镉胁迫及施氮措施对喀斯特特有树种蚬木光合生理的影响
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摘要
采用盆栽方法,研究镉胁迫及施氮措施对喀斯特特有树种蚬木(Excentrodendron hsienmu)光合生理特性的影响,为镉污染的治理及修复措施提供科学依据。结果表明,镉胁迫显著抑制了蚬木苗高、地径、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和叶绿素含量,显著提高了蚬木胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci),高镉(120mg·kg~(-1)·Cd~(2+))胁迫时,分别比CK降低或升高了36.6%、66.4%、34.3%、20.9%、4.1%、12.1%;气孔导度则无明显变化。低镉(30mg·kg~(-1)·Cd~(2+))胁迫下施氮,蚬木苗高、地径、叶绿素含量、Pn及Tr随着施氮浓度的增加表现为先微弱上升后下降,而Ci正好相反表现为先降后增,Gs则表现为不断降低;高氮(0.8g·kg~(-1))下,均比不施氮处理分别下降了9.7%、17.9%、23.9%、36.0%、13.5%、43.1%和5.6%。高镉胁迫下施氮,蚬木苗高、地径、叶绿素含量、Pn、Gs和Tr均随着施氮量的增加而不断降低,并且高氮均比不施氮显著降低了29.1%、23.4%、19.3%、40.3%、41.7%和17.9%;Ci则显著地提升5.5%。说明镉胁迫下影响蚬木光合作用的主要因素为非气孔因素。低镉胁迫下施低氮对蚬木镉胁迫环境的适应性有一定的提升作用,高镉下施氮以及低镉下施高氮均使氮协同镉对蚬木产生了胁迫作用。
This paper studied the effects of nitrogen application on the growth and physiological characteristics of Excentrodendron hsienmu under Cd stress,an endemic plant species occurring in Karst area to provide scientific basis for the management of cadmium pollution and remediation measures.The results indicated that under the stress of high Cd concentration(120 mg·kg~(-1)),seedling height(H),ground diameter(D),transpiration rate(Tr),net photosynthetic rate(Pn),and chlorophyll content decreased by36.6%,66.4%,34.3%,20.9%,and 4.1%,respectively,while intercellular CO_2 concentration(Ci)increased by 12.1%,and no significant changes in the stomatal conductance(Gs).Under low Cd concentration stress(30 mg·kg~(-1)·Cd~(2+))and the application of nitrogen,H,D,chlorophyll content,Pnand Trin-creased slightly,and then decreased with the increase of applying nitrogen,while Cidecreased first,and then increased,and Gsdecreased constantly.Under high level of applying nitrogen(0.9 g·kg~(-1)),H,D,chlorophyll content,Pn,Tr,Ci,and Gsdecreased by 9.7%,17.9%,23.9%,36.0%,13.5%,43.1% and 5.6%,respectively,compared with those without nitrogen application.Under high Cd concentration,H,D,chlorophyll content,Pn,Gsand Trdecreased with the increase of nitrogen application and compared with those without nitrogen application,the parameters mentioned above decreased by 29.1%,23.4%,19.3%,40.3%,41.7%,and 17.9%,respectively,while Ciincreased by 5.5%,indicating thatr non-stomatal limitation was the key factor that affected the photosynthesis of E.hsienmu under cadmium stress.The adaptation of E.hsienmu was promoted under low cadmium stress by adding low level nitrogen.E.hsienmu was intimidated under low cadmium stress by adding high nitrogen or under high cadmium stress by adding nitrogen.
