杭州西湖底栖动物群落结构及其水质生物学评价
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摘要
2017年对西湖9个点位的底栖动物进行季度调查,共采集到3门7纲25种底栖动物。底栖动物年均密度为280.3个/m~2,主要类别为水生昆虫、寡毛类、软体动物,优势种为羽摇蚊(Chironomus plumosus)和圆田螺(Cipangopaludina)。空间分布上,不同湖区的底栖动物组成存在不同,在主湖区(少年宫、外湖心)底栖动物主要为水生昆虫,摇蚊幼虫为绝对优势种,而湖西区(西里湖、茅家埠、金沙港、乌龟潭、浴鹄湾)底栖动物主要为软体动物。季节变化上,底栖动物密度分布为冬季>秋季>夏季>春季。寡毛类全年采样出现频次较低,作为耐污染种,这表明西湖水环境质量变好。西湖的Shannon-Wiener生物多样性指数(H’)年均值为1.27,西湖水质为轻污染,其中茅家埠、金沙港和乌龟潭点位H’较高,与所在湖区生长大量沉水植物,生境更加稳定有关。H’与加权营养状态指数(TLI(∑))在对西湖个别点位水质评价结果上存在差异,鉴于西湖底栖动物生境易受外界影响导致群落波动较大,因此认为TLI(∑)的评价结果更为准确。
The zoobenthos in West Lake were seasonally sampled at 9 sites from January to October in 2017.In total,25 taxa were collected,with the annual average density was 280.3 individual per square meters.The collected zoobenthos were mainly aquatic insects,Oligochaeta and mollusks,and the dominant species were Chironomus plumosus and Cipangopaludina.In the spatial distribution,the taxa composition of zoobenthos was different in different areas of West Lake.In the main lake area(Shaoniangong and outer lake center sites),the main zoobenthos were aquatic insects,well in western area of West Lake(Xilihu,Maojiabu,Jinshagang,Wuguitan,Yuhuwan sites),the dominant species were mollusks.In temporal distribution,the density of zoobenthos presented the tendency of winter>autumn>summer>spring.The Oligochaeta,which tolerate the organic pollution and low dissolved oxygen,had low density all through the year,which indicated that the water quality in West Lake was getting better.The annual average Shannon-Wiener index of West Lake(H')was 1.27,showed the West Lake was lightly polluted,the H'was higher in Maojiabu,Jinshagang and Wuguitan,because large amount of submerged plants growth there,and the habitat was more stable.As for the West Lake aquatic environment assessment,the evaluation result base on H'and weighted nutritional status index(TLI(∑))was different in several sites,in view of the fact that community structures of zoobenthos were sensitive to the water conditions and always presented big fluctuation,so the TLI(∑)-based evaluation result was more accurate.
The zoobenthos in West Lake were seasonally sampled at 9 sites from January to October in 2017.In total,25 taxa were collected,with the annual average density was 280.3 individual per square meters.The collected zoobenthos were mainly aquatic insects,Oligochaeta and mollusks,and the dominant species were Chironomus plumosus and Cipangopaludina.In the spatial distribution,the taxa composition of zoobenthos was different in different areas of West Lake.In the main lake area(Shaoniangong and outer lake center sites),the main zoobenthos were aquatic insects,well in western area of West Lake(Xilihu,Maojiabu,Jinshagang,Wuguitan,Yuhuwan sites),the dominant species were mollusks.In temporal distribution,the density of zoobenthos presented the tendency of winter>autumn>summer>spring.The Oligochaeta,which tolerate the organic pollution and low dissolved oxygen,had low density all through the year,which indicated that the water quality in West Lake was getting better.The annual average Shannon-Wiener index of West Lake(H')was 1.27,showed the West Lake was lightly polluted,the H'was higher in Maojiabu,Jinshagang and Wuguitan,because large amount of submerged plants growth there,and the habitat was more stable.As for the West Lake aquatic environment assessment,the evaluation result base on H'and weighted nutritional status index(TLI(∑))was different in several sites,in view of the fact that community structures of zoobenthos were sensitive to the water conditions and always presented big fluctuation,so the TLI(∑)-based evaluation result was more accurate.
