to larvae and juveniles[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2013,43(6):35-39.
[35]乔秋实,徐维娜,朱浩,等.饥饿再投喂对团头鲂生长、体组成及肠道消化酶的影响[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(2):63-69.QIAO Q S,XU W N,ZHU H,et al.Effects of hunger feeding on the growth,body composition and intestinal digestive enzymes of Megalobrama amblycephala[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2011,41(2):63-69.
[36]HANSEN J?,PENN M,?VERLAND M.High inclusion of partially deshelled and whole krill meals in diets for Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)[J].Aquaculture,2010,310(1-2):164-172.
[2]郑元甲,陈雪忠,程家骅,等.东海大陆架生物资源与环境[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2003:379-388.ZHEN Y J,CHEN X Z,CHENG J H,et al.East China Sea continental shelf biological resources and environment[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,2003:379-388.
[3]施兆鸿,高露姣,谢营梁,等.舟山渔场银鲳和灰鲳繁殖特性的比较研究[J].水产学报,2006,30(5):247-252.SHI Z P,GAO L J,XIE Y L,et al.Comparative study on reproductive characteristics of Pampus argenteus and Pampus cinereus in Zhoushan fishing ground[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2006,30(5):247-252.
[4]施兆鸿,马凌波,高露姣,等.人工育苗条件下银鲳仔稚幼鱼摄食与生长特性[J].海洋水产研究,2007,28(4):540-549.SHI Z P,MA L B,GAO L J,et al.Feeding and growth characteristics of Pampus argenteus juveniles under artificial breeding conditions[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2007,28(4):540-549.
[5]施兆鸿,赵峰,王建刚,等.舟山渔场银鲳人工授精及孵化[J].渔业现代化,2009,36(1):18-21.SHI Z P,ZHAO F,WANG J G,et al.Artificial insemination and hatching of Pampus argenteus in Zhoushan fishing ground[J].Fisheries Modernization,2009,36(1):18-21.
[6]彭士明,施兆鸿,孙鹏,等.养殖密度对银鲳幼鱼生长及组织生化指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(7):1371-1376.PENG S M,SHI Z H,SUN P,et al.Effects of stocking density on growth and tissue biochemical parameters of Pampus argenteus juveniles[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29(7):1371-1376.
[7]彭士明,尹飞,孙鹏,等.不同饲料对银鲳幼鱼增重率、肝脏脂酶及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].水产学报,2010,34(6):769-774.PENG S M,YI F,SUN P,et al.Effects of different feeds on weight gain rate,liver lipase and antioxidant enzyme activities of Pampus argenteus juveniles[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2010,34(6):769-774.
[8]张晨捷,彭士明,王建刚,等.盐度对银鲳(Pampus argenteus)Na+/K+-ATP酶活力及血清渗透压调节激素浓度的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(5):1395-1402.ZHANG C J,PENG S M,WANG J G,et al.Effect of salinity on Na+/K+-ATP enzyme activity and serum osmotic adjustment hormone concentration of Papusa argenteus[J].Ocean and Lake Journal,2013,44(5):1395-1402.
[9]FRANCIS G,MAKKAR H,BECKER K.Antinutritional factors present in plantderived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish[J].Aquaculture,2001,199(3-4):197-227.
[10]孔凡华,梁萌青,吴立新,等.南极磷虾粉对大菱鲆生长、非特异性免疫及氟残留的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2012,33(1):54-60.KONG F H,LIANG M Q,WU L X,et al.Effects of Antarctic krill powder on growth,non-specific immunity and fluoride residues of Scophthatmus maximus[J].Progress in Fisheries Science,2012,33(1):54-60.
[11]龚洋洋,黄艳青,陆建学,等.不同配比南极磷虾粉饲料对网箱养殖俄罗斯鲟生长及氟累积的影响[J].海洋渔业,2015,37(2):164-170.GONG Y Y,HUANG Y Q,LU J X,et al.Effects of different ratios of Antarctic krill meal on the growth and fluoride accumulation of Acipenser gueldenstaedtii in cage culture[J].Marine Fisheries,2015,37(2):164-170.
[12]赵敏,梁萌青,郑珂珂,等.饲料中添加南极磷虾粉对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevi)雄性亲鱼繁殖性能及抗氧化功能的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2016,37(6):49-55.ZAHO M,LIANG M Q,ZHENG K K,et al.Effects of Antarctic krill meal on the reproductive performance and antioxidant function of male broodstock of Cynoglossus semilaevi[J].Progress in Fisheries Science,2016,37(6):49-55.
[13]HANSEN J,PENN M,VERLAND M,et al.High inclusion of partially deshelled and whole krill meals in diets for Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)[J].Aquaculture,2010,310(1/2):164-172.
[14]YOSHITOMI B,AOKI M,OSHIMA S,et al.Evaluation of krill(Euphausia superba)meal as a partial replacement for fish meal in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)diets[J].Aquaculture,2006,261(1):44-446.
[15]JULSHAMN K,MALDE M K,BJORVATN K,et al.Fluoride retention of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)fed krill meal[J].Aquaculture,2004,10(1):9-13.
[16]MOREN M,SUONAMA J,HEMRE G I,et al.Element concentrations in meals from krill and amphipods,possible alternative protein sources in complete diets for farmed fish[J].Aquaculture,2006,261:174-181.
[17]郑建明,严俊丽,陈四清,等.脱脂南极磷虾粉对圆斑星鲽幼鱼体组成和消化性能的影响[J].海洋科学,2017,41(12):38-45.ZHENG J M,YAN J L,CHEN S Q,et al.Effects of defatted Antarctic Krill powder on body composition and digestibility of juvenile Verasper variegatus[J].Ocean Science,2017,41(12):38-45.
