一种EEMD-HHT与时频重排结合的转速曲线估计新方法
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摘要
HHT(Hilbert-Huang Transform)和传统时频分析存在模态混叠、时频聚焦性差等问题,在估计转速曲线时误差较大。因此,提出将EEMD-HHT与时频重排算法结合的转速曲线估计新方法。采用EEMD(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decompositon)方法获取IMFs;找出参考轴所对应的IMF,并做Hilbert变换;用时频重排算法处理该IMF两端各一定长度的数据,对得到的重排矩阵进行限制条件的瘠线搜索,并将获得的瞬时频率值代替对应时间点内Hilbert变换得到的瞬时频率值;对"拼接"得到的整个时间段的瞬时频率值进行最小二乘拟合,得到光滑的转速曲线。将该方法应用于转子不平衡故障的阶比分析中,对实际测量信号进行了分析,并与HHT估计结果作比较,验证了其优越性和有效性。
The HHT and traditional time-frequency analysis methods have usually the disadvantages of mode mixing,low time-frequency concentration and so on,which makes the speed curve estimation error larger. So a new method for estimating the speed curve was proposed by using the EEMD-HHT combined with a time-frequency reassignment algorithm. First,the EEMD method was used to obtain IMFs. The IMF corresponding to the referentiral axis was Looked for,on which the Hilbert transform was carried out. Next,the time-frequency reassignment transformation method was used to process the data at each end of this IMF. The ridge of the reassignment matrix was searched with some limiting conditions,and the obtained instantaneous frequencies at both ends were used to replace those values obtained by the Hilbert transform. Then,the combined instantaneous frequencies were fitted to obtain a smooth speed curve. The method was applied to the order analysis of actual rotor unbalance faults. The validity and superiority of the proposed method were verified by comparing its results with the HHT estimation results.
The HHT and traditional time-frequency analysis methods have usually the disadvantages of mode mixing,low time-frequency concentration and so on,which makes the speed curve estimation error larger. So a new method for estimating the speed curve was proposed by using the EEMD-HHT combined with a time-frequency reassignment algorithm. First,the EEMD method was used to obtain IMFs. The IMF corresponding to the referentiral axis was Looked for,on which the Hilbert transform was carried out. Next,the time-frequency reassignment transformation method was used to process the data at each end of this IMF. The ridge of the reassignment matrix was searched with some limiting conditions,and the obtained instantaneous frequencies at both ends were used to replace those values obtained by the Hilbert transform. Then,the combined instantaneous frequencies were fitted to obtain a smooth speed curve. The method was applied to the order analysis of actual rotor unbalance faults. The validity and superiority of the proposed method were verified by comparing its results with the HHT estimation results.
引文
[1]胡爱军,朱瑜.基于改进峰值搜索法的旋转机械瞬时频率估计[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(7):113-117.HU Aijun,ZHU Yu. Instantaneous frequency estimation of a rotating machinery based on an improved peak search method[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(7):113-117.
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[7]朱战辉,汪立新,刘明珠,等.基于时频谱融合的加速度计信号分析[J].电光与控制,2017,24(2):81-84.ZHU Zhanhui, WANG Lixin, LIU Mingzhu, et al.Accelerometer signal analysis based on fusion of timefrequency spectrum[J]. Electronics Optics&Control,2017,24(2):81-84.
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[9]郑近德,程军圣,杨宇.一种新的估计瞬时频率的方法-经验包络法[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(17):86-90.ZHENG Jinde, CHENG Junsheng, YANG Yu. A new instantaneous frequency estimation approach-empirical envelope method[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(17):86-90.
[10]雷亚国.基于改进Hilbert-Huang变换的机械故障诊断[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(5):71-77.LEI Yaguo. Machinery fault diagnosis based on improved Hilbert-Huang transform[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechaincal Engineering,2011,47(5):71-77.
[11]刘永强,李翠省,廖英英.基于EEMD和自相关函数峰态系数的轴承故障诊断方法[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(2):111-116.LIU Yongqiang,LI Cuixing,LIAO Yingying. Fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings based on EEMD and autocorrelation function kurtosis[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(2):111-116.
[12]郝志华,关榆君,马孝江.基于经验模式分解的时频重排方法及其应用[J].测试技术学报,2007,21(1):17-22.HAO Zhihua,GUAN Yujun,MA Xiaojiang. Time-frequency reassignment method based on empirical mode decomposition and the application to fault diagnosis[J]. Journal of Test and Measurement Technology,2007,21(1):17-22.
[13]程柏林,马晓岩,陈蓓.基于时频重排多分量辐射源信号分析研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2006,28(5):684-686.CHENG Bolin,MA Xiaoyan,CHEN Bei. Analysis of multicomponent radiator signal based ontime-frequency reassignment method[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics,2006,28(5):684-686.