This paper studied the effects of nitrogen application on the growth and physiological characteristics of Excentrodendron hsienmu under Cd stress,an endemic plant species occurring in Karst area to provide scientific basis for the management of cadmium pollution and remediation measures.The results indicated that under the stress of high Cd concentration(120 mg·kg~(-1)),seedling height(H),ground diameter(D),transpiration rate(Tr),net photosynthetic rate(Pn),and chlorophyll content decreased by36.6%,66.4%,34.3%,20.9%,and 4.1%,respectively,while intercellular CO_2 concentration(Ci)increased by 12.1%,and no significant changes in the stomatal conductance(Gs).Under low Cd concentration stress(30 mg·kg~(-1)·Cd~(2+))and the application of nitrogen,H,D,chlorophyll content,Pnand Trin-creased slightly,and then decreased with the increase of applying nitrogen,while Cidecreased first,and then increased,and Gsdecreased constantly.Under high level of applying nitrogen(0.9 g·kg~(-1)),H,D,chlorophyll content,Pn,Tr,Ci,and Gsdecreased by 9.7%,17.9%,23.9%,36.0%,13.5%,43.1% and 5.6%,respectively,compared with those without nitrogen application.Under high Cd concentration,H,D,chlorophyll content,Pn,Gsand Trdecreased with the increase of nitrogen application and compared with those without nitrogen application,the parameters mentioned above decreased by 29.1%,23.4%,19.3%,40.3%,41.7%,and 17.9%,respectively,while Ciincreased by 5.5%,indicating thatr non-stomatal limitation was the key factor that affected the photosynthesis of E.hsienmu under cadmium stress.The adaptation of E.hsienmu was promoted under low cadmium stress by adding low level nitrogen.E.hsienmu was intimidated under low cadmium stress by adding high nitrogen or under high cadmium stress by adding nitrogen.
引文
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[5]郭晖,王妞,张家洋.土壤重金属胁迫下3种观赏植物生理抗性[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(3):62-66.GUO H,WANG N,ZHANG J Y.Physiological resistance of three ornamental plants to soil heavy metal stress[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(3):62-66.(in Chinese)
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[7]覃勇荣,陈燕师,刘旭辉,等.土壤重金属污染背景下的任豆修复试验[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(2):282-287.QIN Y R,CHEN Y S,LIU X H,et al.Repair experiment of heavy metal polluted soil with Zenia insignis[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(2):282-287.(in Chinese)
[8]曹莹,段萌,刘玉莲,等.镉胁迫下铵态氮对春小麦光合生理特性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(2):359-363.CAO Y,DUAN M,LIU Y L,et al.Effects of NH4+—N on photosynthetic characteristics of spring wheat plant under cadmium[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(2):359-363.(in Chinese)
[9]张帆,万雪琴,王长亮,等.镉胁迫下增施氮对杨树生长和光合特性的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2011,29(3):317-321.ZHANG F,WAN X Q,WANG C L,et al.Effects of nitrogen supplement on photosynthetic characteristic and growth rate of poplar plants under cadmium stress[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University,2011,29(3):317-321.(in Chinese)
[10]李先琨,蒋忠诚,黄玉清,等.桂西南岩溶山地优势植物种群动态及其对岩溶作用的影响[J].地球学报,2008(2):253-259.LI X K,JIANG Z C,HUANG Y Q,et al.Dynamics of dominant population and its influence on karstification in southwest Guangxi,China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2008(2):253-259.(in Chinese)
[11]申文辉,李志辉,彭玉华,等.蚬木扦插繁殖影响因子研究[J].西部林业科学,2014,43(6):24-28.SHEN W H,LI Z H,PENG Y H,et al.Study on the effects on cutting propagation of Excentrodendron hsienmu[J].Journal of West China Forestry Science,2014,43(6):24-28.(in Chinese)
[12]邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.163-165.
