头部相关传递函数获取关键技术研究
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摘要
虚拟现实技术(VR)的飞速发展使双耳听觉研究越来越深入,如何快速准确地获取个性化头部相关传递函数HRTF成为研究热点。介绍了HRTF获取关键技术研究现状,总结出HRTF的4种获取方式:实验测量法、数学建模法、数据库匹配法和主观选择法,并阐述各方法的基本原理。将各方法进行对比,指出HRTF获取工作中需解决的问题和未来研究方向。
The rapid development of virtual reality technology makes the study of binaural hearing deeper and deeper.How to quickly and accurately obtain a personalized head-related transfer function(HRTF)has become a hot spot for scholars in various countries.This article gives a detailed introduction to the research status of HRTF access to key technologies,and summarizes four main acquisition methods of HRTF based on the current development trends:experimental measurement method,mathematical modeling method,database matching method and subjective selection method.The basic principle of the method is described.The advantages and disadvantages of the current methods are compared.Finally,the issues that need to be resolved in the HRTF acquisition work and future research directions are pointed out.
The rapid development of virtual reality technology makes the study of binaural hearing deeper and deeper.How to quickly and accurately obtain a personalized head-related transfer function(HRTF)has become a hot spot for scholars in various countries.This article gives a detailed introduction to the research status of HRTF access to key technologies,and summarizes four main acquisition methods of HRTF based on the current development trends:experimental measurement method,mathematical modeling method,database matching method and subjective selection method.The basic principle of the method is described.The advantages and disadvantages of the current methods are compared.Finally,the issues that need to be resolved in the HRTF acquisition work and future research directions are pointed out.
引文
[1]MASTERSON C,KEARNEY G,GORZEL M,et al.HRIR order reduction using approximate factorization[J].IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech&Language Processing,2012,20(6):1808-1817.
[2]WIENER F M.Sound diffraction by rigid spheres and circular cylinders[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1947,19(3):444-451.
[3]KUHN G F,GUERNSEY R M.Sound pressure distribution about the human head and torso[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1983,73(1):95-96.
[4]WIGHTMAN F L,KISTLER D J.Headphone simulation of free-field listening.II:psychophysical validation[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1989,85(2):868-878.
[5]GARDNER B.HRTF measurements of a KEMAR dummy-head microphone[J].MIT Media Lab.Perceptual Computing-Technical Report,1994(280):1-7.
[6]MIDDLEBROOKS J C.Virtual localization improved by scaling nonindividualized external-ear transfer functions in frequency[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1999,106(1):1493-1510.
[7]ALGAZI V R,DUDA R O,THOMPSON D M,et al.The CIPICHRTF database[C].Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics,2001 IEEE Workshop on the.IEEE,2001:99-102.
[8]TAKANE S,ARAI D,MIYAJIMA T,et al.A database of head-related transfer functions in whole directions on upper hemisphere[J].Acoustical Science&Technology,2002,23(23):160-162.
[9]ROOM ACOUSTICS TEAM OF IRCAM.HRTF database[EB/OL].[2006-08-20].http://www.ircam.fr/equipes/salles/listen/index.html
[10]吴镇扬,王卫斌.基于小波变换奇异性检测的HRTF(与头部关联的传递函数)消噪处理[J].生物物理学报,1997,13(3):473-478.
[11]赵自力.虚拟三维声音合成的实验研究[D].北京:清华大学,2002.
[12]谢菠荪,钟小丽,饶丹,等.头相关传输函数数据库及其特性分析[J].中国科学:物理学力学天文学,2006,36(5):464-479.
[13]龚玫,肖峥,曲天书,等.近场头相关传输函数的测量与分析[J].应用声学,2007,26(6):326-334.
[14]吴玺宏,吕振洋,高源,等.近场结构化头相关传输函数的测量与分析[J].数据采集与处理,2014,29(2):180-185.
[15]杨飞然.头相关传递函数测试新方法[J].应用声学,2014(3):263-264.
[16]余光正,刘昱,谢菠荪.近场头相关传输函数的多声源快速测量系统设计与验证[J].声学学报,2017(3):348-360.
[17]李平友.用最长序列测量扬声器的脉冲响应[J].应用声学,1993(1):11-16.
[18]DUDA R O,MARTENS W L.Range dependence of the response of a spherical head model[J].Journal of Acoustical Society of America,1998,104(5):3048-3058.
[19]ALGAZI V R,DUDA R O,DURALSWAMI R,et al.Approximating the head-related transfer function using simple geometric models of the head and torso[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2002,112(1):2053-2064.
[20]KATZ B F G.Boundary element method calculation of individual head-related transfer function,rigid model calculation[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2001,110(5 Pt 1):2440-2441.
[21]OTANI M,ISE S.A fast calculation method of the head-related transfer functions for multiple source points based on the boundary element method[J].Acoustical Science&Technology,2003,24(5):259-266.
