Efficient organic-inorganic hybrid cathode interfacial layer enabled by polymeric dopant and its application in large-area polymer solar cells
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摘要
An organic-inorganic hybrid cathode interfacial layer(CIL) was developed by doping ZnO with the naphthalene-diimide based derivative NDI-PFNBr. It was found the resulting organic-inorganic hybrid CIL showed apparently improved conductivity and could act as an effective cathode interlayer to modify indium tin oxide(ITO) transparent electrodes. As a result, by employing the blend of PTB7-Th:PC71BM as the photoactive layer, the inverted polymer solar cells(PSCs) exhibited a remarkable enhancement of power conversion efficiency(PCE) from 8.52% for the control device to 10.04% for the device fabricated with the hybrid CIL. Moreover, all device parameters were simultaneously improved by using this hybrid CIL. The improved open-circuit voltage(VOC) was attributed to the reduced work function of the ITO cathode, whereas the enhancements in fill factor(FF) and short-circuit current density(JSC) were assigned to the increased conductivity and more effective charge extraction and collection at interface. Encouragingly, when the thickness of the hybrid CIL was increased to 80 nm, the resulting device could still keep a PCE of 8.81%, exhibiting less thickness dependence. Considering these advantages, 16 and 93 cm2large-area PSCs modules were successfully fabricated from the hybrid CIL by using doctor-blade coating techniques and yielded a remarkable PCE of8.05% and 4.49%, respectively. These results indicated that the hybrid CIL could be a promising candidate to serve as the cathode interlayer for high-performance large-area inverted PSCs.
An organic-inorganic hybrid cathode interfacial layer(CIL) was developed by doping ZnO with the naphthalene-diimide based derivative NDI-PFNBr. It was found the resulting organic-inorganic hybrid CIL showed apparently improved conductivity and could act as an effective cathode interlayer to modify indium tin oxide(ITO) transparent electrodes. As a result, by employing the blend of PTB7-Th:PC71BM as the photoactive layer, the inverted polymer solar cells(PSCs) exhibited a remarkable enhancement of power conversion efficiency(PCE) from 8.52% for the control device to 10.04% for the device fabricated with the hybrid CIL. Moreover, all device parameters were simultaneously improved by using this hybrid CIL. The improved open-circuit voltage(VOC) was attributed to the reduced work function of the ITO cathode, whereas the enhancements in fill factor(FF) and short-circuit current density(JSC) were assigned to the increased conductivity and more effective charge extraction and collection at interface. Encouragingly, when the thickness of the hybrid CIL was increased to 80 nm, the resulting device could still keep a PCE of 8.81%, exhibiting less thickness dependence. Considering these advantages, 16 and 93 cm2large-area PSCs modules were successfully fabricated from the hybrid CIL by using doctor-blade coating techniques and yielded a remarkable PCE of8.05% and 4.49%, respectively. These results indicated that the hybrid CIL could be a promising candidate to serve as the cathode interlayer for high-performance large-area inverted PSCs.
An organic-inorganic hybrid cathode interfacial layer(CIL) was developed by doping ZnO with the naphthalene-diimide based derivative NDI-PFNBr. It was found the resulting organic-inorganic hybrid CIL showed apparently improved conductivity and could act as an effective cathode interlayer to modify indium tin oxide(ITO) transparent electrodes. As a result, by employing the blend of PTB7-Th:PC71BM as the photoactive layer, the inverted polymer solar cells(PSCs) exhibited a remarkable enhancement of power conversion efficiency(PCE) from 8.52% for the control device to 10.04% for the device fabricated with the hybrid CIL. Moreover, all device parameters were simultaneously improved by using this hybrid CIL. The improved open-circuit voltage(VOC) was attributed to the reduced work function of the ITO cathode, whereas the enhancements in fill factor(FF) and short-circuit current density(JSC) were assigned to the increased conductivity and more effective charge extraction and collection at interface. Encouragingly, when the thickness of the hybrid CIL was increased to 80 nm, the resulting device could still keep a PCE of 8.81%, exhibiting less thickness dependence. Considering these advantages, 16 and 93 cm2large-area PSCs modules were successfully fabricated from the hybrid CIL by using doctor-blade coating techniques and yielded a remarkable PCE of8.05% and 4.49%, respectively. These results indicated that the hybrid CIL could be a promising candidate to serve as the cathode interlayer for high-performance large-area inverted PSCs.
