排污许可制下火电行业环保管理的探讨
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摘要
排污许可制作为加快生态文明体制改革的重要举措,突出了排污单位的主体责任。作为首批核发排污许可证的行业之一,"按证排污、自证守法"成为火电行业日常环境保护管理工作的重点。结合火电行业生产特点,分析火电企业落实排污许可制过程中出现的典型问题,从完善技术支撑体系和优化企业机制体制两方面提出应对建议。
As an important initiative to speed up the reform process of ecological civilization system, the pollutant discharge permit system highlights the main responsibilities of pollutant discharge business entities. Having been one of the first few industries to be issued with emission permits, the thermal power industry has been focusing on "emission by license, self-compliance with the law" as the vital principle of daily environmental protection and management. According to the characteristics of thermal power generation,this paper analyzes the typical problems existing in the process of implementing pollutant discharge permit in thermal power plants,and puts forward suggestions from the aspects of completing technical support system as well as the optimization of enterprise mechanism and system.
As an important initiative to speed up the reform process of ecological civilization system, the pollutant discharge permit system highlights the main responsibilities of pollutant discharge business entities. Having been one of the first few industries to be issued with emission permits, the thermal power industry has been focusing on "emission by license, self-compliance with the law" as the vital principle of daily environmental protection and management. According to the characteristics of thermal power generation,this paper analyzes the typical problems existing in the process of implementing pollutant discharge permit in thermal power plants,and puts forward suggestions from the aspects of completing technical support system as well as the optimization of enterprise mechanism and system.
引文
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[4]帅伟,李立,崔志敏,等.基于实测的超低排放燃煤电厂主要大气污染物排放特征与减排效益分析[J].中国电力,2015, 48(11):131-137.SHUAI Wei, LI Li, CUI Zhimin, et al. Analysis of primary air pollutant emission characteristics and reduction efficiency for ultralow emission coal-fired power plants based on actual measurement[J]. Electric Power, 2015, 48(11):131-137.
[5]郦建国,朱法华,孙雪丽.中国火电大气污染防治现状及挑战[J].中国电力,2018, 51(6):2-10.LI Jianguo, ZHU Fahua, SUN Xueli. Current status and challenges of atmospheric pollution prevention and control of thermal power plants in China[J]. Electric Power, 2018, 51(6):2-10.
[6]孙彩萍,刘孝富,孙启宏,等.美国固定源监管机制对我国排污许可证实施的借鉴[J].环境工程技术学报,2018, 8(2):191-199.SUN Caiping, LIU Xiaofu, SUN Qihong, et al. An inspiration to pollution permitting system implementation in China from the United States'stationary source supervisory mechanism[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2018, 8(2):191-199.
[7]吴卫星.论我国排污许可的设定:现状、问题与建议[J].环境保护,2016, 44(23):26-30.WU Weixing. Study on the current problems and suggestions of pollution permission setting in China[J]. Environmental Protection,2016, 44(23):26-30.
[8]徐振,莫华,周英,等.衔接环评和排污许可的火电行业大气污染物源强核算探讨[J].环境保护,2017, 45(2-3):87-89.XU Zhen, MO Hua, ZHOU Ying, et al. Accounting emissions of air pollutants by thermal power industry consider with the environmental impact assessment and the discharge permit system[J].Environmental Protection, 2017, 45(2-3):87-89.
[9]徐振,莫华,杨光俊,等.火电厂大气污染物自动监测达标判定现状与国际经验借鉴[J].环境影响评价,2018, 40(1):38-41.XU Zhen, MO Hua, YANG Guangjun, et al. Present situation and international experience of using continuous emissions monitoring to assess the compliance with emission limit values of air pollutants for thermal power plants[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment, 2018,40(1):38-41.
[10]王志轩.火电节能减排排污许可制度需要更科学[N].中国能源报,2018-04-16(4).
[11]中国电力企业联合会,环境保护部环境工程评估中心.火电行业达标判定方案研究[R].北京:环境保护部环境工程评估中心,2017.
[12]柴西龙,邹世英,李元实,等.环境影响评价与排污许可制度衔接研究[J].环境影响评价,2016, 38(6):25-27.CHAI Xilong, ZOU Shiying, LI Yuanshi, et al. Study on the connection between environmental impact assessment and pollutant discharge permit system[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment, 2016,38(6):25-27.