[22]KAHANA Y,NELSON P.Boundary element simulations of the transfer function of human heads and baffled pinnae using accurate geometric models[J].Journal of Sound&Vibration,2007,300(3):552-579.
[23]XIAO T,LIU Q H.Finite difference computation of head-related transfer function for human hearing[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2003,113(5):2434-2435.
[24]FELS J,BUTHMANN P,VORL?NDER M.Head-related transfer functions of children[J].Acta Acustica United with Acustica,2004,90(5):918-927.
[25]MESHRAM A,MEHRA R,YANG H,et al.P-HRTF:efficient personalized HRTF computation for high-fidelity spatial sound[C].IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality.IEEE,2014:53-61.
[26]汪远东,曾向阳,陈幸幸.近场头相关传递函数的数值计算与特性分析[J].应用声学,2010,29(3):189-195.
[27]芮元庆.个性化近场头相关传输函数的计算与分析[D].广州:华南理工大学,2013.
[28]陈嘉衍,谢菠荪,刘昱,等.互易和边界元法计算头相关传输函数的稳定性及其改进[C].中国声学学会全国声学学术会议,2014.
[29]唐玲,付中华.中国人标准头模BHead210的头相关传递函数数值计算[J].声学技术,2014(3):237-242.
[30]吴锐兴,余光正.基于3D扫描图像的耳廓生理尺寸参数测量[C].全国声学学术会议,2016.
[31]BROWN C P,DUDA R O.A structural model for binaural sound synthesis[J].Speech&Audio Processing IEEE Transactions on,1998,6(5):476-488.
[32]JIN C,LEONG P,LEUNG J,et al.Enabling individualized virtual auditory space using morphological measurments[C].IEEE Workshop on,2000:235-238.
[33]ZOTKIN D N,HWANG J,DURAISWAINI R,et al.HRTF personalization using anthropometric measurements[C].Applications of Signal Processing To Audio and Acoustics,2003 IEEE Workshop on.IEEE,2003:157-160.
[34]FAHN C S,LO Y C.On the clustering of head-related transfer functions used for 3-D sound localization[J].Journal of Information Science&Engineering,2003,19(1):141-157.
[35]HUGENG,GUNAWAN D,WAHAB W.Effective preprocessing in modeling head-related impulse responses based on principal components analysis[J].Signal Processing An International Journal,2010,4(4):201-212.
[36]HUGENG,WAHAB W,GUNAWAN D.A new selection method of anthropometric parameters in individualizing HRIR[J].Telkomnika,2015,13(3):301-307.
[37]刘雪洁,钟小丽.改进的头相关传输函数生理参数匹配法[C].中国声学学会青年学术会议,2013.
[38]袁康.个性化头相关传递函数研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2016.
[39]SEEBER B,FASTL H.Subjective selection of non-individual head-related transfer functions[C].Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Auditory Display.Boston,MA,USA,2003:259-262.
[40]IWAYA Y.Individualization of head-related transfer functions with tournament-style listening test:Listening with other's ears[J].Acoustical Science&Technology,2006,340(6):24-31.
[41]汪林,殷福亮,陈喆.3D声场合成中近似个性头相关传递函数的主观选择方法[J].信号处理,2009,25(7):1097-1102.
[2]WIENER F M.Sound diffraction by rigid spheres and circular cylinders[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1947,19(3):444-451.
[3]KUHN G F,GUERNSEY R M.Sound pressure distribution about the human head and torso[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1983,73(1):95-96.
[4]WIGHTMAN F L,KISTLER D J.Headphone simulation of free-field listening.II:psychophysical validation[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1989,85(2):868-878.
[5]GARDNER B.HRTF measurements of a KEMAR dummy-head microphone[J].MIT Media Lab.Perceptual Computing-Technical Report,1994(280):1-7.
[6]MIDDLEBROOKS J C.Virtual localization improved by scaling nonindividualized external-ear transfer functions in frequency[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1999,106(1):1493-1510.
[7]ALGAZI V R,DUDA R O,THOMPSON D M,et al.The CIPICHRTF database[C].Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics,2001 IEEE Workshop on the.IEEE,2001:99-102.
[8]TAKANE S,ARAI D,MIYAJIMA T,et al.A database of head-related transfer functions in whole directions on upper hemisphere[J].Acoustical Science&Technology,2002,23(23):160-162.
[9]ROOM ACOUSTICS TEAM OF IRCAM.HRTF database[EB/OL].[2006-08-20].http://www.ircam.fr/equipes/salles/listen/index.html
[10]吴镇扬,王卫斌.基于小波变换奇异性检测的HRTF(与头部关联的传递函数)消噪处理[J].生物物理学报,1997,13(3):473-478.
