江汉平原沉积环境演化及对三峡贯通的指示
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摘要
选取江汉平原孔深400.59m的新沟钻孔,通过对其4.0Ma以来的沉积物进行岩性描述及粒度特征的研究,探讨了此岩芯剖面沉积环境的演变过程。结果表明,该岩芯垂直剖面沉积物颗粒基本构成是以砂、粉砂、粘土为主,沉积环境变化频繁。根据粒度参数特征所反映的沉积环境意义,划分出4个沉积阶段:3.93～3.66MaB.P.(深度400.59～375.03m)为深湖相沉积环境,3.66～2.17MaB.P.(深度375.03～195.90m)为河湖相沉积环境,2.17～1.77MaB.P.(深度195.90～147.08m)为浅湖相沉积环境,1.77MaB.P.～0.11kaB.P.(深度147.08～0m)为河湖相交替频繁的沉积环境;从而揭示了江汉平原新沟钻孔4.0Ma以来的沉积环境的演变过程。对比江汉平原新沟孔和周老孔的磁学参数及磁性矿物特征的研究结果,发现在新沟孔深度109.15～98.82m间江汉平原水系曾发生过重要调整,江汉平原的沉积环境和物质成分均发生了重大改变。该层位可能就是长江三峡贯通的层位,其贯通时间新沟孔古地磁年龄约为1.0MaB.P.左右。
The Jianghan Plain, situated at the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,is the first large basin after the Three Gorges. Its sediments must have recorded the origin and evolutionary history of the Yangtze River and the Three Gorges. Depositional environment research can be chased back to as early as the beginning of the 20th Century by the particle analysis method. The deposit particle is related to transporting force,mode and distance of clastics, and hydrodynamic conditions, thus can reflect the depositional environment and provenance well. Grain-size characteristics of the Xin′gou Core (400.59m deep)sediments from the Jianghan Plain which have a record of ca. 4.0Ma B. P. continuous deposition are studied to analyze the depositional environment. The basic composition of sediment particles is dominated by clay, sand, and sihsand, with the ratio changing along the changes of the depositional environment. According to the lithologic characteristics of the drilling section, combined with the paleo- magnetic dating result of the Xin′gou and Zhoulao cores and with the international standard polar column(S. C. Cande,1995), the Xin′gou Core depositional environment from bottom up can be divided into the following four depositional phases : 3.93 ～ 3.66MaB. P. (400.59 ～ 375.03m deep) , the lacustrine depositional environment. 3.66 ～ 2. 17MaB. P. (375.03 ～ 195.90m deep) ,the alternation of fluvial and lacustrine depositional environment. 2.17 ～ 1.77MaB. P. ( 195.90 ～ 147.08m deep) ,the shallow lacustrine depositional environment. 1.77Ma B. P. 0. l lkaB. P. (147.08 ～0m deep) ,the fluvial facies and lacustrine facies which was mainly represented by fluvial facies. The comparison of magnetic parameters and magnetism mineral characteristics between the Xin′gou and the Zhoulao cores reveals that the section of 109.15 ～ 98.82m in the Xin′gou Core recorded a significant change of depositional environment and material composition, which was likely caused by the running through of the Three Gorges at about 1.0MaB. P.