[13]曹玲,王庆成,崔东海.土壤镉污染对四种阔叶树苗木叶绿素荧光特性和生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(5):769-772.CAO L,WANG Q C,CUI D H.Impact of soil cadmium contain ration on chlorophyll fluorescence characters and biomass accumulation of four broad-leaved tree species seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(5):769-772.(in Chinese)
[14]刘俊祥,孙振元,巨关升,等.重金属Cd2+对结缕草叶片光合特性的影响[J].核农学报,2009,23(6):1050-1053.LIU J X,SUN Z Y,JU G S,et al.Effects of Cd2+stress on photosynthetic characteristics in leaves of Zoysia japonica[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2009,23(6):1050-1053.(in Chinese)
[15]潘瑞炽,董愚得.植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1995:53-55.
[16]MEDIAVILLA S,SANTIAGO H,ESCUDERO A.Stomatal and mesophyll limitations to photosynthesis in one evergreen and one deciduous Mediterranean oak species[J].Photosynthetica,2002,40(4):553-559.
[17]FARQUHAR G D,SHARKEY T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1982,33(1):317-345.
[18]顾颉刚.镉胁迫对杨树无性系植株生长发育及部分生理特性影响的研究[D].天津:天津师范大学,2008.
[19]苏玲,章永松,林咸永,等.维管植物的镉毒和耐性机制[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(1):106-112.SU L,ZHANG Y S,LIN X Y,et al.Cadmium toxicity and tolerance in vascular plants[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2000,6(1):106-112.(in Chinese)
[20]慈敦伟,姜东,戴廷波,等.镉毒害对小麦幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(5):88-91.CI D W,JIANG D,DAI T B,et al.Effect of Cd toxicity on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of wheat seedling[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2005,25(5):88-91.(in Chinese)
[21]刘劲松,石辉,李秧秧.镉胁迫对黄瓜幼苗光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2011(5):187-190,196.LIU J S,SHI H,LI Y Y.Effects of Cd2+stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of cucumber seedlings[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011(5):187-190,196.(in Chinese)
[22]MALO D D,SCHUMACHER T E,DOOLITTLE J J.Longterm cultivation impacts on selected soil properties in the northern great plains[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2005,81:277-291.
[23]赵晶.不同氮磷钾肥对土壤镉有效性和小麦吸收镉的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[2]覃朝科,易鹞,刘静静,等.广西某铅锌矿区废水汇集洼地土壤重金属污染调查与评价[J].中国岩溶,2013,32(3):318-324.QIN C K,YI J,LIU J J,et al.Investigation and evaluation on heavy metal pollution in the waste water collecting depression in a lead-zinc mine of karst area[J].Carsologica Sinica,2013,32(3):318-324.(in Chinese)
[3]翟丽梅,廖晓勇,阎秀兰,等.广西西江流域农业土壤镉的空间分布与环境风险[J].中国环境科学,2009(6):661-667.ZHAI L M,LIAO X Y,YAN X L,et al.Spatial variation and environment risk of cadmium in agricultural land in the Xijiang river draining of Guangxi[J].China Environmental Science,2009(6):661-667.(in Chinese)
[4]曹玲,司守霞,王庆成.镉对东北枫和东北山梅花生长和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(3):67-70.CAO L,SI S X,WANG Q C.Effect of cadmium on biomass accumulation and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Acer manduricumand Philadelphus schrenkii[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(3):67-70.(in Chinese)
[5]郭晖,王妞,张家洋.土壤重金属胁迫下3种观赏植物生理抗性[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(3):62-66.GUO H,WANG N,ZHANG J Y.Physiological resistance of three ornamental plants to soil heavy metal stress[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(3):62-66.(in Chinese)
[6]刘荣相,张朝晖.贵州东南部喀斯特汞金矿带苔藓植物及其重金属富集特征[J].中国岩溶,2010,29(1):41-47.LIU R X,ZHANG C H.Bryophytes and its heavy metal accumulation in mercury-gold ore belt in the karst area of southeast Guizhou[J].Carsologica Sinica,2010,29(1):41-47.(in Chinese)