[13]蒋洪强,周佳,张静.基于污染物排放许可的总量控制制度改革研究[J].中国环境管理,2017, 9(4):9-12.JIANG Hongqiang, ZHOU Jia, ZHANG Jing. Reform of total emission control system based on emission permit[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Management, 2017, 9(4):9-12.
[14]蒋洪强,王飞,张静,等.基于排污许可证的排污权交易制度改革思路研究[J].环境保护,2017, 45(18):41-45.JIANG Hongqiang, WANG Fei, ZHANG Jing, et al. Research on the reform ideas of the trading system based on sewerage permits[J].Environmental Protection, 2017, 45(18):41-45.
[15]邹世英,柴西龙,杜蕴慧,等.排污许可制度改革的技术支撑体系[J].环境影响评价,2018, 40(1):1-5.ZOU Shiying, CHAI Xilong, DU Yunhui, et al. The technical support system for the reform of pollutant discharge permit system[J].Environmental Impact Assessment,2018, 40(1):1-5.
[16]王焕松,柴西龙,姚懿函.排污许可制度基层实践与顶层设计优化探索[J].环境保护,2018, 46(8):24-26.WANG Huansong, CHAI Xilong, YAO Yihan. Grassroots practice and top design optimization of pollutant discharge permit system reform[J]. Environmental Protection, 2018, 46(8):24-26.
[17]蒋洪强,张静,周佳.关于排污许可制度改革实施的几个关键问题探讨[J].环境保护,2016, 44(23):14-16.JIANG Hongqiang, ZHANG Jing, ZHOU Jia. Discussion on several key problems about the pollution permission system reform and implementation[J]. Environmental Protection, 2016, 44(23):14-16.
[18]张静,蒋洪强,周佳.基于排污许可的环境标准制度改革完善研究[J].中国环境管理,2017, 9(6):30-33.ZHANG Jing, JIANG Hongqiang, ZHOU Jia. Reform strategies of environmental standards system based on permits[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Management, 2017, 9(6):30-33.
[19]梁忠,汪劲.我国排污许可制度的产生、发展与形成一对制定排污许可管理条例的法律思考[J].环境影响评价,2018, 40(1):6-9.LIANG Zhong,WANG Jin. The emergence, development and formation of pollutant discharge permit system in China-legal consideration on formulating management regulations for thepollutant discharge permit[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment,2018,40(1):6-9.
[20]吕晓君,吴铁,程曦,等.排污许可制技术支撑体系研究[J].环境保护,2018, 46(8):27-30.LV Xiaojun, WU Tie, CHENG Xi, et al. Framework of technical support system for pollutant discharge permit system[J].Environmental Protection, 2018, 46(8):27-30.
[2]徐振,莫华,杨光俊,等.火电行业提标对改善环境质量的效益评估[J].电力科技与环保,2018, 34(1):52-55.XU Zhen, MO Hua, YANG Guangjun, et al. Benefit evaluation ofimplementing different emission standards in thermal power industry on environmental quality improvement[J]. Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection, 2018, 34(1):52-55.
[3]中国电力企业联合会.中国电力行业年度发展报告2018[M].北京:中国市场出版社,2018.
[4]帅伟,李立,崔志敏,等.基于实测的超低排放燃煤电厂主要大气污染物排放特征与减排效益分析[J].中国电力,2015, 48(11):131-137.SHUAI Wei, LI Li, CUI Zhimin, et al. Analysis of primary air pollutant emission characteristics and reduction efficiency for ultralow emission coal-fired power plants based on actual measurement[J]. Electric Power, 2015, 48(11):131-137.
[5]郦建国,朱法华,孙雪丽.中国火电大气污染防治现状及挑战[J].中国电力,2018, 51(6):2-10.LI Jianguo, ZHU Fahua, SUN Xueli. Current status and challenges of atmospheric pollution prevention and control of thermal power plants in China[J]. Electric Power, 2018, 51(6):2-10.
[6]孙彩萍,刘孝富,孙启宏,等.美国固定源监管机制对我国排污许可证实施的借鉴[J].环境工程技术学报,2018, 8(2):191-199.SUN Caiping, LIU Xiaofu, SUN Qihong, et al. An inspiration to pollution permitting system implementation in China from the United States'stationary source supervisory mechanism[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2018, 8(2):191-199.
