农光耦合系统对田间光照条件和甘薯生长的影响
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摘要
为了探讨光伏发电和农作物生产耦合系统的可行性和合适途径,本研究测定了光伏板对田间光照条件和甘薯生长的影响。试验以木板模拟光伏板,选择平均高度1.6 m、坡度22°、宽3 m、长9 m的标准组件参数,以无光伏板为对照,供试甘薯品种为"心香""浙薯13"和"浙薯77"。结果表明:在晴天天气条件下,光伏板下的光照强度为80～400μmol/(m~2·s),高于供试甘薯品种的光补偿点,略低于"心香"和"浙薯13"的光饱和点;在多云天气条件下田间光伏板下的光照强度变化与晴天相似;雨天的光照强度总体上略高于甘薯的光补偿点。与对照相比,光伏板遮阴处理的甘薯叶片净光合速率和气孔导度显著下降,胞间CO_2浓度显著增加;植株单株总叶面积显著下降,"心香""浙薯13""浙薯77"分别下降18.94%、45.54%和56.26%,单位面积叶片质量也明显下降;3个甘薯品种的干物质积累趋势与对照一致,但总量显著下降,单位面积产量分别下降39.25%、33.70%和23.60%,总产以品种"心香"最高。本研究表明,设置光伏板对田间光照强度和甘薯生长有一定的不良影响,但单位面积的经济效益极显著增加,生产上可以通过增加种植密度、适当增施肥料等减少作物减产。综上表明,光伏发电和农作物生产耦合系统具有较好的推广前景。
In order to investigate the effects of establishment of photovoltaic(PV) panels on field illumination conditions and sweet potato growth in an agro-photovoltaic integrating system, we used wooden boards to simulate the PV panel construction. The simulated PV assembly had a set of standard parameters, which were an average height of 1.6 m, a slope of 22°, a width of 3 m and a length of 9 m. A two-year field experiment was carried out, and three sweet potato cultivars of"Xinxiang"(Xx),"Zheshu 13"(ZS 13) and"Zheshu 77"(ZS 77)were planted under the PV panel shading and CK(without PV panels) treatments. The results showed that under the sunny weather condition, the illumination intensity was 80-400 μmol/(m~2·s), which was higher than the light compensation point of the tested cultivars and slightly lower than the light saturation point of Xx and ZS 13. The variation of field light intensity in cloudy days of summer and autumn was similar to that in the sunny days. The light intensity of observation points under the PV panel shading treatment in rainy days was only slightly higher than the light compensation point of the tested cultivars. At the same light intensity, the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of sweet potato leaves under the shading treatment decreased significantly, and the intercellular CO_2 concentration increased significantly. After the PV panel shading treatment, the maximum leaf area per plant decreased significantly, and the leaf area of Xx, ZS 13 and ZS 77 decreased by 18.94%, 45.54%and 56.26%, respectively. The leaf mass of per area for the three cultivars also decreased significantly. The dry matter accumulation trend of the three cultivars after shading treatment was the same as that of the CK, but the total amount decreased significantly. Compared with the CK, the yield of sweet potato per unit area decreased by 39.25%, 33.70% and 23.60% for Xx, ZS13 and ZS 77, respectively, but the total yield of Xx was still the highest under the shading treatment. In summary, the agro-photovoltaic integrating system formed by the construction of photovoltaic panels in the farmland has some adverse effects on the field light intensity and sweet potato growth,but the economic benefits per unit area are greatly increased. Thus, the crop yield can be increased by increasing density of sweet potato seedlings and reasonable fertilizer, and the agro-photovoltaic integrating system has a good prospect of popularization.
