气体钻井预防钻具失效分析
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摘要
气体钻井具有自身特点,气体钻井钻具受高速流体冲蚀作用,钻具磨损严重,空气锤反馈的冲击波使钻具接头螺纹容易断裂,气体钻井钻具频繁失效进而影响钻进速度,增加钻井成本。基于岩石力学和气固两项流理论,对气体钻井钻具受流体冲蚀进行分析,建立了环空混合物返速模型,实例计算回压对环空返速的影响。为避免钻具受高速流体冲蚀,应使环空混合物返速介于最小携岩速度和临界冲蚀速度之间。基于力学理论,提出增大井口回压的方法,推导出钻具接头螺纹在预紧力作用下的变形协调方程,应用有限元对钻具螺纹进行应力分析,找出钻具螺纹接头各螺纹牙载荷的分布规律,得出螺纹应力集中区,给出预防钻具失效提高螺纹强度的措施。
Because of Gas drilling's distinguishing feature, drilling tool is wornouted seriously by high velocity liquid's erosive action and drilling tool substitute thread is cracked easily by air hammaer upward's shock wave, all of which impact drilling speed and increase drilling cost. Based on the theory of rock mechanics and gas/solid two-phase flow, drilling tool erosived by liquid in gas drilling is analysed, return velocity model of mixture in annular is established, return velocity in annular impacted by back pressure is calculated with illustration. In order to avert erosiving by high velocity, return velocity of mixture in annular has to be between minimal carrier velocity and interface erosive velocity. Increasing well head back pressure could decreased the drill tool's erosiving. Based on mechanical theory,the deformation harmonization equation of drilling tool substitute thread under the influence of pretightening load is fetched. The stress of drilling tool thread is analysed by finite element. The screw thread load distribution regular pattern of drilling tool substitute thread is found out. The thread stress centralized area is obtained, which could provide measure to prevent drilling tool failure and to enhance thread strength.
Because of Gas drilling's distinguishing feature, drilling tool is wornouted seriously by high velocity liquid's erosive action and drilling tool substitute thread is cracked easily by air hammaer upward's shock wave, all of which impact drilling speed and increase drilling cost. Based on the theory of rock mechanics and gas/solid two-phase flow, drilling tool erosived by liquid in gas drilling is analysed, return velocity model of mixture in annular is established, return velocity in annular impacted by back pressure is calculated with illustration. In order to avert erosiving by high velocity, return velocity of mixture in annular has to be between minimal carrier velocity and interface erosive velocity. Increasing well head back pressure could decreased the drill tool's erosiving. Based on mechanical theory,the deformation harmonization equation of drilling tool substitute thread under the influence of pretightening load is fetched. The stress of drilling tool thread is analysed by finite element. The screw thread load distribution regular pattern of drilling tool substitute thread is found out. The thread stress centralized area is obtained, which could provide measure to prevent drilling tool failure and to enhance thread strength.
引文
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[16]郑德帅,高德利.气体钻井钻具损坏原因及控制措施研究[J].石油机械,2010,38(11):5-7.
[17]陈颖杰,房小松,朱荣东,等.气体钻井钻具失效原因与预防措施[J].石油矿场机械,2011,40(2):87-90.
[2]徐进,蒋祖军,练章华,等.气体钻井钻柱失效统计及其失效原因分析[J].钻采工艺,2010,33(4):13-14.
[3]赵增新,高德利,张辉.钻柱正弦屈曲对裂纹疲劳寿命的影响[J].石油钻采工艺,2008,30(1):15-18.
[4]祝效华,蒋祖军,童华,等.气体钻井钻具失效因素与机理分析[J].石油钻探技术,2009(2):60-62.
[5]林铁军,练章华,陈世春,等.气体钻井中气体携岩对钻杆的冲蚀机理研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2010,32(4):1-4.
[6]李东洋,王垒超,张涛,等.气体钻井中钻柱力学性能及冲蚀实验研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(4):159-163.
[7]王云风.气体钻井钻柱动力学特性及钻柱失效机理研究[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2009.
[8]余浩.川西欠平衡钻井空气钻井钻具损坏机理研究[D].西安:西安石油大学,2010.
[9]郭建华,佘朝毅,李黔,等.气体钻井井筒冲蚀作用定量分析及控制方法[J].石油学报,2007,29(6):129-132.
[10]祝效华,刘少胡,童华.气体钻井钻杆冲蚀规律研究[J].石油学报,2010,31(6):1013-1017.
[11]石晓兵,陈平,聂荣国,等.高压对气井套管接头螺纹接触应力的影响研究[J].石油机械,2006,34(6):32-34.
[12]李飞,李玉民,张飞跃,等.HT高密封性特殊螺纹套管在气井中的应用[J].石油机械,2004,32(1):45-47.
[13]陶世军,刘剑辉,马建强,等.钻铤螺纹有限元分析及优化改进[J].石油机械,2009,37(10):52-53.
[14]陈勇,练章华,林元华,等.钻铤母扣接头改进设计的有限元分析[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,28(6):91-93.
[15]张克勤.气体钻井钻具失效预防技术研究与应用[J].钻采工艺,2010,33(2):8-11.
[16]郑德帅,高德利.气体钻井钻具损坏原因及控制措施研究[J].石油机械,2010,38(11):5-7.
[17]陈颖杰,房小松,朱荣东,等.气体钻井钻具失效原因与预防措施[J].石油矿场机械,2011,40(2):87-90.