早熟硬肉杏新品种‘红艳’的选育
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摘要
‘红艳’杏是以‘串枝红’杏为母本、‘金太阳’杏为父本人工杂交选育而成的早熟杏新品种。果实近圆形,平均单果质量72 g。果皮底色橙黄色,成熟时阳面着鲜红色,果面有茸毛,果皮中厚。果肉金黄色,肉质细、蜜,果肉硬,纤维少,汁液多,香气浓,味酸甜适度。可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为14.6%,总糖含量7.76%,还原糖含量2.46%,总酸含量1.14%,维生素含量C 6.68 mg·100 g-1,品质风味优良。果核卵圆形,褐色,离核。郑州地区3月中旬开花,6月上旬果实成熟,11月中旬落叶。树势中等偏强,易成花,自花结实能力差,需配置授粉树,以短果枝和花束状果枝结果为主。早熟,丰产稳产,外形美观,耐贮运,适应性强,适合河南及周边平原、丘陵、山地等杏栽培区栽培和发展。
'Hongyan' apricot is an early-maturing and hard flesh apricot hybrid developed by crossing two apricot varieties.'Chuanzhihong' apricot is the female parent,which is a late-maturing apricot,with yellow hard flesh and high yield.'Golden-sun'apricot is the male parent,which is an early-maturing apricot,with slightly acidic taste and hard flesh.The fruits of'Hongyan'apricot are approach globose with an average mass of 72 g.The fruit peel is orange,covered by bright red in the sunny side when it ripes.The surface of the fruit is fluffy and the fruit peel is medium thick.The fruit of'Hongyan'apricot has thick golden yellow flesh with delicate flesh texture,less fiber,and hard flesh.'Hongyan'apricot is an attractive and excellent fruit,has excellent flavor and quality,which has abundant juice,intense fruity aromas,pleasant sweetness and sourness,with soluble solids content of 14.6%,total soluble sugar content of 7.76%,reducing sugar content of 2.46%,total acid content of 1.14%,and Vitamin C content of 6.68 mg · 100 g-1.The fruit stone of'Hongyan'apricot is oval,brown and detached from the flesh.The flower is showy and the anther is light yellow with a lot of pollen.In Zhengzhou,middle China,the flower bud of'Hongyan'apricot starts activities in early March,the first flower comes into blossom mostly appears in middle March,the full-blossom stage mostly appears in late March and the flowering period can last about 7 days.The ovary gradually bulged after the flowers had fallen,the fruit matures in early June,about 75 days after blooming.The leaf buds germinate in late March and expand in early April.The leaves start falling in early November and completely fallen in mid-November,and the vegetative growth of the tree was about 220 d.The trees potential of'Hongyan'apricot shows middle or strong vigorous,semi-opening in canopy and easy initiation of floral bud.The results of self-pollination at flowering stage showed that the self-pollination rate for'Hongyan'apricot was very low and it was suggested to be self-incompatible cultivars.Only by planting suitable pollenizers can it set fruits,'Golden-sun'apricot,'Katy'apricot,'Zaojinyan'apricot and'Meixiang'apricot are suitable pollinating varieties for'Hongyan'apricot.The rate of pollen germination increases along with the temperature rising at 10-25 ℃.Pollen will begin to germinate in 4-8 hours at 15 ℃.The time for pistil capable of being fertilized is generally 4-5 days,but longer if it rains.The rate of fruit setting would be the highest if the pollination were carried out at the first day after blossoming,but shows a steep drop in the fifth day.The'Hongyan'apricot mainly bore on the short and cluster branches in the fields,although various types of branches can produce fruits.It has characteristics including early ripening,high yielding,good quality,big firmness,wide harvest schedule and excellent storage capacity,the fruits have long shelf life,and can be stored in 30 days under 4 ℃.It is suitable to be cultivated in both protected field and open field.The new early-maturing breed,has early-maturing date,strong suitability to adverse circumstance,tolerance to storage and transportation,high and stable output,highquality fruit which has nice appearance.It is suitable to be cultivated and developed in Henan and surrounding plains,hills and mountains,and potential to the other apricot suitable planting areas of China.
