破碎矿岩巷道分区支护设计与力学分析
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摘要
"湿喷混凝土+树脂锚杆"支护技术以其良好的应用效果,在井巷工程中得到了广泛应用。针对某矿山矿石围岩破碎、支护难度大的问题,应用喷射混凝土作用机理、喷射混凝土强度与围岩稳定性的力学关系等原理,结合矿山的工程地质现状,对巷道支护方案进行了设计。对于喷层厚度的计算分别应用了冲切破坏理论、黏结破坏理论、剪切破坏理论以及锚杆间荷载原理,最终得出在巷道顶板的混凝土喷层厚度不应小于54mm,巷道两帮的混凝土喷层厚度不应小于15mm。应用组合梁理论对树脂锚杆参数进行分析,结果表明锚杆长度要大于2.56m,间距小于1.53m。根据计算结果进行了巷道支护的现场应用,取得了较好的效果。
Combined wet shotcrete and resin bolt support technology has been widely used in underground mining with good performance.Mining support is usually a big challenge for crushed orebody.In this paper,a supporting design for broken tunnels based on the mine geology was brought out;where theories,such as the relation between shotconcrete strength and surrounding rock stability,mechanism of shotconcrete action,were involved.Spray layer thickness was calculated according to principles of punching failure,bonding failure shear failure,and the load between the bolts theory as well.The result indicated that the thickness of shotcrete should be no less than 54 mm on the roadway roof and no less than 15 mm on the two sides of the roadway.The mechanical behavior for resin bolt was analyzed in the light of composite beam theory,which suggested the bolt length should be greater than 2.56 m and the spacing less than 1.53 m.According to the calculation results,the field application of roadway support was carried out,and good results were obtained.
Combined wet shotcrete and resin bolt support technology has been widely used in underground mining with good performance.Mining support is usually a big challenge for crushed orebody.In this paper,a supporting design for broken tunnels based on the mine geology was brought out;where theories,such as the relation between shotconcrete strength and surrounding rock stability,mechanism of shotconcrete action,were involved.Spray layer thickness was calculated according to principles of punching failure,bonding failure shear failure,and the load between the bolts theory as well.The result indicated that the thickness of shotcrete should be no less than 54 mm on the roadway roof and no less than 15 mm on the two sides of the roadway.The mechanical behavior for resin bolt was analyzed in the light of composite beam theory,which suggested the bolt length should be greater than 2.56 m and the spacing less than 1.53 m.According to the calculation results,the field application of roadway support was carried out,and good results were obtained.
引文
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[10]郑雨天,祝顺义,李庶林,等.软岩巷道喷锚网---弧板复合支护试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(1):1-10.ZHENG Yutian,ZHU Shunyi,LI Shulin,et al.Testing research on a composite support system using bolts,shotcrete,mesh and arc plates for a tunnel in soft rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1993,12(1):1-10.
[11]王旭锋,张东升,邵鹏,等.深部软岩锚喷支护巷道快速掘进技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(3):415-419.WANG Xufeng,ZHANG Dongsheng,SHAO Peng,et al.A rapid excavation technology for shotcreting and bolting roadway in deep soft rock[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2011,28(3):415-419.
[12]张玉军,徐刚.核废料地质处置概念库锚喷支护坑道热-水-应力耦合效应的二维离散元分析[J].岩土力学,2013,34(增刊1):430-436.ZHANG Yujun,XU Gang.2D distinct element analyses of thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling effects for a drift with bolt-shotcrete supporting in a conceptual nuclear waste repository[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(S1):430-436.
[13]朱珍德,王春娟.地下洞室围岩支护结构的可靠性研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(增刊1):5-8.ZHU Zhende,WANG Chunjuan.The reliability research of timbering structural in underground chamber[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(S1):5-8.
[14]张士林,冯夏庭,段克信,等.塑料胀壳式注浆锚杆设计及机理[J].东北大学学报,2001,22(1):57-59.ZHANG Shilin,FENG Xiating,DUAN Kexin,et al.Plastic shell-expanding grouting bolt and it's reinforcing mechanism[J].Journal of Northeastern University,2001,22(1):57-59.
[15]康红普,崔千里,胡滨,等.树脂锚杆锚固性能及影响因素分析[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):1-10.KANG Hongpu,CUI Qianli,HU Bin,et al.Analysis on anchorage performances and affecting factors of resin bolts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):1-10.
[16]王少勇,吴爱祥,韩斌,等.湿喷混凝土+树脂锚杆耦合支护的力学模型[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(8):3486-3492.WANG Shaoyong,WU Aixiang,HAN Bin,et al.Mechanical model of wet shotcrete+resin bolt coupling support[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(8):3486-3492.
