福建地区环境噪声特性研究
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摘要
为进一步加强对福建地区噪声特性的认识以及提升台站地震观测质量,计算了2014年福建地震台网宽频带地震仪连续观测数据的功率谱概率密度函数,并分析其影响因素和不同频段时空变化特性。结果表明:人文噪声平均水平最高地区位于福建沿海福州至厦门一带,07:00—18:00的功率谱密度要明显高于其它时间段,12:00左右出现间歇性低谷期,夜间有不同程度的降低,日变化除了在春节假期大幅下降外,均处于较为稳定态势;福建地区次级微震主要成分是Rayleigh波,主频约为2.7 s,主微震主频约为16 s,次级微震平均水平最高地区也位于沿海一带,向内陆方向呈衰减趋势,其日变化明显,与台风和潮高有较高的相关性。
In order to enhance the understandings of characteristics of seismic noise and improve observation qualities of fixed or mobile seismic stations in Fujian region,we use continuous waveforms of broadband seismograph in Fujian region in 2014 to calculate the power spectral probability density function(PDF),and discuss the influencing factors and space-time features of PDF in different frequencies. The results show that,the areas with the highest human activity related noise are located in Fuzhou-Xiamen area along the coast of Fujian province. The power spectral density at 07:00—18:00 is obviously higher than other times,and an intermittent trough shows at around 12:00 and decreases to different extent during night time. Except a sharp drop during the Spring Festival holidays,the diurnal variation was quite stable. The main component of the secondary microtremors in Fujian region is Rayleigh wave with a dominant frequency of about 2.7 s,while the dominant frequency of the primary microtremors is about 16 s. The highest level of the secondary microtremors mean level is also located in the coastal area,and tends to decay inland. There is an obvious diurnal variation for the secondary microtremors and it is highly correlated with typhoon and tidal height.
In order to enhance the understandings of characteristics of seismic noise and improve observation qualities of fixed or mobile seismic stations in Fujian region,we use continuous waveforms of broadband seismograph in Fujian region in 2014 to calculate the power spectral probability density function(PDF),and discuss the influencing factors and space-time features of PDF in different frequencies. The results show that,the areas with the highest human activity related noise are located in Fuzhou-Xiamen area along the coast of Fujian province. The power spectral density at 07:00—18:00 is obviously higher than other times,and an intermittent trough shows at around 12:00 and decreases to different extent during night time. Except a sharp drop during the Spring Festival holidays,the diurnal variation was quite stable. The main component of the secondary microtremors in Fujian region is Rayleigh wave with a dominant frequency of about 2.7 s,while the dominant frequency of the primary microtremors is about 16 s. The highest level of the secondary microtremors mean level is also located in the coastal area,and tends to decay inland. There is an obvious diurnal variation for the secondary microtremors and it is highly correlated with typhoon and tidal height.
引文
葛洪魁,陈海潮,欧阳飚,等.2013.流动地震观测背景噪声的台基响应[J].地球物理学报,56(3):857-868.
金星,康兰池.2007.利用宽频带速度记录的频域特征研究台风[J].自然灾害学报,(4):27-35.
李孝宾,陈佳,高琼,等.2017.利用噪声功率谱密度的统计特征评价台站对主动源信号的接收效能[J].地震研究,40(4):572-580.
廖诗荣,陈绯雯.2008.应用概率密度函数方法自动处理地震台站勘选测试数据[J].华南地震,28(4):82-92.
林彬华,金星,廖诗荣,等.2015.地震噪声异常实时监测[J].中国地震,31(2):281-289.
刘旭宙,沈旭章,李秋生,等.2014.青藏高原东北缘宽频带地震台阵远震记录波形及背景噪声分析[J].地球学报,35(6):759-768.
吴建平,欧阳飚,王未来,等.2012.华北地区地震环境噪声特征研究[J].地震学报,34(6):818-829.
徐嘉隽,廖诗荣,张红才,等.2010.福建测震台网观测数据质量检测软件研究[J].华南地震,30(4):97-104.
杨龙翔,王志铄,贾漯昭,等.2015.河南省测震台网背景噪声特征分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,35(3):543-546.
Díaz J,Villasenor A,Morales J,et al.2010.Background noise characteristics at the IberArray broadband seismic network[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,100(2):618-628.
Hasselmann.1963.A statistical analysis of the generation of microseisms[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1(2):177-210.
Haubrich R A,McCamy K.1944.Microseisms;coastal and pelagic sources[J].Reviews of Geophysics,7(3):539-571.
Hillers G,Ben-Zion Y.2011.Seasonal variations of observed noise amplitudes at 2～18Hz in southern California[J].Geophysical Journal International,184(2):860-868.