'Hongyan' apricot is an early-maturing and hard flesh apricot hybrid developed by crossing two apricot varieties.'Chuanzhihong' apricot is the female parent,which is a late-maturing apricot,with yellow hard flesh and high yield.'Golden-sun'apricot is the male parent,which is an early-maturing apricot,with slightly acidic taste and hard flesh.The fruits of'Hongyan'apricot are approach globose with an average mass of 72 g.The fruit peel is orange,covered by bright red in the sunny side when it ripes.The surface of the fruit is fluffy and the fruit peel is medium thick.The fruit of'Hongyan'apricot has thick golden yellow flesh with delicate flesh texture,less fiber,and hard flesh.'Hongyan'apricot is an attractive and excellent fruit,has excellent flavor and quality,which has abundant juice,intense fruity aromas,pleasant sweetness and sourness,with soluble solids content of 14.6%,total soluble sugar content of 7.76%,reducing sugar content of 2.46%,total acid content of 1.14%,and Vitamin C content of 6.68 mg · 100 g-1.The fruit stone of'Hongyan'apricot is oval,brown and detached from the flesh.The flower is showy and the anther is light yellow with a lot of pollen.In Zhengzhou,middle China,the flower bud of'Hongyan'apricot starts activities in early March,the first flower comes into blossom mostly appears in middle March,the full-blossom stage mostly appears in late March and the flowering period can last about 7 days.The ovary gradually bulged after the flowers had fallen,the fruit matures in early June,about 75 days after blooming.The leaf buds germinate in late March and expand in early April.The leaves start falling in early November and completely fallen in mid-November,and the vegetative growth of the tree was about 220 d.The trees potential of'Hongyan'apricot shows middle or strong vigorous,semi-opening in canopy and easy initiation of floral bud.The results of self-pollination at flowering stage showed that the self-pollination rate for'Hongyan'apricot was very low and it was suggested to be self-incompatible cultivars.Only by planting suitable pollenizers can it set fruits,'Golden-sun'apricot,'Katy'apricot,'Zaojinyan'apricot and'Meixiang'apricot are suitable pollinating varieties for'Hongyan'apricot.The rate of pollen germination increases along with the temperature rising at 10-25 ℃.Pollen will begin to germinate in 4-8 hours at 15 ℃.The time for pistil capable of being fertilized is generally 4-5 days,but longer if it rains.The rate of fruit setting would be the highest if the pollination were carried out at the first day after blossoming,but shows a steep drop in the fifth day.The'Hongyan'apricot mainly bore on the short and cluster branches in the fields,although various types of branches can produce fruits.It has characteristics including early ripening,high yielding,good quality,big firmness,wide harvest schedule and excellent storage capacity,the fruits have long shelf life,and can be stored in 30 days under 4 ℃.It is suitable to be cultivated in both protected field and open field.The new early-maturing breed,has early-maturing date,strong suitability to adverse circumstance,tolerance to storage and transportation,high and stable output,highquality fruit which has nice appearance.It is suitable to be cultivated and developed in Henan and surrounding plains,hills and mountains,and potential to the other apricot suitable planting areas of China.
引文
[1]孙浩元,杨丽,张俊环,姜凤超,周红燕,王玉柱.杏种质资源研究进展[J].经济林研究,2017,35(3):251-258.SUN Haoyuan,YANG Li,ZHANG Junhuan,JIANG Fengchao,ZHOU Hongyan,WANG Yuzhu.Advances in researches on apricot germplasm resources[J].Nonwood Forst Research,2017,35(3):251-258.
