耕地地力对化肥养分利用的影响机制及其调控研究进展
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摘要
耕地地力影响了化肥养分的利用效率,是调控养分利用率的基础途径。本文概述了耕地土壤障碍对养分利用的制约机制、耕地地力培育对养分利用的促进机制、提高养分资源利用效率的耕地培肥模式3个方面的研究进展。针对我国主要的耕地土壤–作物系统,提高化肥养分利用率需要解决4个地力调控方面的关键问题:地力与养分利用率关系及其时空变化规律、土壤障碍制约养分高效蓄积转化机制与消减原理、地力培肥促进根系–土壤–微生物互作提高养分耦合利用机制及调控途径、肥沃耕层构建与生物功能提升对养分蓄纳供应的协同驱动增效机制与调控理论。本文提出基于多时空尺度综合研究,建立稳定提升土壤功能–加速养分循环利用的"双核驱动"地力综合管理理论,在不同区域构建并应用化肥减施增效的耕地地力综合管理模式,实现耕地大面积均衡减施化肥的目标。
The cultivated land fertility affects the nutrient utilization of chemical fertilizers,which is the basic pathway to regulate the nutrient use efficiency(NUE).The research progresses in this field were reviewed from three aspects:the restriction mechanism of soil constraint factors on nutrient utilization,the promotion mechanism of soil fertility incubation on nutrient utilization,and the models for enhancing NUE by improving cultivated land fertility.For the main types of soil-crop systems,four scientific problems need to be clarified in terms of regulating NUE by fostering cultivated land fertility:temporal and spatial variation of correlation between soil fertility and NUE,the mechanisms for soil obstacles to restrict nutrient accumulation and transformation and its removing principle,the mechanisms and regulatory pathways for fertility incubation to promote root-soil-microbe interaction and the synergetic utilization of nutrients,the mechanisms and theories for coupling fertile cultivated layer construction and soil biological function improvement to enhance nutrient storage and supplies.Based on the comprehensive research at multi-temporal and spatial scales,the "dual core driven" soil fertility improvement theory should be developed,which combines the improvement of soil storage-release function and acceleration of nutrient recycling use.Finally the integrated cultivated land fertility management models should be established and applied to enhance NUE of chemical fertilizers in different regions,which could promote the fulfillment of the goal to reduce chemical fertilizer application in cultivated land at the regional scale.
The cultivated land fertility affects the nutrient utilization of chemical fertilizers,which is the basic pathway to regulate the nutrient use efficiency(NUE).The research progresses in this field were reviewed from three aspects:the restriction mechanism of soil constraint factors on nutrient utilization,the promotion mechanism of soil fertility incubation on nutrient utilization,and the models for enhancing NUE by improving cultivated land fertility.For the main types of soil-crop systems,four scientific problems need to be clarified in terms of regulating NUE by fostering cultivated land fertility:temporal and spatial variation of correlation between soil fertility and NUE,the mechanisms for soil obstacles to restrict nutrient accumulation and transformation and its removing principle,the mechanisms and regulatory pathways for fertility incubation to promote root-soil-microbe interaction and the synergetic utilization of nutrients,the mechanisms and theories for coupling fertile cultivated layer construction and soil biological function improvement to enhance nutrient storage and supplies.Based on the comprehensive research at multi-temporal and spatial scales,the "dual core driven" soil fertility improvement theory should be developed,which combines the improvement of soil storage-release function and acceleration of nutrient recycling use.Finally the integrated cultivated land fertility management models should be established and applied to enhance NUE of chemical fertilizers in different regions,which could promote the fulfillment of the goal to reduce chemical fertilizer application in cultivated land at the regional scale.
引文
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[24]Pittelkow C M,Liang X,Linquist B A,et al.Productivity limits and potentials of the principles of conservation agriculture[J].Nature,2015,517:365–368
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