Longuet-Higgins M S.1950.A Theory of the Origin of Microseisms[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society a Mathematical Physical & Engineering Sciences,243(243):1-35.
McNamara D E,Boaz R I.2005.Seismic noise analysis system,power spectral density probability density functions:standalone software package[R].US Geol Surv Open File Report,1438.
McNamara D E,Raymond P B.2004.Ambient noise levels in the continental United States[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,94(4):1517-1527.
Peterson J.1993.Observations and Modeling of Seismic Background Noise[R].US Geol Surv Tech Report,94.
Ringler A T,Hutt C R.2010.Self-noise models of seismic instruments[J].Seismological Research Letters,81(6):972-983.
Tanimoto T.2007.Excitation of microseisms[J].Geophysical Research Letters,34(5):247-260.
Webb S C.1998.Broadband seismology and noise under the ocean[J].Reviews of Geophysics,36(1):105-142.
Wilson D.2002.Broadband Seismic Background Noise at Temporary Seismic Stations Observed on a Regional Scale in the Southwestern United States[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,92(8):3335-3342.
Withers M M,Aster R C,Young C J,et al.1996.High-frequency analysis of seismic background noise as a function of wind speed and shallow depth[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,86(5):1507-1515.
Yao H,Hilst R D V D.2009.Analysis of ambient noise energy distribution and phase velocity bias in ambient noise tomography with application to SE Tibet[J].Geophysical Journal International,179(2):1113-1132.
金星,康兰池.2007.利用宽频带速度记录的频域特征研究台风[J].自然灾害学报,(4):27-35.
李孝宾,陈佳,高琼,等.2017.利用噪声功率谱密度的统计特征评价台站对主动源信号的接收效能[J].地震研究,40(4):572-580.
廖诗荣,陈绯雯.2008.应用概率密度函数方法自动处理地震台站勘选测试数据[J].华南地震,28(4):82-92.
林彬华,金星,廖诗荣,等.2015.地震噪声异常实时监测[J].中国地震,31(2):281-289.
刘旭宙,沈旭章,李秋生,等.2014.青藏高原东北缘宽频带地震台阵远震记录波形及背景噪声分析[J].地球学报,35(6):759-768.
吴建平,欧阳飚,王未来,等.2012.华北地区地震环境噪声特征研究[J].地震学报,34(6):818-829.
徐嘉隽,廖诗荣,张红才,等.2010.福建测震台网观测数据质量检测软件研究[J].华南地震,30(4):97-104.
杨龙翔,王志铄,贾漯昭,等.2015.河南省测震台网背景噪声特征分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,35(3):543-546.
Díaz J,Villasenor A,Morales J,et al.2010.Background noise characteristics at the IberArray broadband seismic network[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,100(2):618-628.
Hasselmann.1963.A statistical analysis of the generation of microseisms[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1(2):177-210.
Haubrich R A,McCamy K.1944.Microseisms;coastal and pelagic sources[J].Reviews of Geophysics,7(3):539-571.
Hillers G,Ben-Zion Y.2011.Seasonal variations of observed noise amplitudes at 2～18Hz in southern California[J].Geophysical Journal International,184(2):860-868.
Longuet-Higgins M S.1950.A Theory of the Origin of Microseisms[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society a Mathematical Physical & Engineering Sciences,243(243):1-35.
McNamara D E,Boaz R I.2005.Seismic noise analysis system,power spectral density probability density functions:standalone software package[R].US Geol Surv Open File Report,1438.
McNamara D E,Raymond P B.2004.Ambient noise levels in the continental United States[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,94(4):1517-1527.
Peterson J.1993.Observations and Modeling of Seismic Background Noise[R].US Geol Surv Tech Report,94.
Ringler A T,Hutt C R.2010.Self-noise models of seismic instruments[J].Seismological Research Letters,81(6):972-983.
Tanimoto T.2007.Excitation of microseisms[J].Geophysical Research Letters,34(5):247-260.
Webb S C.1998.Broadband seismology and noise under the ocean[J].Reviews of Geophysics,36(1):105-142.
Wilson D.2002.Broadband Seismic Background Noise at Temporary Seismic Stations Observed on a Regional Scale in the Southwestern United States[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,92(8):3335-3342.
Withers M M,Aster R C,Young C J,et al.1996.High-frequency analysis of seismic background noise as a function of wind speed and shallow depth[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,86(5):1507-1515.
Yao H,Hilst R D V D.2009.Analysis of ambient noise energy distribution and phase velocity bias in ambient noise tomography with application to SE Tibet[J].Geophysical Journal International,179(2):1113-1132.