[7]覃勇荣,陈燕师,刘旭辉,等.土壤重金属污染背景下的任豆修复试验[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(2):282-287.QIN Y R,CHEN Y S,LIU X H,et al.Repair experiment of heavy metal polluted soil with Zenia insignis[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(2):282-287.(in Chinese)
[8]曹莹,段萌,刘玉莲,等.镉胁迫下铵态氮对春小麦光合生理特性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(2):359-363.CAO Y,DUAN M,LIU Y L,et al.Effects of NH4+—N on photosynthetic characteristics of spring wheat plant under cadmium[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(2):359-363.(in Chinese)
[9]张帆,万雪琴,王长亮,等.镉胁迫下增施氮对杨树生长和光合特性的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2011,29(3):317-321.ZHANG F,WAN X Q,WANG C L,et al.Effects of nitrogen supplement on photosynthetic characteristic and growth rate of poplar plants under cadmium stress[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University,2011,29(3):317-321.(in Chinese)
[10]李先琨,蒋忠诚,黄玉清,等.桂西南岩溶山地优势植物种群动态及其对岩溶作用的影响[J].地球学报,2008(2):253-259.LI X K,JIANG Z C,HUANG Y Q,et al.Dynamics of dominant population and its influence on karstification in southwest Guangxi,China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2008(2):253-259.(in Chinese)
[11]申文辉,李志辉,彭玉华,等.蚬木扦插繁殖影响因子研究[J].西部林业科学,2014,43(6):24-28.SHEN W H,LI Z H,PENG Y H,et al.Study on the effects on cutting propagation of Excentrodendron hsienmu[J].Journal of West China Forestry Science,2014,43(6):24-28.(in Chinese)
[12]邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.163-165.
[13]曹玲,王庆成,崔东海.土壤镉污染对四种阔叶树苗木叶绿素荧光特性和生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(5):769-772.CAO L,WANG Q C,CUI D H.Impact of soil cadmium contain ration on chlorophyll fluorescence characters and biomass accumulation of four broad-leaved tree species seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(5):769-772.(in Chinese)
[14]刘俊祥,孙振元,巨关升,等.重金属Cd2+对结缕草叶片光合特性的影响[J].核农学报,2009,23(6):1050-1053.LIU J X,SUN Z Y,JU G S,et al.Effects of Cd2+stress on photosynthetic characteristics in leaves of Zoysia japonica[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2009,23(6):1050-1053.(in Chinese)
[15]潘瑞炽,董愚得.植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1995:53-55.
[16]MEDIAVILLA S,SANTIAGO H,ESCUDERO A.Stomatal and mesophyll limitations to photosynthesis in one evergreen and one deciduous Mediterranean oak species[J].Photosynthetica,2002,40(4):553-559.
[17]FARQUHAR G D,SHARKEY T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1982,33(1):317-345.
[18]顾颉刚.镉胁迫对杨树无性系植株生长发育及部分生理特性影响的研究[D].天津:天津师范大学,2008.
[19]苏玲,章永松,林咸永,等.维管植物的镉毒和耐性机制[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(1):106-112.SU L,ZHANG Y S,LIN X Y,et al.Cadmium toxicity and tolerance in vascular plants[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2000,6(1):106-112.(in Chinese)
[20]慈敦伟,姜东,戴廷波,等.镉毒害对小麦幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(5):88-91.CI D W,JIANG D,DAI T B,et al.Effect of Cd toxicity on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of wheat seedling[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2005,25(5):88-91.(in Chinese)
[21]刘劲松,石辉,李秧秧.镉胁迫对黄瓜幼苗光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2011(5):187-190,196.LIU J S,SHI H,LI Y Y.Effects of Cd2+stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of cucumber seedlings[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011(5):187-190,196.(in Chinese)
[22]MALO D D,SCHUMACHER T E,DOOLITTLE J J.Longterm cultivation impacts on selected soil properties in the northern great plains[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2005,81:277-291.
[23]赵晶.不同氮磷钾肥对土壤镉有效性和小麦吸收镉的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2009.