[2]杨丽,孙浩元,张俊环,王玉柱.我国杏育种研究进展[J].北方园艺,2011(12):170-172.YANG Li,SUN Haoyuan,ZHANG Junhuan,WANG Yuzhu.Brief introduction of research progress on the breeding of apricot in China[J].Northern Horticulture,2011(12):170-172.
[3]杨丽,孙浩元,张俊环,王玉柱.浅析鲜食杏的裂果原因[J].北方园艺,2010(5):78-79.YANG Li,SUN Haoyuan,ZHANG Junhuan,WANG Yuzhu.Primary analysis on dehiscent fruit of apricot[J].Northern Horticulture,2010(5):78-79.
[4]葛会贤,韩胜利.杏优种密植高效栽培技术规程研究[C]//杨建民,周怀军,张加延.李杏资源研究与利用进展(四).北京:中国农业出版社,2006:85-88.GE Huixian,HAN Shengli.Reaearch on technical regulations of high efficiency cultivation technique for superior species and dense planting of apricot[C]//YANG Jianmin,ZHOU Huaijun,ZHANG Jiayan.Advances in research and utilization on apricot and plum resources(Ⅳ).Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006:85-88.
[5]张玉萍,刘威生,孙猛,刘宁,赵锋,郁香荷,徐铭.杏新品种--国强的选育[J].果树学报,2010,28(3):57-58.ZHANG Yuping,LIU Weisheng,SUN Meng,LIU Ning,ZHAOFeng,YU Xianghe,XU Ming.Breeding report of a new apricot cultivar Guoqiang[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2010,28(3):57-58.
[6]陈玉玲,冯义彬,乔书瑞,夏乐晗,李峥,徐善坤.优质杏新品种--‘玫香’的选育[J].果树学报,2014,31(5):994-996.CHEN Yuling,FENG Yibin,QIAO Shurui,XIA Lehan,LIZheng,XU Shankun.‘Meixiang’,a new apricot cultivar[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2014,31(5):994-996.
[2]杨丽,孙浩元,张俊环,王玉柱.我国杏育种研究进展[J].北方园艺,2011(12):170-172.YANG Li,SUN Haoyuan,ZHANG Junhuan,WANG Yuzhu.Brief introduction of research progress on the breeding of apricot in China[J].Northern Horticulture,2011(12):170-172.
[3]杨丽,孙浩元,张俊环,王玉柱.浅析鲜食杏的裂果原因[J].北方园艺,2010(5):78-79.YANG Li,SUN Haoyuan,ZHANG Junhuan,WANG Yuzhu.Primary analysis on dehiscent fruit of apricot[J].Northern Horticulture,2010(5):78-79.
[4]葛会贤,韩胜利.杏优种密植高效栽培技术规程研究[C]//杨建民,周怀军,张加延.李杏资源研究与利用进展(四).北京:中国农业出版社,2006:85-88.GE Huixian,HAN Shengli.Reaearch on technical regulations of high efficiency cultivation technique for superior species and dense planting of apricot[C]//YANG Jianmin,ZHOU Huaijun,ZHANG Jiayan.Advances in research and utilization on apricot and plum resources(Ⅳ).Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006:85-88.
[5]张玉萍,刘威生,孙猛,刘宁,赵锋,郁香荷,徐铭.杏新品种--国强的选育[J].果树学报,2010,28(3):57-58.ZHANG Yuping,LIU Weisheng,SUN Meng,LIU Ning,ZHAOFeng,YU Xianghe,XU Ming.Breeding report of a new apricot cultivar Guoqiang[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2010,28(3):57-58.
[6]陈玉玲,冯义彬,乔书瑞,夏乐晗,李峥,徐善坤.优质杏新品种--‘玫香’的选育[J].果树学报,2014,31(5):994-996.CHEN Yuling,FENG Yibin,QIAO Shurui,XIA Lehan,LIZheng,XU Shankun.‘Meixiang’,a new apricot cultivar[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2014,31(5):994-996.