[18]YOSHITOMI B,AOKI M,OSHIMA S.Effect of total replacement of dietary fish meal by low fluoride krill(Euphausia superba)meal on growth performance of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)in fresh water[J].Aquaculture,2007,266(1-4):219-225.
[19]SUONTAMA J,KIESSLING A,MELLE W,et al.Protein from northern krill(Thysanoessa inermis),Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)and the Arctic amphipod(Themisto libellula)can partially replace fish meal in diets to Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)without affecting product quality[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2007,13(1):50-58.
[20]HANSEN J,PENN M,VERLAND M,et al.High inclusion of partially deshelled and whole krill meals in diets for Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)[J].Aquaculture,2010(310):164-172.
[21]OLSEN R E,SUONTAMA J,LANGMYHR E,et al.The replacement of fish meal with Antarctic krill,Euphausia superba in diets for Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar[J].Aquaculture,2006(12):280-290.
[22]黄艳青,高露姣,陆建学,等.饲料中添加南极大磷虾粉对点带石斑鱼幼鱼生长与肌肉营养成分的影响[J].海洋渔业,2010,32(4):440-446.HUANG Y Q,GAO L J,LU J X,et al.Effect of adding antarctic krill powder on the growth and muscle nutrition of juvenile Epinephelus coioiaes in the feed[J].Marine Fisheries,2010,32(4):440-446.
[23]王吉桥,褚衍伟,张丽燕,等.维生素C对花鱼骨鱼种生长和免疫指标的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2009,24(3):213-220.WANG J Q,CHU Y W,ZHANG L Y,et al.Effects of vitamin C on the growth and immune indexes of Osteichthyes[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2009,24(3):213-220.
[24]黄峰,张丽,周艳萍,等.复合酶制剂对异育银鲫生长、SOD和溶菌酶活性的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2008,27(1):96-100.HUANG F,ZHANG L,ZHOU Y P,et al.Effects of compound enzyme preparations on growth,SOD and lysozyme activity of Carassius auratus gibelio[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2008,27(1):96-100.
[25]严俊丽,陈四清,常青,等.南极磷虾粉替代鱼粉对圆斑星鲽幼鱼生长性能、血清和肝脏生化指标及血清非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(11):3503-3510.YAN J L,CHEN S Q,CHANG Q,et al.Effects of Antarctic krill meal instead of fish meal on growth performance,serum and liver biochemical indexes and serum non-specific immune indexes of juveniles of Verasper variegatus[J].Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(11):3503-3510.
[26]江琰,刘克武,雷远成,等.意蜂工蜂酸性磷酸酶的纯化及其酶学特性[J].昆虫学报,2004,47(3):310-315.JIANG Y,LIU K W,LEI Y C,et al.Purification and enzymatic properties of acid phosphatase from Italian bee worker bees[J].Journal of Entomology,2004,47(3):310-315.
[27]孟晓林,冷向军,李小勤,等.杜仲对草鱼鱼种生长和血清非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2007,16(4):329-333.MENG X L,LENG X J,LI X Q,et al.Effects of Eucommia ulmoides oliv.on growth and serum nonspecific immune indexes of Ctenopharyngodon idellus[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2007,16(4):329-333.
[28]杜启艳,王萍,王友利,等.长期饥饿和再投喂对泥鳅不同组织糖原、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶的影响[J].江西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(4):488.DU Q Y,WANG P,WANG Y L,et al.Effects of long-term starvation and refeeding on glycogen,acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in different tissues of loach[J].Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2008,32(4):488.
[29]廖金花,陈巧,林丽蓉,等.鲍鱼碱性磷酸酶的分离纯化和性质研究[J].厦门大学学报,2005,44(2):272-275.LIAO J H,CHEN Q,LIN L R,et al.Isolation,Purification and characterization of abalone alkaline phosphatase[J].Journal of Xiamen University,2005,44(2):272-275.
[30]AMAR E C,KIRON V,SATOH S,et al.Influence of various dietary synthetic carotenoids on biodefence mechanisms in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss(Walbaum)[J].Aquaculture Research,2001,32(Suppl.1):162-173.
[31]KALINOWSKI C T,ROBAINA L E,IZQUIERDO MS.Effect of dietary astaxanthin on the growth performance,lipid com position and post-mortem skin colouration of red porgy Pagrus pagrus[J].Aquaculture International,2011,19(5):811-823.
[32]RODRIGUES E,MARIUTTI L R B,MERCADANTEA Z.Scavenging capacity of marine carotenoids against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in a membrane-mimicking system[J].Marine Drugs,2012,10(8):1784-1798.
[33]JIN L H,BAHN J H,EUM W S,et al.Transduction of human catalase mediated by an HIV-1 TATprotein basic domain and arginine-rich peptides into mammalian cells[J].Free Radical Biology Medicine,2001,31(11):1509-1519.
[34]丰程程,张颖,张永,等.哲罗鱼胚胎至仔稚幼鱼期主要免疫指标和抗氧化酶的活性变化[J].淡水渔业,2013,43(6):35-39.FENG C C,ZHANG Y,ZHANG Y,et al.Changes of main immune indexes and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the embryos of Hucho taimen to larvae and juveniles[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2013,43(6):35-39.
[35]乔秋实,徐维娜,朱浩,等.饥饿再投喂对团头鲂生长、体组成及肠道消化酶的影响[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(2):63-69.QIAO Q S,XU W N,ZHU H,et al.Effects of hunger feeding on the growth,body composition and intestinal digestive enzymes of Megalobrama amblycephala[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2011,41(2):63-69.
[36]HANSEN J?,PENN M,?VERLAND M.High inclusion of partially deshelled and whole krill meals in diets for Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)[J].Aquaculture,2010,310(1-2):164-172.