引文
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[12]周红,张志南.大型多元统计软件PRIMER的方法原理及其在底栖群落生态学中的应用[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(1):58-64.
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[15]NOLTE U,HOFFMANN T.Life cycle of Pseudodiamesa branickii(Chironomidae)in a small upland stream[J].Aquatic Ecology,1993,26(2/3/4):309-314.
[16]ANLAUF K J,MOFFITT C M.Models of stream habitat characteristics associated with tubificid populations in an intermountain watershed[J].Hydrobiologia,2008,603(1):147-158.
[17]龚志军,谢平,唐汇娟,等.水体富营养化对大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性的影响[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(3):201-216.
[18]熊金林,梅兴国,胡传林.不同污染程度湖泊底栖动物群落结构及多样性比较[J].湖泊科学,2003,15(2):160-168.
[19]姜苹红,崔永德,王海军,等.汉阳湖群底栖动物群落及其对环境质量的指示[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(5):525-53.
[20]张敏,邵美玲,蔡庆华,等.丹江口水库大型底栖动物群落结构及其水质生物学评价[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(2):281-290.
[21]董贯仓,李秀启,师吉华,等.南四湖底栖动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(1):119-130.
[2]姚思鹏.霍甫水丝蚓的摄食及其对水-沉积物界面营养盐循环的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2011.
[3]邬红娟,崔博,吕晋,等.武汉湖泊底栖动物群落结构及水质生态评价[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(10):96-98.
[4]俞大维,虞左明.杭州西湖底栖动物群落的研究[J].水生生物学报,1991,15(1).
[5]虞左明,李瑾,蔡飞.西湖引水治理前后底栖动物群落的比较研究[J].杭州大学学报(自然科学版),1997,24(1):93-94.
[6]吴洁,王锐,俞剑莹,等.西湖引水治理后的底栖动物群落[J].环境污染与防治,1999,21(5).
[7]吴洁,王国龙.西湖与青山水库底栖动物群落的研究[J].环境监测管理与技术,2000,12(增刊):17-19.
[8]郑瑾.西湖治理史研究[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2010.
[9]中国标准出版社第二编辑室.中国环境保护标准汇编:水质分析方法[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.
[10]金相灿,屠清瑛.湖泊富营养化调查规范[M].2版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[11]张文河,穆桂金.烧失法测定有机质和碳酸盐的精度控制[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(3):455-459.
[12]周红,张志南.大型多元统计软件PRIMER的方法原理及其在底栖群落生态学中的应用[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(1):58-64.
[13]环境保护部.地表水环境质量评价办法(试行):环办[2011]22号[A].
[14]SHANNON C E.A mathematical theory of communication[J].Bell System Technical Journal,1948,27:379-423.
[15]NOLTE U,HOFFMANN T.Life cycle of Pseudodiamesa branickii(Chironomidae)in a small upland stream[J].Aquatic Ecology,1993,26(2/3/4):309-314.
[16]ANLAUF K J,MOFFITT C M.Models of stream habitat characteristics associated with tubificid populations in an intermountain watershed[J].Hydrobiologia,2008,603(1):147-158.
[17]龚志军,谢平,唐汇娟,等.水体富营养化对大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性的影响[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(3):201-216.
[18]熊金林,梅兴国,胡传林.不同污染程度湖泊底栖动物群落结构及多样性比较[J].湖泊科学,2003,15(2):160-168.
[19]姜苹红,崔永德,王海军,等.汉阳湖群底栖动物群落及其对环境质量的指示[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(5):525-53.
[20]张敏,邵美玲,蔡庆华,等.丹江口水库大型底栖动物群落结构及其水质生物学评价[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(2):281-290.
[21]董贯仓,李秀启,师吉华,等.南四湖底栖动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(1):119-130.