In order to investigate the effects of establishment of photovoltaic(PV) panels on field illumination conditions and sweet potato growth in an agro-photovoltaic integrating system, we used wooden boards to simulate the PV panel construction. The simulated PV assembly had a set of standard parameters, which were an average height of 1.6 m, a slope of 22°, a width of 3 m and a length of 9 m. A two-year field experiment was carried out, and three sweet potato cultivars of"Xinxiang"(Xx),"Zheshu 13"(ZS 13) and"Zheshu 77"(ZS 77)were planted under the PV panel shading and CK(without PV panels) treatments. The results showed that under the sunny weather condition, the illumination intensity was 80-400 μmol/(m~2·s), which was higher than the light compensation point of the tested cultivars and slightly lower than the light saturation point of Xx and ZS 13. The variation of field light intensity in cloudy days of summer and autumn was similar to that in the sunny days. The light intensity of observation points under the PV panel shading treatment in rainy days was only slightly higher than the light compensation point of the tested cultivars. At the same light intensity, the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of sweet potato leaves under the shading treatment decreased significantly, and the intercellular CO_2 concentration increased significantly. After the PV panel shading treatment, the maximum leaf area per plant decreased significantly, and the leaf area of Xx, ZS 13 and ZS 77 decreased by 18.94%, 45.54%and 56.26%, respectively. The leaf mass of per area for the three cultivars also decreased significantly. The dry matter accumulation trend of the three cultivars after shading treatment was the same as that of the CK, but the total amount decreased significantly. Compared with the CK, the yield of sweet potato per unit area decreased by 39.25%, 33.70% and 23.60% for Xx, ZS13 and ZS 77, respectively, but the total yield of Xx was still the highest under the shading treatment. In summary, the agro-photovoltaic integrating system formed by the construction of photovoltaic panels in the farmland has some adverse effects on the field light intensity and sweet potato growth,but the economic benefits per unit area are greatly increased. Thus, the crop yield can be increased by increasing density of sweet potato seedlings and reasonable fertilizer, and the agro-photovoltaic integrating system has a good prospect of popularization.
引文
[1]余明艳,刘冬,覃楠楠,等.浙江长兴基于农光互补的田园综合体建设途径的思考.农业科技通讯,2018(4):11-14.YU M Y,LIU D,QIN N N,et al.Approach to the construction of field garden complex based on agriculture and photovoltaic power complementary system in Changxing County of Zhejiang Province.Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,2018(4):11-14.(in Chinese)
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[5]秦玉芝,邢铮,邹剑锋,等.持续弱光胁迫对马铃薯苗期生长和光合特性的影响.中国农业科学,2014,47(3):537-545.QIN Y Z,XING Z,ZOU J F,et al.Effects of sustained weak light on seedling growth and photosynthetic characteristics of potato seedlings.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(3):537-545.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]吴正锋,孙学武,王才斌,等.弱光胁迫对花生功能叶片RuBP羧化酶活性及叶绿体超微结构的影响.植物生态学报,2014,38(7):740-748.WU Z F,SUN X W,WANG C B,et al.Effects of low light stress on rubisco activity and the ultrastructure of chloroplast in functional leaves of peanut.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2014,38(7):740-748.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]沈彦会,蔡静如,刘建华,等.华南地区五种蕨类植物耐荫性的研究.北方园艺,2018(6):88-95.SHEN Y H,CAI J R,LIU J H,et al.Shade-tolerance of five ferns from south China.Northern Horticulture,2018(6):88-95.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]陆銮眉,阎光宇,杜晓娜,等.8种园林植物耐荫性与光合特性的研究.热带作物学报,2011,32(7):1249-1254.LU L M,YAN G Y,DU X N,et al.Photosynthetic and shade-tolerance characteristics of eight ornamental plants.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2011,32(7):1249-1254.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]殷东生,沈海龙.森林植物耐荫性及其形态和生理适应性研究进展.应用生态学报,2016,27(8):2687-2698.YIN D S,SHEN H L.Shade tolerance and the adaptability of forest plants in morphology and physiology:a review.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(8):2687-2698.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]周卫霞,李潮海,刘天学,等.弱光胁迫对不同耐荫型玉米果穗发育及内源激素含量的影响.生态学报,2013,33(14):4315-4323.ZHOU W X,LI C H,LIU T X,et al.Effects of low-light stress on maize ear development and endogenous hormones content of two maize hybrids(Zea mays L.)with different shade-tolerance.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(14):4315-4323.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]李宁,郭世荣,束胜,等.外源24-表油菜素内酯对弱光胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片形态及光合特性的影响.应用生态学报,2015,26(3):847-852.LI N,GUO S R,SHU S,et al.Effects of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide on leaf morphology and photosynthetic characteristics of tomato seedlings under low light stress.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(3):847-852.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]孙园园,孙永健,陈林,等.不同播期和抽穗期弱光胁迫对杂交稻生理性状及产量的影响.应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2737-2744.SUN Y Y,SUN Y J,CHEN L,et al.Effects of different sowing dates and low-light stress at heading stage on the physiological characteristics and grain yield of hybrid rice.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(10):2737-2744.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]GENG B,ZHANG X L,LIANG Y,et al.Do favorable land price policy affect renewable energy industry?Evidence from photovoltaics.Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,119:187-195.