[14]褚福磊,彭志科,冯志鹏,等.机械故障诊断中的现代信号处理方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[15]赵晓平,赵秀莉,侯荣涛,等.一种新的旋转机械升降速阶段振动信号的瞬时频率估计算法[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(7):103-108.ZHAO Xiaoping,ZHAO Xiuli,HOU Rongtao,et al. A new method for instantaneous frequency estimation of run-up or rundown vibration signal for rotating machinery[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechaincal Engineering,2011,47(7):103-108.
[16] PEIS C,HUANG S G. STFT with adaptive window width based on the chirp rate[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2012,60(8):4065-4080.
[2]郭瑜,秦树人,汤宝平,等.基于瞬时频率估计的旋转机械阶比跟踪[J].机械工程学报,2003,39(3):32-36.GUO Yu,QIN Shuren,TANG Baoping,et al. Order tracking of rotating machinery based on instantaneous frequency estimation[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechaincal Engineering,2003,39(3):32-36.
[3]王栋,丁雪娟.基于自动搜峰瞬时频率估计的自适应多阶比分析技术研究[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(18):19-24.WANG Dong,DING Xuejuan. Tacholess adaptive multi-order tracking technology based on instantaneous frequency estimation with automatic peak search algorithm and its application[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(18):19-24.
[4]梅检民,肖云魁,曾锐利,等.稀疏信号分解-分段拟合逼近及其无转速计阶比应用[J].振动工程学报,2014,27(6):926-933.MEI Jianmin,XIAO Yunkui,ZENG Ruili,et al. Sparse signal decomposition-segmental fitting and integral approximation and its application in no-tachometer order analysis[J]. Journalof Vibration Engineering,2014,27(6):926-933.
[5]曹书峰,朱忠奎,黄伟国,等.基于时频融合的转速估计及轴承故障特征提取研究[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(18):174-178.CAO Shufeng, ZHU Zhongkui, HUANG Weiguo, et al.Speed estimation based on time-frequency fusion and itsapplication in feature extraction of bearing fault[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(18):174-178.
[6]李辉,郑海起,唐力伟.瞬时频率估计的齿轮箱升降速信号阶次跟踪[J].振动、测试与诊断,2007,27(2):125-128.LI Hui, ZHENG Haiqi, TANG Liwei. Order tracking of speed-up signal for gearbox based on instantaneous frequency estimation[J]. Journal of Vibration, Measurement&Diagnosis,2007,27(2):125-128.
[7]朱战辉,汪立新,刘明珠,等.基于时频谱融合的加速度计信号分析[J].电光与控制,2017,24(2):81-84.ZHU Zhanhui, WANG Lixin, LIU Mingzhu, et al.Accelerometer signal analysis based on fusion of timefrequency spectrum[J]. Electronics Optics&Control,2017,24(2):81-84.
[8]胡爱军,安连锁,唐贵基. Hilbert-Huang变换端点效应处理新方法[J].机械工程学报,2008,44(4):154-158.HU Aijun,AN Liansuo,TANG Guiji. New process method for end effects of Hilbert-Huang transform[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechaincal Engineering,2008,44(4):154-158.
[9]郑近德,程军圣,杨宇.一种新的估计瞬时频率的方法-经验包络法[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(17):86-90.ZHENG Jinde, CHENG Junsheng, YANG Yu. A new instantaneous frequency estimation approach-empirical envelope method[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(17):86-90.
[10]雷亚国.基于改进Hilbert-Huang变换的机械故障诊断[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(5):71-77.LEI Yaguo. Machinery fault diagnosis based on improved Hilbert-Huang transform[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechaincal Engineering,2011,47(5):71-77.
[11]刘永强,李翠省,廖英英.基于EEMD和自相关函数峰态系数的轴承故障诊断方法[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(2):111-116.LIU Yongqiang,LI Cuixing,LIAO Yingying. Fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings based on EEMD and autocorrelation function kurtosis[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(2):111-116.
[12]郝志华,关榆君,马孝江.基于经验模式分解的时频重排方法及其应用[J].测试技术学报,2007,21(1):17-22.HAO Zhihua,GUAN Yujun,MA Xiaojiang. Time-frequency reassignment method based on empirical mode decomposition and the application to fault diagnosis[J]. Journal of Test and Measurement Technology,2007,21(1):17-22.
[13]程柏林,马晓岩,陈蓓.基于时频重排多分量辐射源信号分析研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2006,28(5):684-686.CHENG Bolin,MA Xiaoyan,CHEN Bei. Analysis of multicomponent radiator signal based ontime-frequency reassignment method[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics,2006,28(5):684-686.
[14]褚福磊,彭志科,冯志鹏,等.机械故障诊断中的现代信号处理方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[15]赵晓平,赵秀莉,侯荣涛,等.一种新的旋转机械升降速阶段振动信号的瞬时频率估计算法[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(7):103-108.ZHAO Xiaoping,ZHAO Xiuli,HOU Rongtao,et al. A new method for instantaneous frequency estimation of run-up or rundown vibration signal for rotating machinery[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechaincal Engineering,2011,47(7):103-108.
[16] PEIS C,HUANG S G. STFT with adaptive window width based on the chirp rate[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2012,60(8):4065-4080.