[7]吴卫星.论我国排污许可的设定:现状、问题与建议[J].环境保护,2016, 44(23):26-30.WU Weixing. Study on the current problems and suggestions of pollution permission setting in China[J]. Environmental Protection,2016, 44(23):26-30.
[8]徐振,莫华,周英,等.衔接环评和排污许可的火电行业大气污染物源强核算探讨[J].环境保护,2017, 45(2-3):87-89.XU Zhen, MO Hua, ZHOU Ying, et al. Accounting emissions of air pollutants by thermal power industry consider with the environmental impact assessment and the discharge permit system[J].Environmental Protection, 2017, 45(2-3):87-89.
[9]徐振,莫华,杨光俊,等.火电厂大气污染物自动监测达标判定现状与国际经验借鉴[J].环境影响评价,2018, 40(1):38-41.XU Zhen, MO Hua, YANG Guangjun, et al. Present situation and international experience of using continuous emissions monitoring to assess the compliance with emission limit values of air pollutants for thermal power plants[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment, 2018,40(1):38-41.
[10]王志轩.火电节能减排排污许可制度需要更科学[N].中国能源报,2018-04-16(4).
[11]中国电力企业联合会,环境保护部环境工程评估中心.火电行业达标判定方案研究[R].北京:环境保护部环境工程评估中心,2017.
[12]柴西龙,邹世英,李元实,等.环境影响评价与排污许可制度衔接研究[J].环境影响评价,2016, 38(6):25-27.CHAI Xilong, ZOU Shiying, LI Yuanshi, et al. Study on the connection between environmental impact assessment and pollutant discharge permit system[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment, 2016,38(6):25-27.
[13]蒋洪强,周佳,张静.基于污染物排放许可的总量控制制度改革研究[J].中国环境管理,2017, 9(4):9-12.JIANG Hongqiang, ZHOU Jia, ZHANG Jing. Reform of total emission control system based on emission permit[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Management, 2017, 9(4):9-12.
[14]蒋洪强,王飞,张静,等.基于排污许可证的排污权交易制度改革思路研究[J].环境保护,2017, 45(18):41-45.JIANG Hongqiang, WANG Fei, ZHANG Jing, et al. Research on the reform ideas of the trading system based on sewerage permits[J].Environmental Protection, 2017, 45(18):41-45.
[15]邹世英,柴西龙,杜蕴慧,等.排污许可制度改革的技术支撑体系[J].环境影响评价,2018, 40(1):1-5.ZOU Shiying, CHAI Xilong, DU Yunhui, et al. The technical support system for the reform of pollutant discharge permit system[J].Environmental Impact Assessment,2018, 40(1):1-5.
[16]王焕松,柴西龙,姚懿函.排污许可制度基层实践与顶层设计优化探索[J].环境保护,2018, 46(8):24-26.WANG Huansong, CHAI Xilong, YAO Yihan. Grassroots practice and top design optimization of pollutant discharge permit system reform[J]. Environmental Protection, 2018, 46(8):24-26.
[17]蒋洪强,张静,周佳.关于排污许可制度改革实施的几个关键问题探讨[J].环境保护,2016, 44(23):14-16.JIANG Hongqiang, ZHANG Jing, ZHOU Jia. Discussion on several key problems about the pollution permission system reform and implementation[J]. Environmental Protection, 2016, 44(23):14-16.
[18]张静,蒋洪强,周佳.基于排污许可的环境标准制度改革完善研究[J].中国环境管理,2017, 9(6):30-33.ZHANG Jing, JIANG Hongqiang, ZHOU Jia. Reform strategies of environmental standards system based on permits[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Management, 2017, 9(6):30-33.
[19]梁忠,汪劲.我国排污许可制度的产生、发展与形成一对制定排污许可管理条例的法律思考[J].环境影响评价,2018, 40(1):6-9.LIANG Zhong,WANG Jin. The emergence, development and formation of pollutant discharge permit system in China-legal consideration on formulating management regulations for thepollutant discharge permit[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment,2018,40(1):6-9.
[20]吕晓君,吴铁,程曦,等.排污许可制技术支撑体系研究[J].环境保护,2018, 46(8):27-30.LV Xiaojun, WU Tie, CHENG Xi, et al. Framework of technical support system for pollutant discharge permit system[J].Environmental Protection, 2018, 46(8):27-30.