The Jianghan Plain, situated at the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,is the first large basin after the Three Gorges. Its sediments must have recorded the origin and evolutionary history of the Yangtze River and the Three Gorges. Depositional environment research can be chased back to as early as the beginning of the 20th Century by the particle analysis method. The deposit particle is related to transporting force,mode and distance of clastics, and hydrodynamic conditions, thus can reflect the depositional environment and provenance well. Grain-size characteristics of the Xin′gou Core (400.59m deep)sediments from the Jianghan Plain which have a record of ca. 4.0Ma B. P. continuous deposition are studied to analyze the depositional environment. The basic composition of sediment particles is dominated by clay, sand, and sihsand, with the ratio changing along the changes of the depositional environment. According to the lithologic characteristics of the drilling section, combined with the paleo- magnetic dating result of the Xin′gou and Zhoulao cores and with the international standard polar column(S. C. Cande,1995), the Xin′gou Core depositional environment from bottom up can be divided into the following four depositional phases : 3.93 ～ 3.66MaB. P. (400.59 ～ 375.03m deep) , the lacustrine depositional environment. 3.66 ～ 2. 17MaB. P. (375.03 ～ 195.90m deep) ,the alternation of fluvial and lacustrine depositional environment. 2.17 ～ 1.77MaB. P. ( 195.90 ～ 147.08m deep) ,the shallow lacustrine depositional environment. 1.77Ma B. P. 0. l lkaB. P. (147.08 ～0m deep) ,the fluvial facies and lacustrine facies which was mainly represented by fluvial facies. The comparison of magnetic parameters and magnetism mineral characteristics between the Xin′gou and the Zhoulao cores reveals that the section of 109.15 ～ 98.82m in the Xin′gou Core recorded a significant change of depositional environment and material composition, which was likely caused by the running through of the Three Gorges at about 1.0MaB. P.
引文
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1) 王秋良等.周老镇钻孔砾石层重矿物特征及地质意义.中国地质,2009(待刊)
2) 李长安,梁杏,张玉芬等.长江中游主要水患区第四纪地质及新构造运动对水患形成的影响.2002
1 Porter S C , An Zhisheng. Correlation between climate events in the North Atlantic and China during the last glaciation. Nature, 1995 ,375:305～308
2 Campbell C. Late Holocene lake sedimentology and climate change in Southern Alberta,Canada. Quaternary Research ,1998 ,49 :96～101
3 Giancarlo G Bianchi, Nicholas McCave I . Holocene periodicity in North Atlantic climate and deep-ocean flow south of Iceland. Mature, 1999 ,397:515～517
4 鹿化煜,安芷生.黄土高原黄土粒度组成的古气候意义.中国科学(D辑),1998,28(3) :278～283Lu Huayu, An Zhisheng. Paleoclimatie significance of grain size of loess-palaeosol deposit in Chinese Loess Plateau. Science in China (Series D) , 1998 ,41 (6) :626～631
5 陈敬安,万国江.云南洱海沉积物粒度组成及其环境意义辨识.矿物学报,1999,19(2) :175～182Chen Jing'an,Wan Guojiang. Sediment particle size distribution and its environmental significance in lake Erhai, Yunnan Province. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 1999 ,19(2) : 175～182
6 孙千里,周杰,肖举乐.岱海沉积物粒度特征及其古环境意义.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2001,21(1) :93～95Sun Qianli, Zhou Jie, Xiao Jule. Grain-size characteristics of Lake Daihai sediments and its paleaoenvironment significance. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology ,2001 ,21 ( 1 ) :93～95
7 成都地质学院陕北队编.沉积岩(物)粒度分析及其应用.北京:地质出版社,1978． 31～143Shaanxi North Team, Chengdu Geology Institute ed. Grain-Ssize Analysis of Sedimentary Rock and its Application. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1978． 31～143