[17]王焕文,王继良.锚喷支护[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1989.WANG Huanwen,WANG Jiliang.Bolt shotcrete support[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1989.
[2]方树林,康红普,林健,等.锚喷支护软岩大巷混凝土喷层受力监测与分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(6):776-782.FANG Shulin,KANG Hongpu,LIN Jian,et al.Mechanical monitoring and analysis on shotcrete layer of soft rock main roadway supported by bolt-shotcrete[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2012,29(6):776-782.
[3]高谦,宋建国,余伟健,等.金川深部高应力巷道锚喷支护设计与数值模拟技术[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(2):279-284.GAO Qian,SONG Jianguo,YU Weijian,et al.Design and numerical simulation of rock bolting and shotcrete for deep tunnels with high stress in jinchuan mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(2):279-284.
[4]李丹,白世伟,陈陆望,等.软岩隧道围岩加固方法优化对比试验研究与分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增刊1):145-149.LI Dan,BAI Shiwei,CHEN Luwang,et al.Research and analysis of comparative tests of optimization of methods for reinforcing soft surrounding rock of tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(S1):145-149.
[5]LI Li,WU Aixiang,WANG Yiming,et al.Mechanism of wet shotcrete interacting with rock in support systems[J].Journal of Central South University,2013,20(3):821-829.
[6]侯朝炯,勾攀峰.巷道锚杆支护围岩强度强化机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3):342-345.HOU Chaojiong,GOU Panfeng.Mechanism study on strength enhancement for the rocks surrounding roadway supported by bolt[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(3):342-345.
[7]李海燕,李术才.膨胀性软岩巷道支护技术研究及应用[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(3):325-328.LI Haiyan,LI Shucai.Study and application of support technology on swelling soft rock roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(3):325-328.
[8]LEE S,KIM D,RYU J,et al.An experimental study on the durability of high performance shotcrete for permanent tunnel support[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,21(3):431-437.
[9]MALMGREN L,NORDIUND E,ROLUND S.Adhesion strength and shrinkage of shotcrete[J].Tunnelling and underground space technology,2005,20(1):33-48.
[10]郑雨天,祝顺义,李庶林,等.软岩巷道喷锚网---弧板复合支护试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(1):1-10.ZHENG Yutian,ZHU Shunyi,LI Shulin,et al.Testing research on a composite support system using bolts,shotcrete,mesh and arc plates for a tunnel in soft rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1993,12(1):1-10.
[11]王旭锋,张东升,邵鹏,等.深部软岩锚喷支护巷道快速掘进技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(3):415-419.WANG Xufeng,ZHANG Dongsheng,SHAO Peng,et al.A rapid excavation technology for shotcreting and bolting roadway in deep soft rock[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2011,28(3):415-419.
[12]张玉军,徐刚.核废料地质处置概念库锚喷支护坑道热-水-应力耦合效应的二维离散元分析[J].岩土力学,2013,34(增刊1):430-436.ZHANG Yujun,XU Gang.2D distinct element analyses of thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling effects for a drift with bolt-shotcrete supporting in a conceptual nuclear waste repository[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(S1):430-436.
[13]朱珍德,王春娟.地下洞室围岩支护结构的可靠性研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(增刊1):5-8.ZHU Zhende,WANG Chunjuan.The reliability research of timbering structural in underground chamber[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(S1):5-8.
[14]张士林,冯夏庭,段克信,等.塑料胀壳式注浆锚杆设计及机理[J].东北大学学报,2001,22(1):57-59.ZHANG Shilin,FENG Xiating,DUAN Kexin,et al.Plastic shell-expanding grouting bolt and it's reinforcing mechanism[J].Journal of Northeastern University,2001,22(1):57-59.
[15]康红普,崔千里,胡滨,等.树脂锚杆锚固性能及影响因素分析[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):1-10.KANG Hongpu,CUI Qianli,HU Bin,et al.Analysis on anchorage performances and affecting factors of resin bolts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):1-10.
[16]王少勇,吴爱祥,韩斌,等.湿喷混凝土+树脂锚杆耦合支护的力学模型[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(8):3486-3492.WANG Shaoyong,WU Aixiang,HAN Bin,et al.Mechanical model of wet shotcrete+resin bolt coupling support[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(8):3486-3492.
[17]王焕文,王继良.锚喷支护[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1989.WANG Huanwen,WANG Jiliang.Bolt shotcrete support[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1989.