[11]赵自力.虚拟三维声音合成的实验研究[D].北京:清华大学,2002.
[12]谢菠荪,钟小丽,饶丹,等.头相关传输函数数据库及其特性分析[J].中国科学:物理学力学天文学,2006,36(5):464-479.
[13]龚玫,肖峥,曲天书,等.近场头相关传输函数的测量与分析[J].应用声学,2007,26(6):326-334.
[14]吴玺宏,吕振洋,高源,等.近场结构化头相关传输函数的测量与分析[J].数据采集与处理,2014,29(2):180-185.
[15]杨飞然.头相关传递函数测试新方法[J].应用声学,2014(3):263-264.
[16]余光正,刘昱,谢菠荪.近场头相关传输函数的多声源快速测量系统设计与验证[J].声学学报,2017(3):348-360.
[17]李平友.用最长序列测量扬声器的脉冲响应[J].应用声学,1993(1):11-16.
[18]DUDA R O,MARTENS W L.Range dependence of the response of a spherical head model[J].Journal of Acoustical Society of America,1998,104(5):3048-3058.
[19]ALGAZI V R,DUDA R O,DURALSWAMI R,et al.Approximating the head-related transfer function using simple geometric models of the head and torso[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2002,112(1):2053-2064.
[20]KATZ B F G.Boundary element method calculation of individual head-related transfer function,rigid model calculation[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2001,110(5 Pt 1):2440-2441.
[21]OTANI M,ISE S.A fast calculation method of the head-related transfer functions for multiple source points based on the boundary element method[J].Acoustical Science&Technology,2003,24(5):259-266.
[22]KAHANA Y,NELSON P.Boundary element simulations of the transfer function of human heads and baffled pinnae using accurate geometric models[J].Journal of Sound&Vibration,2007,300(3):552-579.
[23]XIAO T,LIU Q H.Finite difference computation of head-related transfer function for human hearing[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2003,113(5):2434-2435.
[24]FELS J,BUTHMANN P,VORL?NDER M.Head-related transfer functions of children[J].Acta Acustica United with Acustica,2004,90(5):918-927.
[25]MESHRAM A,MEHRA R,YANG H,et al.P-HRTF:efficient personalized HRTF computation for high-fidelity spatial sound[C].IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality.IEEE,2014:53-61.
[26]汪远东,曾向阳,陈幸幸.近场头相关传递函数的数值计算与特性分析[J].应用声学,2010,29(3):189-195.
[27]芮元庆.个性化近场头相关传输函数的计算与分析[D].广州:华南理工大学,2013.
[28]陈嘉衍,谢菠荪,刘昱,等.互易和边界元法计算头相关传输函数的稳定性及其改进[C].中国声学学会全国声学学术会议,2014.
[29]唐玲,付中华.中国人标准头模BHead210的头相关传递函数数值计算[J].声学技术,2014(3):237-242.
[30]吴锐兴,余光正.基于3D扫描图像的耳廓生理尺寸参数测量[C].全国声学学术会议,2016.
[31]BROWN C P,DUDA R O.A structural model for binaural sound synthesis[J].Speech&Audio Processing IEEE Transactions on,1998,6(5):476-488.
[32]JIN C,LEONG P,LEUNG J,et al.Enabling individualized virtual auditory space using morphological measurments[C].IEEE Workshop on,2000:235-238.
[33]ZOTKIN D N,HWANG J,DURAISWAINI R,et al.HRTF personalization using anthropometric measurements[C].Applications of Signal Processing To Audio and Acoustics,2003 IEEE Workshop on.IEEE,2003:157-160.
[34]FAHN C S,LO Y C.On the clustering of head-related transfer functions used for 3-D sound localization[J].Journal of Information Science&Engineering,2003,19(1):141-157.
[35]HUGENG,GUNAWAN D,WAHAB W.Effective preprocessing in modeling head-related impulse responses based on principal components analysis[J].Signal Processing An International Journal,2010,4(4):201-212.
[36]HUGENG,WAHAB W,GUNAWAN D.A new selection method of anthropometric parameters in individualizing HRIR[J].Telkomnika,2015,13(3):301-307.
[37]刘雪洁,钟小丽.改进的头相关传输函数生理参数匹配法[C].中国声学学会青年学术会议,2013.
[38]袁康.个性化头相关传递函数研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2016.
[39]SEEBER B,FASTL H.Subjective selection of non-individual head-related transfer functions[C].Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Auditory Display.Boston,MA,USA,2003:259-262.
[40]IWAYA Y.Individualization of head-related transfer functions with tournament-style listening test:Listening with other's ears[J].Acoustical Science&Technology,2006,340(6):24-31.
[41]汪林,殷福亮,陈喆.3D声场合成中近似个性头相关传递函数的主观选择方法[J].信号处理,2009,25(7):1097-1102.