[3]KHOURY J,MBAYED R,SALLOUM G,et al.Review on the integration of photovoltaic renewable energy in developing countries:special attention to the Lebanese case.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,57:562-572.
[4]魏来.农光互补系统中甘薯生长发育特征的研究.杭州:浙江大学,2017:10-12.WEI L.Study on the growth and development characteristics of sweet potato in photovoltaic power station and agriculture complementary system.Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2017:10-12.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]秦玉芝,邢铮,邹剑锋,等.持续弱光胁迫对马铃薯苗期生长和光合特性的影响.中国农业科学,2014,47(3):537-545.QIN Y Z,XING Z,ZOU J F,et al.Effects of sustained weak light on seedling growth and photosynthetic characteristics of potato seedlings.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(3):537-545.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]吴正锋,孙学武,王才斌,等.弱光胁迫对花生功能叶片RuBP羧化酶活性及叶绿体超微结构的影响.植物生态学报,2014,38(7):740-748.WU Z F,SUN X W,WANG C B,et al.Effects of low light stress on rubisco activity and the ultrastructure of chloroplast in functional leaves of peanut.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2014,38(7):740-748.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]沈彦会,蔡静如,刘建华,等.华南地区五种蕨类植物耐荫性的研究.北方园艺,2018(6):88-95.SHEN Y H,CAI J R,LIU J H,et al.Shade-tolerance of five ferns from south China.Northern Horticulture,2018(6):88-95.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]陆銮眉,阎光宇,杜晓娜,等.8种园林植物耐荫性与光合特性的研究.热带作物学报,2011,32(7):1249-1254.LU L M,YAN G Y,DU X N,et al.Photosynthetic and shade-tolerance characteristics of eight ornamental plants.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2011,32(7):1249-1254.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]殷东生,沈海龙.森林植物耐荫性及其形态和生理适应性研究进展.应用生态学报,2016,27(8):2687-2698.YIN D S,SHEN H L.Shade tolerance and the adaptability of forest plants in morphology and physiology:a review.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(8):2687-2698.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]周卫霞,李潮海,刘天学,等.弱光胁迫对不同耐荫型玉米果穗发育及内源激素含量的影响.生态学报,2013,33(14):4315-4323.ZHOU W X,LI C H,LIU T X,et al.Effects of low-light stress on maize ear development and endogenous hormones content of two maize hybrids(Zea mays L.)with different shade-tolerance.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(14):4315-4323.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]李宁,郭世荣,束胜,等.外源24-表油菜素内酯对弱光胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片形态及光合特性的影响.应用生态学报,2015,26(3):847-852.LI N,GUO S R,SHU S,et al.Effects of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide on leaf morphology and photosynthetic characteristics of tomato seedlings under low light stress.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(3):847-852.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]孙园园,孙永健,陈林,等.不同播期和抽穗期弱光胁迫对杂交稻生理性状及产量的影响.应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2737-2744.SUN Y Y,SUN Y J,CHEN L,et al.Effects of different sowing dates and low-light stress at heading stage on the physiological characteristics and grain yield of hybrid rice.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(10):2737-2744.(in Chinese with English abstract)