8 胡雪峰,沈铭能,方圣琼.皖南网纹红土的粒度分布特征及古环境意义.第四纪研究,2004,24(2) :160～166Hu Xuefeng, Shen Mingneng, Fang Shengqiong. Grain-size distribution of the reticulate red clay in Southern Anhui Province and its paleo-environmental significance. Quaternary Sciences ,2004 ,24 (2) :160～166
9 朱立平,鞠建廷,王君波等.湖芯沉积物揭示的末次冰消开始时期普莫雍错湖区环境变化.第四纪研究,2006,26(5) :772～780Zhu Liping,Ju Jianting, Wang Junbo et al. Environmental changes recorded in core sediments from the Pumoyum Co Lake of the Tibetan Plateau during the initial stage of the last deglacial period. Quaternary Sciences ,2006 ,26 (5 ) :772-780
10 强明瑞,陈发虎,周爱锋等.苏干湖沉积物粒度组成记录尘暴事件的初步研究.第四纪研究,2006,26(6) :915～922Qiang Mingrui ,Chen Fahu,Zhou Aifeng et al. Preliminary study on dust storm events documented by grain size component of Sugan Lake sediments, North Qaidam Basin. Quaternary Sciences ,2006 ,26(6) :915～922
11 朱立平,王君波,林晓等.西藏纳木错深水湖芯反映的8． 4ka以来气候环境变化第四纪研究,2007,27(4) :588～597Zhu Liping, Wang Junbo, Lin Xiao et al. Environmental changes reflected by core sediments since 8． 4ka in Nam Co,Central Tibet of China. Quaternary Sciences ,2007 ,27 (4) :588～597
12 申慧彦,李世杰,于守兵等.青藏高原兹格塘错沉积物粒度组成及其环境记录的研究.第四纪研究,2007,27(4) :613～619Shen Huiyan, Li Shijie,Yu Shoubing et al. Grain-size characteristics of sediments from the Zige Tangco Lake, Tibetan Plateau and their environmental implication. Quaternary Sciences, 2007, 27 (4) : 613～619
13 杨作升,陈晓辉.百年来长江口泥质区高分辨率沉积粒度变化及影响因素探讨.第四纪研究,2007,27(5) :690～699Yang Zuosheng, Chen Xiaohui. Centurial high resolution records of sediment grain size variation in the mud area off the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary and its influencial factors. Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(5) :690-699
14 殷志强,秦小光,吴金水等.湖泊沉积物粒度多组分特征及其成因机制研究.第四纪研究,2008,28(2) :345～353Yin Zhiqiang,Qin Xiaoguang, Wu Jinshui et al. Multimodal grain-size distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of lake sediments. Quaternary Sciences,2008 ,28(2) :345～353
15 张崧,Heller F,勒春胜等.2006年4月17日北京降尘的粒度分布与磁学特征.第四纪研究,2008,28(2) :354～362Zhang Song, Heller F, Jin Chunsheng et al. Grain size distribution and magnetic characteristics of dust fall in Beijing on April 17,2006． Quaternary Sciences,2008 ,28(2) :354～362
16 郑洪波,陈国成,谢 昕等.南海晚第四纪陆源沉积:粒度组成、动力控制及反映的东亚季风演化.第四纪研究,2008,28(3) :414～424Zheng Hongbo,Chen Guocheng,Xie Xin et al. Grain size distribution and dynamic control of Late Quaternary terrigenous sediments in the South China Sea and their implication for East Asian monsoon evolution. Quaternary Sciences,2008 ,28(3 ):414～424
17 罗超,刘卫国,彭子成等.新疆罗北洼地湖相沉积物有机碳同位素的变化序列及其古环境意义.第四纪研究,2008,28(4) :621～628Luo Chao,Liu Weiguo, Peng Zicheng et al. Stable carbon isotope record of organic matter from the Lop-Nur Lacustrine sediment in Xinjiang, North West China. Quaternary Sciences , 2008 , 28 ( 4 ): 621～628
18 徐馨,何才华,沈志达等.第四纪环境研究方法.贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1992． 69～105Xu Xin, He Caihua, Shen Zhida et al. Research Methods of Quaternary Environment. Guiyang: Guizhou Science and Technology Press, 1992． 69～105
19 孙千里,肖举乐.岱海沉积记录的季风/干旱过渡区全新世适宜期特征.第四纪研究,2006,26(5) :781～790Sun Qianli,Xiao Jule. Characteristics of the Holocene optimum in the monsoon/arid transition belt recorded by core sediments of Daihai Lake, North China. Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(5) :781～790
20 孙东怀,鹿化煜.晚新生代黄土高原风尘序列的粒度和沉积速率与中国北方大气环流演变.第四纪研究,2007,27(2) :251～262Sun Donghuai, Lu Huayu. Grain-size and dust accumulation rate of Late Cenozoic aeolian deposits and the inferred atmospheric circulation evolutions. Quaternary Sciences,2007 ,27(2) :251～262
21 Zhang Yufen, Li Chang'an, Wang Qiuliang et al. Magnetism parameters characteristics of drilling deposits in Jianghan Plain and indication for forming of the Yangtze River Three Gorges. Chinese Science Bulletin ,2008 ,53 (4) :484～590
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