引文
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2 Cheng YJ,Yang SH,Hsu CS.Chem Rev,2009,109:5868-5923
3 Lu L,Zheng T,Wu Q,Schneider AM,Zhao D,Yu L.Chem Rev,2015,115:12666-12731
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7 Li Y.Acc Chem Res,2012,45:723-733
8 Yao H,Ye L,Zhang H,Li S,Zhang S,Hou J.Chem Rev,2016,116:7397-7457
9 Cai Y,Huo L,Sun Y.Adv Mater,2017,29:1605437
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11 Huang Y,Kramer EJ,Heeger AJ,Bazan GC.Chem Rev,2014,114:7006-7043
12 Ye L,Hu H,Ghasemi M,Wang T,Collins BA,Kim JH,Jiang K,Carpenter JH,Li H,Li Z,McAfee T,Zhao J,Chen X,Lai JLY,Ma T,Bredas JL,Yan H,Ade H.Nat Mater,2018,17:253-260
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14 Yip HL,Jen AKY.Energy Environ Sci,2012,5:5994-6011
15 Litzov I,Brabec CJ.Materials,2013,6:5796-5820
16 Choy WCH,Zhang D.Small,2016,12:416-431
17 Zhang K,Huang F,Cao Y,Acta Polym Sin,2017:1400-1414
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20 Zhang S,Qin Y,Zhu J,Hou J.Adv Mater,2018,30:1800868
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22 Duan C,Zhang K,Zhong C,Huang F,Cao Y.Chem Soc Rev,2013,42:9071
23 Hu Z,Zhang K,Huang F,Cao Y.Chem Commun,2015,51:5572-5585
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28 Hau SK,Yip HL,Baek NS,Zou J,O’Malley K,Jen AKY.Appl Phys Lett,2008,92:253301
29 MacLeod BA,Tremolet de Villers BJ,Schulz P,Ndione PF,Kim H,Giordano AJ,Zhu K,Marder SR,Graham S,Berry JJ,Kahn A,Olson DC.Energy Environ Sci,2015,8:592-601
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32 Fu P,Guo X,Zhang B,Chen T,Qin W,Ye Y,Hou J,Zhang J,Li C.JMater Chem A,2016,4:16824-16829
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35 Nian L,Zhang W,Wu S,Qin L,Liu L,Xie Z,Wu H,Ma Y.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2015,7:25821-25827
36 Liao SH,Jhuo HJ,Cheng YS,Chen SA.Adv Mater,2013,25:4766-4771
37 Nian L,Zhang W,Zhu N,Liu L,Xie Z,Wu H,Würthner F,Ma Y.JAm Chem Soc,2015,137:6995-6998
38 Xie Z,Würthner F.Adv Energy Mater,2017,7:1602573
39 Zheng D,Huang W,Fan P,Zheng Y,Huang J,Yu J.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2017,9:4898-4907
40 Wu Z,Sun C,Dong S,Jiang XF,Wu S,Wu H,Yip HL,Huang F,Cao Y.J Am Chem Soc,2016,138:2004-2013
41 Wu N,Luo Q,Bao Z,Lin J,Li YQ,Ma CQ.Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells,2015,141:248-259
42 Wang J,Yan C,Zhang X,Zhao X,Fu Y,Zhang B,Xie Z.J Mater Chem C,2016,4:10820-10826
43 Sugiyama K,Ishii H,Ouchi Y,Seki K.J Appl Phys,2000,87:295-298
44 Mandoc MM,Kooistra FB,Hummelen JC,de Boer B,Blom PWM.Appl Phys Lett,2007,91:263505
45 Koster LJA,Mihailetchi VD,Ramaker R,Blom PWM.Appl Phys Lett,2005,86:123509
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47 Cowan SR,Street RA,Cho S,Heeger AJ.Phys Rev B,2011,83:8
48 Lu L,Xu T,Chen W,Landry ES,Yu L.Nat Photon,2014,8:716-722
49 Lee EJ,Heo SW,Han YW,Moon DK.J Mater Chem C,2016,4:2463-2469
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51 Zuo L,Zhang S,Li H,Chen H.Adv Mater,2015,27:6983-6989